Morphometric analysis of heart, kidneys and adrenal glands in dromedary camel calves
Abstract
Morphometric evaluation of the heart, kidneys and adrenal glands is critical in the determination of etiology and pathogenesis of different diseases especially related to cardiovascular system in domestic animals as well as in human beings. In this study the heart, kidneys and the adrenal glands of 26 dromedary camels, aged between 30 to 36 months were studied gross anatomically. All organs were weighed with the help of an electrical weighing balance whereas length, width and circumference were measured with measuring tape. Thickness of wall of the heart was measured using Vernier caliper. Shape of the heart was cone like; the coronary and longitudnal grooves were filled with white fat. Means±SEM of the gross anatomical parameters estimated were: heart weight: 1136.53 ± 53.1g; heart length from base to apex: 19.54 ± 0.44 cm; heart width: 14.59 ± 0.28 cm; coronary heart circumference: 36.33 ± 0.57 cm; thickness of right atrial wall: 0.52 ± 0.04 cm; thickness of left atrial wall: 0.51 ± 0.03 cm; thickness of the right ventricular wall: 0.83 ± 0.05 cm; thickness of the left ventricular wall: 1.95 ± 0.08 cm. Parameters related to kidneys gave following values: weight of left kidney: 683.5 ± 36 g; renal length: 15.04 ± 0.33 cm; renal width: 10.75 ± 0.24 cm; renal circumference (around the poles of kidney): 25.41 ± 0.48 cm; diameter of cortex: 1.26 ± 0.05 cm; diameter of medulla: 4.12 ± 0.11 cm; weight of right kidney: 725.61 ± 40 g; renal length: 15.54 ± 0.35 cm; renal width: 10.98 ± 0.27 cm; renal circumference of left kidney: 25.93 ± 0.52 cm; thickness of cortex: 1.35 ± 0.04 cm; thickness of medulla: 4.43 ± 0.1 cm; averages ±SEM recorded with regard to adrenal glands were: weight of left adrenal gland: 16.58 ± 0.8g, length: 5.15 ± 0.22 cm, width: 3.33 ± 0.13 cm. Weight of right adrenal gland: 18.97 ± 0.8 g; length: 5.81 ± 0.19 cm and width of right adrenal gland was found to be 3.84 ± 0.11 cm. Considering these values, dromedary camel, appears to have better developed these organs than other ruminant species to cope up the stresses of the harsh climate.
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- "Hence, morphometric evaluation of blood pressure and blood volume related organs i.e., heart, kidneys and adrenal glands is critically important to determine the etiology and pathogenesis of different diseases related to cardiovascular system. In this connection, some research work has been conducted to improve the basic information on the morphology of these organs in indigenous livestock species, including buffalo (Hussain and Qureshi, 2007) and dromedaries (Rehan and Qureshi, 2006). The present work was designed to add to the basic knowledge information about the age and sex related anatomical changes in blood pressure regulating organs of goats. "
[Show abstract] [Hide abstract] ABSTRACT: In this study the heart, kidneys and adrenal glands of 36 teddy goats (Capra hircus) of both sexes, divided in 3 age groups viz. kids (6-12 months), adults (13-21 months) and old (22-24 months) were collected after slaughter. Immediately after collection, absolute and relative weights, length, width, thickness, circumference and volume of all organs were recorded. Shape of the heart was cone like and the coronary groove was filled with fat. None of the anatomical parameters of the heart, kidneys and adrenal glands differed between male and female goats, except that absolute weight of the right kidney and volume of right and left kidneys were higher in males than in females (P<0.05). Absolute and relative weights of the heart, volume, length, circumference, right atrial wall thickness and right ventricle wall thickness were higher in old than in kids or adult animals (P<0.05). No difference was seen in various anatomical parameters between the right and the left kidneys. However, values of most of the anatomical parameters were higher in old than in kids or adult goats (P<0.05), except relative weight of the organ and thickness of medulla, which did not differ among animals of three age groups. For adrenals, the absolute weight and length of the left organ were higher than the right (P<0.05). Similarly, absolute weight, length and width were higher in old than in kids (P<0.05). It is conceivable from these findings that goat has a stable cardiovascular system. The development of heart, kidneys and adrenals showed an increase parallel to the advancing age to adjust with the increasing blood pressure due to physiological development process. Sex, however, played a secondary role. -
- "indigenous livestock species, including buffalo (Hussain and Qureshi, 2007) and dromedaries (Rehan and Qureshi, 2006). "
[Show abstract] [Hide abstract] ABSTRACT: In this study the heart, kidneys and the adrenal glands of 36 teddy goats, divided in 3 age groups, kids (6-12 months), adults (13-21 months), and old (22-24 months) were collected. Shape of the heart was cone like; the coronary groove was filled with fat. Overall means + SEM of the gross anatomical parameters of all 36 animals were: heart weight: 94.47± 5.86 g; length: 7.89 ± 0.14 cm; width: 5.56 ± 0.20 cm; circumference: 14.30± 0.34 cm; thickness of right atrial wall: 0.15 ± 0.01 cm; thickness of left atrial wall: 0.25 ± 0.02 cm; thickness of right ventricular wall: 0.39 ± 0.02 cm; thickness of left ventricular wall: 0.99 ± 0.05 cm; volume: 89.23 ± 4.99 cm3. Parameters related to kidneys gave following values: weight of left kidney: 39.443± 3.65 g; length: 5.727 ± 0.17 cm; width: 3.461± 0.08 cm; circumference: 9.95 ± 0.29cm; thickness of cortex: 0.69 ± 0.02 cm; thickness of medulla: 1.58 ± 0.04 cm; volume: 35.92 ± 1.98 cm3; weight of right kidney: 36.966± 2.04 g; length: 5.507 ± 0.10 cm; width: 3.622 ± 0.06 cm; circumference: 9.883 ± 0.23 cm; thickness of cortex: 0.669 ± 0.02 cm; thickness of medulla: 1.537 ± 0.05 cm; volume: 35.82 ± 2.12 cm3. Averages (+ SEM) recorded with regard to adrenal glands were: weight of left adrenal gland: 0.92 ± 0.04 g, length: 2.03 ± 0.04 cm; width: 0.87 ± 0.02 cm; circumference: 0.93±0.04 cm; volume: 1.08 ± 0.04 cm3, weight of right adrenal gland: 0.78 ± 0.04 g; length: 1.48 ± 0.04 cm; width: 0.87 ± 0.03 cm; circumference: 2.72± 0.09 cm and volume of right adrenal gland was found to be 1.08 ± 0.04 cm3. It is conceivable from these findings that goat has a stable cardiovascular system. The development of heart, kidneys and adrenal showed an increase parallel to the advancing age to adjust with the increasing blood pressure due to physiological development process. Sex, however, played a secondary role. -
[Show abstract] [Hide abstract] ABSTRACT: This study was conducted to elucidate the effects of age and sex on the histometrical values of blood pressure related organs including heart, kidneys and adrenal glands in teddy goats. The hearts, kidneys and the adrenal glands of 36 teddy goats, divided in three age-groups; kids (6-12 months), adults (13-21 months) and adults (22-24 months), were processed for histometrical studies. Mean diameters, volumes and Intramural connective tissue contents of right atrium, left atrium, right ventricle and left ventricle were recorded from cardiac specimens. Age affected none of the parameters of the heart significantly. Mean diameters and volumes of subcapsular and juxtamedullary glomeruli were recorded from kidney specimens. All parameters of the kidney invariably showed a consistent rise with advancing age. Thicknesses of the zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculata and zona reticularis of the right adrenal gland were measured. Thickness of different zones of the adrenal cortex showed significant (P<0.05) changes with age. It is conceivable from these findings that the development of heart, kidneys and adrenal showed an increase parallel to the advancing age to adjust with the increasing blood pressure due to physiological development process. Sex, however, played a secondary role. ©2012 PVJ. All rights reserved To Cite This Article: Qureshi AS, M Shah, S Rehan, R Hussain and HA Ullah, 2012. Histomorphometrical investigations on the heart, kidneys and adrenal glands in normal teddy goats (Capra hircus) using image analysis system. Pak Vet J, xx(x): xxx.
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