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Impacts morphologiques et moléculaires de la qualité ovocytaire en assistance médicale à la procréation

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Physiologie, pathologie et thérapie de la reproduction chez l’humain

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Résumé

Les techniques biologiques d’assistance médicale à la procréation (AMP) telles que la fécondation in vitro (FIV) avec et sans micromanipulation nous ont permis d’examiner les gamètes, notamment les ovocytes et d’essayer de trouver des critères permettant d’évaluer leurs qualités ; la principale étant de donner un embryon apte à un développement précoce et à une implantation permettant une grossesse évolutive. Les premiers critères utilisés pour évaluer la qualité ovocytaire ont été des critères morphologiques. Ces observations restent souvent relativement subjectives et peu de critères morphologiques semblent être très prédictifs du devenir de la tentative d’AMP. D’autres approches, plus invasives, ont été utilisées, comme par exemple pour évaluer l’aneuploïdie ovocytaire, une cause majeure des échecs de développement embryonnaire. Actuellement, de nouvelles approches se mettent en place, utilisant des méthodes de biologie moléculaires qui permettent d’avoir des évaluations plus objectives de la qualité des ovocytes.

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Clément, P. (2011). Impacts morphologiques et moléculaires de la qualité ovocytaire en assistance médicale à la procréation. In: Physiologie, pathologie et thérapie de la reproduction chez l’humain. Springer, Paris. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-2-8178-0061-5_38

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-2-8178-0061-5_38

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