Advertisement
No access
Article

Evolution at Two Levels in Humans and Chimpanzees: Their macromolecules are so alike that regulatory mutations may account for their biological differences

Science
11 Apr 1975
Vol 188, Issue 4184
pp. 107-116
First page of PDF

Get full access to this article

View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.

References

Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology 31: 1 (1966).
ALPER, C.A., ADVANCES IN IMMUNOLOGY 14: 251 (1971).
AYALA, F.J., ENZYME VARIABILITY IN DROSOPHILA-WILLISTONI GROUP .4. GENIC VARIATION IN NATURAL POPULATIONS OF DROSOPHILA-WILLISTONI, GENETICS 70: 113 (1972).
AYALA, F.J., GENETIC-VARIATION IN NATURAL-POPULATIONS OF 5 DROSOPHILA SPECIES AND HYPOTHESIS OF SELECTIVE NEUTRALITY OF PROTEIN POLYMORPHISMS, GENETICS 77: 343 (1974).
AZEN, E.A., BIOCHEM GENET 3: 214 (1969).
BAHN, E, POSITION-EFFECT VARIEGATION FOR AN ISOAMYLASE IN DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER, HEREDITAS-GENETISKT ARKIV 67: 79 (1971).
BAILEY, G.S., HOMOLOGIES BETWEEN ISOENZYMES OF FISHES AND THOSE OF HIGHER VERTEBRATES - EVIDENCE FOR MULTIPLE H4 LACTATE DEHYDROGENASES IN TROUT, JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY 243: 5843 (1968).
BALAKRISHNAN, V, DISTANCE BETWEEN POPULATIONS ON BASIS OF ATTRIBUTE DATA, BIOMETRICS 24: 859 (1968).
BALDWIN, T.O., HEMOGLOBINS OF BULLFROG, RANA-CATESBEIANA - PARTIAL AMINO-ACID SEQUENCE OF BETA-CHAIN OF MAJOR ADULT COMPONENT, JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY 249: 6110 (1974).
BAUER, K, AGE DETERMINATION BY IMMUNOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES OF LAST COMMON ANCESTOR OF MAN AND CHIMPANZEE, HUMANGENETIK 17: 253 (1973).
BECKMAN, G, SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE ISOENZYMES IN DIFFERENT HUMAN TISSUES, THEIR GENETIC-CONTROL AND INTRACELLULAR-LOCALIZATION, HUMAN HEREDITY 23: 338 (1973).
BERG, K, ANN REV GENET 2: 341 (1968).
BLACK, J.A., AMINO-ACID SEQUENCE OF ALPHA CHAINS OF HUMAN HAPTOGLOBINS, NATURE 218: 736 (1968).
BLISS, C.I., FITTING THE NEGATIVE BINOMIAL DISTRIBUTION TO BIOLOGICAL DATA - NOTE ON THE EFFICIENT FITTING OF THE NEGATIVE BINOMIAL, BIOMETRICS 9: 176 (1953).
BLUMBERG, B.S., BIOCHEMICAL POLYMORPHISMS IN ANIMALS - HAPTOGLOBINS AND TRANSFERRINS, PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY FOR EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 104: 25 (1960).
BOBROW, M, COMPARISON OF CHIMPANZEE AND HUMAN CHROMOSOMES USING GIEMSA-11 AND OTHER CHROMOSOME BANDING TECHNIQUES, CYTOGENETICS AND CELL GENETICS 12: 107 (1973).
Bourne, G. H., The Chimpanzee (1970).
BOYER, S.H., PRIMATE HEMOGLOBINS - SOME SEQUENCES AND SOME PROPOSALS CONCERNING CHARACTER OF EVOLUTION AND MUTATION, BIOCHEMICAL GENETICS 5: 405 (1971).
BOYER, S.H., PRIMATE HEMOGLOBINS - POLYMORPHISMS AND EVOLUTIONARY PATTERNS, JOURNAL OF HUMAN EVOLUTION 1: 515 (1972).
Boyer, S. H., Nature 187:1035 (1960).
BREWBAKER, J.L., ISOENZYME POLYMORPHISM IN FLOWERING PLANTS .3. GEL ELECTROPHORETIC METHODS AND APPLICATIONS, PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 21: 930 (1968).
BROWN, W.M., FEDERATION PROCEEDINGS 31: 1173 (1972).
CAVALLISFORZA, L.L., PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS MODELS AND ESTIMATION PROCEDURES, AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS 19: 233 (1967).
CLEVE, H, GROUP-SPECIFIC COMPONENT (GC) IN CHIMPANZEES, HUMAN HEREDITY 20: 438 (1970).
CORRAN, P.H., TRYPTIC PEPTIDES OF RABBIT MUSCLE TRIOSE PHOSPHATE ISOMERASE, BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 139: 1 (1974).
CRESTA, M, RIV ANTROP ROMA 47: 225 (1961).
CRONIN, J.E., PERSONAL COMMUNICATION.
Darnell, J. E., Science 181:1215 (1973).
DAVIDSON, E.H., ORGANIZATION, TRANSCRIPTION, AND REGULATION IN ANIMAL GENOME, QUARTERLY REVIEW OF BIOLOGY 48: 565 (1973).
DAVIDSON, R.G., GENETIC POLYMORPHISMS OF HUMAN MITOCHONDRIAL GLUTAMIC OXALOACETIC TRANSAMINASE, SCIENCE 169: 391 (1970).
DAYHOFF, M.O., ATLAS PROTEIN SEQUEN 5 (1972).
DEJONG, WWW, CHIMPANZEE FOETAL HAEMOGLOBIN - STRUCTURE AND HETEROGENEITY OF GAMMA CHAIN, BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 251: 217 (1971).
DEJONG, WWW, STRUCTURE OF DELTA-CHAIN OF CHIMPANZEE HAEMOGLOBIN-A2, NATURE-NEW BIOLOGY 234: 176 (1971).
Dobzhansky, T., Classification and Human Evolution: 347 (1963).
DOOLITTLE, R.F., J MOL EVOL 1: 74 (1971).
DUTRILLAUX, B, ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURE OF CHROMATIDS OF GORILLA-GORILLA - COMPARISON WITH HOMO-SAPIENS AND PAN-TROGLODYTES, HUMANGENETIK 20: 343 (1973).
ECOZCUE, J, HUMANGENETIK 18: 77 (1973).
ENGEL, W, CYTOGENETIC AND BIOCHEMICAL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN APODEMUS-SYLVATICUS AND APODEMUS-FLAVICOLLIS, POSSIBLY RESPONSIBLE FOR FAILURE TO INTERBREED, COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 44: 1165 (1973).
GIBLETT, E.R., GENETIC MARKERS HUMA (1969).
Goodman, M., Genetic variations and phylogenetic properties of protein macromolecules of chimpanzees, 6571st Aeromedical Research Laboratory Report ARLTR-68-3 (1968).
GOODMAN, M, A GEOGRAPHIC VARIATION IN SERUM TRANSFERRIN AND RED CELL PHOSPHOGLUCOMUTASE POLYMORPHISMS OF CHIMPANZEES, HUMAN BIOLOGY 41: 237 (1969).
GOODMAN, M, SERUM TRANSFERRINS IN CHIMPANZEES - INHERITANCE OF SERUM TRANSFERRINS IN CHIMPANZEES, NATURE 197: 261 (1963).
GOODMAN, M, SERUM TRANSFERRINS IN CHIMPANZEES - SERUM TRANSFERRINS IN ORANGE PARK CHIMPANZEE COLONY CLASSIFIED BY BOYER AND YOUNG SCHEME, NATURE 197: 259 (1963).
Goodman, M., Science 156:98 (1967).
GOODMAN, M, IMMUNODIFFUSION SYSTEMATICS OF PRIMATES .1. CATARRHINI, SYSTEMATIC ZOOLOGY 20: 19 (1971).
GROUCHEY, J.D., NOBEL SYMPOSIA 23: 124 (1973).
HANKE, N, QUANTITATIVE IMMUNOLOGICAL AND ELECTROPHORETIC COMPARISON OF PRIMATE LYSOZYMES, JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY 248: 2824 (1973).
HARRIS, H, JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 8: 444 (1971).
Harris, H., The Principles of Human Biochemical Genetics (1970).
HEDGECOCK, D, COPEIA: 738 (1974).
HEDRICK, P.W., NEW APPROACH TO MEASURING GENETIC SIMILARITY, EVOLUTION 25: 276 (1971).
HENDERSON, A.S., LOCALIZATION OF RDNA IN CHIMPANZEE (PAN-TROGLODYTES) CHROMOSOME COMPLEMENT, CHROMOSOMA 46: 435 (1974).
HIGHT, M.E., IMMUNOLOGICAL STUDIES OF SCIURIDAE, SYSTEMATIC ZOOLOGY 23: 12 (1974).
HOYER, B.H., EXAMINATION OF HOMINID EVOLUTION BY DNA SEQUENCE HOMOLOGY, JOURNAL OF HUMAN EVOLUTION 1: 645 (1972).
HUDGINS, P.C., COMPARISON OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE OF MYOGLOBIN OF 14 PRIMATE SPECIES, NATURE 212: 693 (1966).
HUTTON, J.R., EFFECT OF CHEMICAL MODIFICATION ON RATE OF RENATURATION OF DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID - DEAMINATED AND GLYOXALATED DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID, BIOCHEMISTRY 12: 558 (1973).
JAVID, J, STRUCTURAL MARKERS OF HAPTOGLOBIN IN MAN AND IN NONHUMAN PRIMATES, AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS 23: 496 (1971).
JONES, K. W., SYMPOSIA MEDICA HOECHST 6: 45 (1973).
KALLENBACH, N.R., EFFECT OF NON-COMPLEMENTARY NUCLEOTIDES ON RATE OF HELIX FORMATION - KINETICS OF FORMATION OF POLY (I).POLY (C,I) AND POLY (I).POLY (C,U) COMPLEXES, BIOPOLYMERS 11: 1613 (1972).
KAPLAN, J.C., ELECTROPHORETIC STUDY OF GLUTATHIONE REDUCTASE IN HUMAN ERYTHROCYTES AND LEUCOCYTES, NATURE 217: 256 (1968).
KEELE, B.B., FURTHER CHARACTERIZATION OF BOVINE SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE AND ITS ISOLATION FROM BOVINE HEART, JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY 246: 2875 (1971).
KELLERMANN, G, INVESTIGATIONS ON POPULATION GENETICS OF ALPHA1-ANTITRYPSIN POLYMORPHISM, HUMANGENETIK 10: 145 (1970).
KELLERMANN, G, ON GENETICS OF PI SERUM PROTEINS, HUMANGENETIK 10: 191 (1970).
King, M.-C., in preparation.
KING, M.C., THESIS U CALIFORNIA (1973).
KIRK, R.L., DISTRIBUTION OF RED-CELL ENZYME AND SERUM-PROTEIN GROUPS IN A POPULATION OF DANI (PIT RIVER, WEST IRIAN), HUMANGENETIK 17: 345 (1973).
KITCHIN, F.D., SERUM GROUP SPECIFIC COMPONENT IN NONHUMAN PRIMATES, AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS 17: 42 (1965).
KOEN, A.L., LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE ISOZYMES - QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE CHANGES DURING PRIMATE EVOLUTION, BIOCHEMICAL GENETICS 3: 457 (1969).
KOHNE, D.E., EVOLUTION OF PRIMATE DNA SEQUENCES, JOURNAL OF HUMAN EVOLUTION 1: 627 (1972).
KOHNE, D.E., QUART REV BIOPHYS 3: 327 (1970).
KOMPF, J, TRANSSPECIFIC VARIABILITY OF GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE (E.C.1.1.1.49) IN PRIMATES, HUMANGENETIK 11: 342 (1971).
KOMPF, J, TRANSSPECIFIC VARIABILITY OF GLUTAMIC OXALOACETIC TRANSAMINASE (EC 2611) IN PRIMATES, HUMANGENETIK 13: 72 (1971).
KURCZYNSKI, T.W., GENERALIZED DISTANCE AND DISCRETE VARIABLES, BIOMETRICS 26: 525 (1970).
LAIRD, C.D., DNA OF DROSOPHILA CHROMOSOMES, ANNUAL REVIEW OF GENETICS 7: 177 (1973).
LAIRD, C.D., RATE OF FIXATION OF NUCLEOTIDE SUBSTITUTIONS IN EVOLUTION, NATURE 224: 149 (1969).
LANGE, V, FOLIA PRIMATOLOGICA 1: 208 (1963).
LEE, B, INTERPRETATION OF PROTEIN STRUCTURES - ESTIMATION OF STATIC ACCESSIBILITY, JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 55: 379 (1971).
LEWIS, WHP, COMMON POLYMORPHISM OF PEPTIDASE - ELECTROPHORETIC VARIANTS ASSOCIATED WITH QUANTITATIVE VARIATION OF RED-CELL LEVELS, ANNALS OF HUMAN GENETICS 36: 267 (1973).
LI, S.L., NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE DIVERGENCE IN ALPHA-CHAIN-STRUCTURAL GENES OF TRYPTOPHAN SYNTHETASE FROM ESCHERICHIA-COLI, SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM, AND AEROBACTER-AEROGENES, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 70: 1112 (1973).
LI, Y.T., ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ALPHA1-ACID GLYCOPROTEIN FROM CHIMPANZEE PLASMA, JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY 245: 825 (1970).
LIN, C.C., COMPARISON OF FLUORESCENT KARYO-TYPES OF CHIMPANZEE (PAN-TROGLODYTES) AND MAN, JOURNAL OF HUMAN EVOLUTION 2: 311 (1973).
LONG, W.K., GLUTATHIONE REDUCTASE IN RED BLOOD CELLS - VARIANT ASSOCIATED WITH GOUT, SCIENCE 155: 712 (1967).
MAKELA, O, ELECTROPHORETIC PATTERNS OF HAPTOGLOBINS IN APES, NATURE 185: 852 (1960).
MARSHALL, W.E., STRUCTURE OF GLYCOPROTEINS .2. SEPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF POLYMORPHIC VARIANTS OF ALPHA1-ACID GLYCOPROTEIN OF HUMAN SERUM, JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY 241: 4731 (1966).
MATSUBARA, H, AMINO ACID SEQUENCE OF HUMAN HEART CYTOCHROME C, JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY 237: 3575 (1962).
Maxson, L. R., Systematic Zoology 24: 1 (1975).
MAXSON, L.R., CONVERGENT MORPHOLOGICAL EVOLUTION DETECTED BY STUDYING PROTEINS OF TREE FROGS IN HYLA EXIMIA SPECIES GROUP, SCIENCE 185: 66 (1974).
Mayr, E., Classification and Human Evolution: 332 (1963).
MOHAGHEGHPOUR, N, AN IMMUNOLOGIC STUDY OF RELATIONSHIPS OF NON-HUMAN PRIMATES TO MAN, COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 31: 437 (1969).
MORTON, N.E., HUMAN POPULATION STRUCTURE, ANNUAL REVIEW OF GENETICS 3: 53 (1969).
NEI, M, AM J HUM GENET 26: 431 (1974).
NEI, M, GENE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN CAUCASIAN, NEGRO, AND JAPANESE POPULATIONS, SCIENCE 177: 434 (1972).
NONNO, L, SEROLOGIC COMPARISONS OF CARBONIC ANHYDRASES OF PRIMATE ERYTHROCYTES, ARCHIVES OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS 136: 361 (1970).
NUTTALL, GHF, BLOOD IMMUNITY BLOOD (1904).
OHNO, S, ARGUMENT FOR GENETIC SIMPLICITY OF MAN AND OTHER MAMMALS, JOURNAL OF HUMAN EVOLUTION 1: 651 (1972).
PALMOUR, R, PERSONAL COMMUNICATION.
PARKER, W.C., HAPTOGLOBIN AND TRANSFERRIN VARIATION IN HUMANS AND PRIMATES - 2 NEW TRANSFERRINS IN CHINESE AND JAPANESE POPULATIONS, ANNALS OF HUMAN GENETICS 25: 227 (1961).
PLANAS, J, HAPTOGLOBINS IN CHIMPANZEES AND GORILLAS, FOLIA PRIMATOLOGICA 13: 177 (1970).
POVEY, S, GENETICS OF PEPTIDASE C IN MAN, ANNALS OF HUMAN GENETICS 35: 455 (1972).
PRAGER, E.M., DEPENDENCE OF IMMUNOLOGICAL CROSS-REACTIVITY UPON SEQUENCE RESEMBLANCE AMONG LYSOZYMES .1. MICRO-COMPLEMENT FIXATION STUDIES, JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY 246: 5978 (1971).
PRAGER, E.M., DEPENDENCE OF IMMUNOLOGICAL CROSS-REACTIVITY UPON SEQUENCE RESEMBLANCE AMONG LYSOZYMES .2. COMPARISON OF PRECIPITIN AND MICRO-COMPLEMENT FIXATION RESULTS, JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY 246: 7010 (1971).
PRAGER, E.M., SLOW EVOLUTIONARY LOSS OF POTENTIAL FOR INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDIZATION IN BIRDS - MANIFESTATION OF SLOW REGULATORY EVOLUTION, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 72: 200 (1975).
PRAKASH, S, A MOLECULAR APPROACH TO STUDY OF GENIC HETEROZYGOSITY IN NATURAL POPULATIONS .4. PATTERNS OF GENIC VARIATION IN CENTRAL, MARGINAL AND ISOLATED POPULATIONS OF DROSOPHILA PSEUDOOBSCURA, GENETICS 61: 841 (1969).
RICE, N.R., BROOKHAVEN SYMPOSIUM IN BIOLOGY 23: 44 (1972).
RICHMOND, R.C., ENZYME VARIABILITY IN DROSOPHILA-WILLISTONI GROUP .3. AMOUNTS OF VARIABILITY IN SUPERSPECIES, D-PAULISTORUM, GENETICS 70: 87 (1972).
RIFKIN, D, CHARACTERIZATION OF TRYPTIC PEPTIDES FROM HEMOGLOBIN OF CHIMPANZEE (PAN TROGLODYTES), BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 104: 457 (1965).
ROBERTSON, H.D., EXTENT OF VARIATION IN 3 RELATED BACTERIOPHAGE RNA MOLECULES, JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 68: 417 (1972).
ROGERS, J. S., Studies in Genetics, UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS PUBLICATION 7213 7: 145 (1972).
ROMEROHERRERA, A.E., BIOCH BIOPHYS ACTA 278: 62 (1972).
RUBINSON, H, NEW ISOENZYME OF TRIOSE PHOSPHATE ISOMERASE SPECIFIC TO HOMINOIDS, JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EVOLUTION 2: 243 (1973).
SARICH, NATURE 245: 218 (1973).
SARICH, V.M., OLD WORLD MONKEYS EV: 175 (1970).
SARICH, V.M., RATES OF ALBUMIN EVOLUTION IN PRIMATES, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 58: 142 (1967).
SARICH, V.M., IMMUNOLOGICAL TIME SCALE FOR HOMINID EVOLUTION, SCIENCE 158: 1200 (1967).
SARICH, V.M., PINNIPED ORIGINS AND RATE OF EVOLUTION OF CARNIVORE ALBUMINS, SYSTEMATIC ZOOLOGY 18: 286 (1969).
SARICH, V.M., PINNIPED PHYLOGENY, SYSTEMATIC ZOOLOGY 18: 416 (1969).
SCHIFF, R, BIOCHEMICAL GENETICS OF RABBIT ERYTHROCYTE ESTERASES - 2 NEW ESTERASE LOCI, BIOCHEMICAL GENETICS 4: 11 (1970).
SCHMITT, J, RED CELL ENZYMES OF PONGIDAE, HUMANGENETIK 10: 138 (1970).
SCHMITT, J, TRANSSPECIFIC VARIABILITY OF NADH-DIAPHORASES IN PRIMATES, HUMANGENETIK 11: 95 (1971).
SCHMITT, J, RED CELL ENZYMES OF PRIMATES - ADENYLATE KINASE - EC-2.7.4.3, HUMANGENETIK 11: 100 (1971).
SCHULTZE, H.E., MOLECULAR BIOLOGY HU 1 (1966).
SELANDER, R.K., ANNU REV ECOL SYST 4: 75 (1973).
SELANDER, R.K., GENETIC VARIATION IN HORSESHOE CRAB (LIMULUS-POLYPHEMUS), A PHYLOGENETIC RELIC, EVOLUTION 24: 402 (1970).
SELANDER, R.K., GENIC AND CHROMOSOMAL DIFFERENTIATION IN POCKET GOPHERS OF GEOMYS-BURSARIUS GROUP, EVOLUTION 28: 557 (1974).
SELANDER, R.K., PERSONAL COMMUNICATION.
SHAW, C.R., HOW MANY GENES EVOLVE, BIOCHEMICAL GENETICS 4: 275 (1970).
SHAW, C.R., STARCH GEL ELECTROPHORESIS OF ENZYMES - A COMPILATION OF RECIPES, BIOCHEMICAL GENETICS 4: 297 (1970).
SHIM, B.S., DISTRIBUTION OF HAPTOGLOBIN SUBTYPES IN VARIOUS POPULATIONS INCLUDING SUBTYPE PATTERNS IN SOME NONHUMAN PRIMATES, AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS 16: 477 (1964).
SHOKEIR, MHK, 2 NEW CERULOPLASMIN VARIANTS IN NEGROES - DATA ON 3 POPULATIONS, BIOCHEMICAL GENETICS 4: 517 (1970).
SIMONS, E.L., PRIMATE EVOLUTION (1972).
Simpson, G.G., Classification and Human Evolution (1963).
SIMPSON, G.G., PRINCIPLES ANIMAL TA (1961).
SOKAL, R.R., PRINCIPLES NUMERICAL (1973).
STEINMAN, H.M., SEQUENCE HOMOLOGIES AMONG BACTERIAL AND MITOCHONDRIAL SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASES, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 70: 3725 (1973).
STOLLAR, D, METHODS ENZYMOLOGY 6: 928 (1967).
TARIVERDIAN, G, HUMANGENETIK 11: 75 (1971).
TARIVERDIAN, G.H., TRANSSPECIFIC VARIABILITY OF 6-PHOSPHOGLUCONATE DEHYDROGENASE IN PRIMATES, HUMANGENETIK 11: 323 (1971).
TARIVERDIAN, G, TRANSSPECIFIC VARIABILITY OF NAD-MALATE DEHYDROGENASE IN PRIMATES, HUMANGENETIK 11: 339 (1971).
TARIVERDIAN, G, TRANSSPECIFIC VARIABILITY OF PHOSPHOHEXOSE ISOMERASE (E.C-5.3.1.9) IN PRIMATES, HUMANGENETIK 12: 105 (1971).
TARNOKY, A.L., 8 TYPES OF BISALBUMINAEMIA, NATURE 225: 742 (1970).
TASHIAN, R.E., GENETIC VARIATION AND EVOLUTION OF CARBOXYLIC ESTERASES AND CARBONIC ANHYDRASES OF PRIMATE ERYTHROCYTES, AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS 17: 257 (1965).
THOMAS, C.A., REGULATION TRANSCRIP (1973).
ULLMAN, J.S., RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MISMATCHED BASE PAIRS AND THERMAL-STABILITY OF DNA DUPLEXES .2. EFFECTS OF DEAMINATION OF CYTOSINE, BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 294: 416 (1973).
UZZELL, T, FITTING DISCRETE PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS TO EVOLUTIONARY EVENTS, SCIENCE 172: 1089 (1971).
VANVALEN, L, A CLASSIFICATION OF PRIMATES, AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 30: 295 (1969).
WALLACE, B, STRUCTURE OF GENE CONTROL REGIONS, GENETICS 77: 541 (1974).
WALLACE, D.G., ALBUMIN EVOLUTION IN FROGS - TEST OF EVOLUTIONARY CLOCK HYPOTHESIS, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 68: 3127 (1971).
WALLACE, D.G., ALBUMIN DIFFERENCES AMONG RANID FROGS - TAXONOMIC AND PHYLOGENETIC IMPLICATIONS, SYSTEMATIC ZOOLOGY 22: 1 (1973).
WANG, A.C., EVOLUTION OF ANTIGENIC DETERMINANTS OF TRANSFERRIN AND OTHER SERUM PROTEINS IN PRIMATES, BIOCHEMICAL GENETICS 1: 347 (1968).
WARBURTON, D, KARYOTYPE OF CHIMPANZEE, PAN-TROGLODYTES, BASED ON MEASUREMENTS AND BANDING-PATTERN - COMPARISON TO HUMAN KARYOTYPE, CYTOGENETICS AND CELL GENETICS 12: 453 (1973).
Washburn, S. L., Classification and Human Evolution (1963).
Weatherall, D. J., The Thalassaemia Syndromes 2 2 (1972).
WHITE, INH, ISOENZYMES OF HUMAN ERYTHROCYTE ACID PHOSPHATASE, BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 229: 193 (1971).
WHITE, MJD, CHROMOSOMAL REARRANGEMENTS AND SPECIATION IN ANIMALS, ANNUAL REVIEW OF GENETICS 3: 75 (1969).
WILSON, A.C., A MOLECULAR TIME SCALE FOR HUMAN EVOLUTION, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 63: 1088 (1969).
Wilson, A. C., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 71: 3028 (1974).
WILSON, A.C., 2 TYPES OF MOLECULAR EVOLUTION - EVIDENCE FROM STUDIES OF INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDIZATION, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 71: 2843 (1974).
YOSHIDA, A, BIOCHEM GENET 1: 81 (1967).
YOSHIDA, A, A SINGLE AMINO ACID SUBSTITUTION (ASPARAGINE TO ASPARTIC ACID ) BETWEEN NORMAL (B+) AND COMMON NEGRO VARIANT (A+) OF HUMAN GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 57: 835 (1967).

(0)eLetters

eLetters is a forum for ongoing peer review. eLetters are not edited, proofread, or indexed, but they are screened. eLetters should provide substantive and scholarly commentary on the article. Embedded figures cannot be submitted, and we discourage the use of figures within eLetters in general. If a figure is essential, please include a link to the figure within the text of the eLetter. Please read our Terms of Service before submitting an eLetter.

Log In to Submit a Response

No eLetters have been published for this article yet.

Information & Authors

Information

Published In

Science
Volume 188 | Issue 4184
11 April 1975

Submission history

Published in print: 11 April 1975

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Authors

Affiliations

Mary-Claire King
Departments of Genetics and Biochemistry, University of California, Berkeley 94720
A. C. Wilson
Departments of Genetics and Biochemistry, University of California, Berkeley 94720

Metrics & Citations

Metrics

Article Usage

Altmetrics

Citations

Cite as

Export citation

Select the format you want to export the citation of this publication.

Cited by

  1. Vocal learning–associated convergent evolution in mammalian proteins and regulatory elements, Science, 383, 6690, (2024)./doi/10.1126/science.abn3263
    Abstract
  2. Taxon-specific, phased siRNAs underlie a speciation locus in monkeyflowers, Science, 379, 6632, (576-582), (2023)./doi/10.1126/science.adf1323
    Abstract
  3. Evolutionary constraint and innovation across hundreds of placental mammals, Science, 380, 6643, (2023)./doi/10.1126/science.abn3943
    Abstract
  4. Relating enhancer genetic variation across mammals to complex phenotypes using machine learning, Science, 380, 6643, (2023)./doi/10.1126/science.abm7993
    Abstract
  5. Epistasis between promoter activity and coding mutations shapes gene evolvability, Science Advances, 9, 5, (2023)./doi/10.1126/sciadv.add9109
    Abstract
  6. Lineage-specific accelerated sequences underlying primate evolution, Science Advances, 9, 22, (2023)./doi/10.1126/sciadv.adc9507
    Abstract
  7. Lost in translation: Molecular basis of reduced flower coloration in a self-pollinated monkeyflower (Mimulus) species, Science Advances, 8, 37, (2022)./doi/10.1126/sciadv.abo1113
    Abstract
  8. High-resolution comparative analysis of great ape genomes, Science, 360, 6393, (2021)./doi/10.1126/science.aar6343
    Abstract
  9. Decoding the evolution of species, Science, 356, 6341, (904-905), (2021)./doi/10.1126/science.aan5199
    Abstract
  10. Molecular and cellular reorganization of neural circuits in the human lineage, Science, 358, 6366, (1027-1032), (2021)./doi/10.1126/science.aan3456
    Abstract
  11. See more
Loading...

View Options

Check Access

Log in to view the full text

AAAS ID LOGIN

AAAS login provides access to Science for AAAS Members, and access to other journals in the Science family to users who have purchased individual subscriptions.

Log in via OpenAthens.
Log in via Shibboleth.

More options

Purchase digital access to this article

Download and print this article for your personal scholarly, research, and educational use.

Purchase this issue in print

Buy a single issue of Science for just $15 USD.

View options

PDF format

Download this article as a PDF file

Download PDF

Media

Figures

Multimedia

Tables

Share

Share

Share article link

Share on social media