Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Sudden Death in Athletes

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Electrical Diseases of the Heart

  • 2127 Accesses

Abstract

Competitive sports activity is associated with an increase in the risk of sudden cardiovascular death (SCD) in susceptible adolescents and young adults with clinically silent cardiovascular disorders. Screening including 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) has been demonstrated to allow identification of athletes affected by malignant heart muscle diseases at a pre-symptomatic stage and lead to substantial reduction of the risk of SCD during sports. The use of modern criteria for interpretation of the ECG in the athlete significantly improves the screening accuracy by reducing the false positive rate (increased specificity), with the important requisite of maintaining the ability for detection of life-threatening heart diseases (preserved sensitivity). Screening including ECG has a more favorable cost-benefit ratio than that based on history and physical examination alone, with cost estimates per year of life saved below the threshold to consider a health intervention as cost-effective. Screening with exercise testing middle aged/senior athletes engaged in leisure sports activity is likely to be cost-effective in older patients with coronary risk factors, while it is not justified in low-risk subgroups.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 109.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 139.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Fletcher GF, Balady G, Blair SN, Blumenthal J, Caspersen C, Chaitman B, et al. Statement on exercise: benefits and recommendations for physical activity programs for all Americans. A statement for health professionals by the Committee on Exercise and Cardiac Rehabilitation of the Council on Clinical Cardiology, American Heart Association. Circulation. 1996;94:857–62.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Thompson PD, Franklin BA, Balady GJ, Blair SN, Corrado D, Estes III NA, et al. Exercise and acute cardiovascular events placing the risks into perspective: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism and the Council on Clinical Cardiology. Circulation. 2007;115:2358–68.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Maron BJ. The paradox of exercise. N Engl J Med. 2000;343:1409–11.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Thompson PD, Funk EJ, Carleton RA, Sturner WQ. Incidence of death during jogging in Rhode Island from 1975 through 1980. JAMA. 1982;247:2535–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Siscovick DS, Weiss NS, Fletcher RH, Lasky T. The incidence of primary cardiac arrest during vigorous exercise. N Engl J Med. 1984;311:874–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Maron BJ, Chaitman BR, Ackerman MJ, Bayés de Luna A, Corrado D, Crosson JE, et al. Recommendations for physical activity and ­recreational sports participation for young patients with genetic cardiovascular diseases. Circulation. 2004;109:2807–16. 1.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Maron BJ, Roberts WC, McAllister MA, et al. Sudden death in young athletes. Circulation. 1980;62:218–29.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Corrado D, Thiene G, Nava A, Pennelli N, Rossi L. Sudden death in young competitive athletes: clinico-pathologic correlations in 22 cases. Am J Med. 1990;89:588–96.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Maron BJ. Sudden death in young athletes. N Engl J Med. 2003;349:1064–75.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Corrado D, Basso C, Thiene G. Assay sudden death in young athletes. Lancet. 2005;366 Suppl 1:S47–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Virmani R. Plaque rupture and sudden death related to exertion in men with coronary artery disease. JAMA. 1999;281:921–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Giri S, Thompson PD, Kiernan FJ, Clive J, Fram DB, Mitchel JF, et al. Clinical and angiographic characteristics of exertion-related acute myocardial infarction. JAMA. 1999;282:1731–6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Corrado D, Schmied C, Basso C, Borjesson M, Schiavon M, Pelliccia A, et al. Risk of sports: do we need a pre-participation screening for competitive and leisure athlete? Eur Heart J. 2011;32:934–44.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Burke AP, Farb A, Virmani R, et al. Sports-related and non-sports-related sudden cardiac death in young adults. Am Heart J. 1991;121:568–75.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Corrado D, Basso C, Schiavon M, et al. Screening for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in young athletes. N Engl J Med. 1998;339:364–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Corrado D, Thiene G, Cocco P, Frescura C. Nonatherosclerotic coronary artery disease and sudden death in the young. Br Heart J. 1992;68:601–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Basso C, Frescura C, Corrado D, et al. Congenital heart disease and sudden death in the young. Hum Pathol. 1995;26:1065–72.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Corrado D, Basso C, Thiene G, et al. Spectrum of clinicopathologic manifestations of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy/dysplasia: a multicenter study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1997;30:1512–20.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Basso C, Maron BJ, Corrado D, Thiene G. Clinical profile of congenital coronary artery anomalies with origin from the wrong aortic sinus leading to sudden death in young competitive athletes. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2000;35:1493–501.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Basso C, Thiene G, Corrado D, Buja GF, Melacini P, Nava A. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: pathologic evidence of ischemic damage in young sudden death victims. Hum Pathol. 2000;31:988–98.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Basso C, Corrado D, Rossi L, Thiene G. Ventricular preexcitation in children and young adults: atrial myocarditis as a possible trigger of sudden death. Circulation. 2001;103:269–75.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Corrado D, Basso C, Buja G, Nava A, Rossi L, Thiene G. Right bundle branch block, right precordial ST segment elevation, and sudden death in young people. Circulation. 2001;103:710–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Corrado D, Basso C, Thiene G. Sudden cardiac death in young people with apparently normal heart. Cardiovasc Res. 2001;50:399–408.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Corrado D, Pelliccia A, Antzelevitch C, Leoni L, Schiavon M, Buja G, et al. ST segment elevation and sudden death in the athlete. In: Antzelevitch C, editor. The Brugada syndrome: from bench to bedside. Oxford: Blackwell Futura; 2005. p. 119–29.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  25. Corrado D, Migliore F, Basso C, Thiene G. Exercise and the risk of sudden cardiac death. Herz. 2006;31:553–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Corrado D, Basso C, Rizzoli G, Schiavon M, Thiene G. Does sports activity enhance the risk of sudden death in adolescents and young adults? J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003;42:1959–63.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Maron BJ, Doorer JJ, Haas TS, Tierney DM, Mueller FO. Sudden deaths in young competitive athlete: analysis of 1866 deaths in the United States. 1980–2006. Circulation. 2009;119:1085–92.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Corrado D, Basso C, Pavei A, Michieli P, Schiavon M, Thiene G. Trends in sudden cardiovascular death in young competitive athletes after implementation of a preparticipation screening program. JAMA. 2006;296:1593–601.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Drezner Harmon KG, Asif IM, Klossner D, Drezzner JA. Incidence of SCD in national collegiate athletic association athletes. Circulation. 2011;19:1594–600.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Corrado D, Drezner J, Basso C, Pelliccia A, Thiene G. Strategies for the prevention of sudden death during sports. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil. 2011;18:197–208.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Maron BJ, Zipes DP. 36th Bethesda Conference: recommendations for determining eligibility for competition in athletes with cardiovascular abnormalities. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005;45:1373–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Glover DW, Maron BJ. Profile of preparticipation cardiovascular screening for high school athletes. JAMA. 1998;279:1817–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Corrado D, Pelliccia A, Bjornstad HH, Vanhees L, Biffi A, Borjesson M, et al. Cardiovascular pre-participation screening of young competitive athletes for prevention of sudden death: proposal for a common European protocol. Consensus Statement of the Study Group of Sport Cardiology of the Working Group of Cardiac Rehabilitation and Exercise Physiology and the Working Group of Myocardial and Pericardial Diseases of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur Heart J. 2005;26:516–24.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Corrado D, Basso C, Schiavon M, Pelliccia A, Thiene G. Pre-participation screening of young competitive athletes for prevention of sudden cardiac death. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008;52:1981–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Pelliccia A, Di Paolo FM, Corrado D, Buccolieri C, Quattrini FM, Pisicchio C, et al. Evidence for efficacy of the Italian National preparticipation screening programme for identification of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in competitive athletes. Eur Heart J. 2006;27:2196–200.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Huston TP, Puffer JC, Rodney WM. The athletic heart syndrome. N Engl J Med. 1985;313(1):24–32.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Fagard R. Athlete’s heart. Heart. 2003;89:1455–61.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Corrado D, Basso C, Pelliccia A, Thiene G. Sports and heart disease. In: Camm J, Luscher TF, Serruys PW, editors. The ESC textbook of cardiovascular medicine. New York: Oxford University Press; 2009. p. 1215–37.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  39. Foote CB, Michaud GF. The athlete’s electrocardiogram: distinguishing normal from abnormal. In: Estes NAM, Salem DN, Wang PJ, editors. Sudden cardiac death in the athlete. Armonk: Futura Publishing; 1998. p. 101–13.

    Google Scholar 

  40. Wu J, Stork TL, Perron AD, Brady WJ. The athlete’s electrocardiogram. Am J Emerg Med. 2006;24:77–86.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Holly RG, Shaffrath JD, Amsterdam EA. Electrocardiographic alterations associated with the hearts of athletes. Sports Med. 1998;25:139–48.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Sharma S, Whyte G, Elliott P, Padula M, Kaushal R, Mahon N, et al. Electrocardiographic changes in 1000 highly trained junior elite athletes. Br J Sports Med. 1999;33:319–24.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Corrado D, Pelliccia A, Heidbuchel H, Sharma S, Link M, Basso C, et al. On behalf of the Sections of Sports Cardiology of the European Association of Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation of the European Society of Cardiology. Recommen­dations for interpretation of 12-lead electrocardiogram in the athlete. Eur Heart J. 2010;31:243–59.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Pelliccia A, Maron BJ, Culasso F, Di Paolo FM, Spataro A, Biffi A, et al. Clinical significance of abnormal electrocardiographic patterns in trained athletes. Circulation. 2000;102:278–84.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Baggish AL, Hutter Jr AM, Wang F, Yared K, Weiner RB, Kupperman E, et al. Cardiovascular screening in college athletes with and without electrocardiography. A cross-sectional study. Ann Intern Med. 2010;152:269–75.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Weiner RB, Hutter AM, Wang F, et al. Performance of the 2010 European Society of Cardiology criteria for ECG interpretation in the athlete. Heart. 2011;97:1573–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Thompson PD, Levine BD. Protecting athletes from sudden cardiac death. JAMA. 2006;296:1648–50.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Migliore F, Zorzi A, Basso C, Schiavon M, Thiene G, Corrado D. Cost-benefit analysis of pre-participation screening: how much is an athlete’s life? Circulation. 2011;124:A15483.

    Google Scholar 

  49. Tanaka Y, Yoshinaga M, Anan R, Tanaka Y, Nomura Y, Oku S, et al. Usefulness and cost effectiveness of cardiovascular screening of young adolescents. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2006;38:2–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Wheeler MT, Heidenreich PA, Froelicher VF, Hlatky MA, Ashley EA. Cost-effectiveness of preparticipation screening for prevention of sudden cardiac death in young athletes. Ann Intern Med. 2010;152:276–86.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Myerburg RJ, Vetter VL. Electrocardiograms should be included in preparticipation screening of athletes. Circulation. 2007;116:2616–26.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Fuller CM. Cost-effectiveness analysis of screening of high school athletes for risk of sudden cardiac death. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2000;32:887–90.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Daviglus ML, Liao Y, Greenland P, Dyer AR, Liu K, Xie X, et al. Association of nonspecific minor ST-T abnormalities with cardiovascular mortality: the Chicago Western Electric Study. JAMA. 1999;281:530–6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. De Bacquer D, De Backer G, Kornitzer M, Myny K, Doyen Z, Blackburn H. Prognostic value of ischemic electrocardiographic findings for cardiovascular mortality in men and women. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1998;32:680–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Coronary artery surgery study (CASS): a randomized trial of coronary artery bypass surgery. Survival data. Circulation. 1983;68:939–50.

    Google Scholar 

  56. Rose G, Baxter PJ, Reid DD, McCartney P. Prevalence and prognosis of electrocardiographic findings in middle-aged men. Br Heart J. 1978;40:636–43.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Siscovick DS, Ekelund LG, Johnson JL, Truong Y, Adler A. Sensitivity of exercise electrocardiography for acute cardiac events during moderate and strenuous physical activity. The Lipid Research Clinics Coronary Primary Prevention Trial. Arch Intern Med. 1991;151:325–30.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Gibbons LW, Mitchell TL, Wei M, Blair SN, Cooper KH. Maximal exercise test as a predictor of risk for mortality from coronary heart disease in asymptomatic men. Am J Cardiol. 2000;86:53–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Laukkanen JA, Kurl S, Lakka TA, Tuomainen TP, Rauramaa R, Salonen R, et al. Exercise-induced silent myocardial ischemia and coronary morbidity and mortality in middle-aged men. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2001;38:72–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Gianrossi R, Detrano R, Mulvihill D, Lehmann K, Dubach P, Colombo A, et al. Exercise-induced ST depression in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease. A meta-analysis. Circulation. 1998;80:87–98.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  61. Froelicher VF, Lehmann KG, Thomas R, Goldman S, Morrison D, Edson R, et al. The electrocardiographic exercise test in a population with reduced workup bias: diagnostic performance, computerized interpretation, and multivariable prediction. Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study in Health Services #016 (QUEXTA) Study Group. Quantitative Exercise Testing and Angiography. Ann Intern Med. 1998;128:956–74.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  62. Okin PM, Grandits G, Rautaharju PM, Prineas RJ, Cohen JD, Crow RS, et al. Prognostic value of heart rate adjustment of exercise-induced ST segment depression in the multiple risk factor intervention trial. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1996;27:1437–43.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Kodama S, Saito K, Tanaka S, Maki M, Yachi Y, Asumi M. Cardiorespiratory fitness as quantitative predictor of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events in healthy men and women. A meta-analysis. JAMA. 2009;301:2024–35.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Albert CM, Mittleman MA, Chae CU, Lee IM, Hennekens CH, Manson JE. Triggering of sudden death from cardiac causes by vigorous exertion. N Engl J Med. 2000;343:1355–61.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Sassen B, Cornelissen VA, Kiers H, Wittink H, Kok G, Vanhees L. Physical fitness matters more than physical activity in controlling cardiovascular disease risk factors. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil. 2009;16:677–83.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Gibbons RJ, Balady GJ, Bricker JT, Chaitman BR, Fletcher GF, Froelicher VF, et al. ACC/AHA 2002 guideline update for exercise testing: summary article: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee to Update the 1997 Exercise Testing Guidelines). Circulation. 2002;106:1883–92.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. American College of Sports Medicine. Guidelines for exercise testing and prescription. 7th ed. Baltimore: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2005.

    Google Scholar 

  68. Borjesson M, Urhausen A, Kouidi E, Dugmore D, Sharma S, Halle M, et al. Cardiovascular evaluation of middle-aged/senior individuals engaged in leisure-time sport activities: position stand from the sections of exercise physiology and sports cardiology of the European Association of Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil. 2011;18:446–58.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Church TS, LaMonte MJ, Barlow CE, Blair SN. Cardiorespiratory fitness and body mass index as predictors of cardiovascular disease mortality among men with diabetes. Arch Intern Med. 2005;165:2114–20.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Weiner DA, Ryan TJ, Parsons L, Fisher LD, Chaitman BR, Sheffield LT, et al. Significance of silent myocardial ischemia during exercise testing in patients with diabetes mellitus: a report from the Coronary Artery Surgery Study (CASS) Registry. Am J Cardiol. 1991;68:729–34.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Ruffer MK, Wahid ST, McComb JM, Marshall SM. Significance of silent ischemia and microalbuminuria in predicting coronary events in asymptomatic patients with type 2 diabetes. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2002;40:56–61.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  72. Fowler-Brown A, Pignone M, Pletcher M. Exercise tolerance testing to screen for coronary heart disease: a systematic review for the technical support for the U.S. Preventive Service Task Force. Ann Intern Med. 2004;140:W9–24.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Balady GJ, Chaitman B, Driscoll D, Foster C, Froelicher E, Gordon N. AHA/ACSM scientific statement: recommendations for cardiovascular screening, staffing, and emergency policies at health/fitness facilities. Circulation. 1998;97:2283–93.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Thomas S, Reading J, Shephard RJ. Revision of the physical activity readiness questionnaire (PAR-Q). Can J Sports Sci. 1992;17:338–45.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Conroy RM, Pyorala K, Fitzgerald AP, Sans S, Menotti A, deBacker G. Estimation of ten-year risk of fatal cardiovascular disease in Europe: the SCORE project. Eur Heart J. 2003;24:987–1003.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Borjesson M, Assanelli D, Carré F, Dugmore D, Panhuyzen-Goedkoop NM, Seiler C. ESC Study Group of Sports Cardiology: recommendations for participation in leisure-time physical activity and competitive sports for patients with ischaemic heart disease. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil. 2006;13:137–49.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Perk J, Priori SG, Pyorala K, Reiner Z, Ruilope L, Sans-Menendez S, et al. European guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice: executive summary: Fourth Joint Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and Other Societies on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Clinical Practice (Constituted by representatives of nine societies and by invited experts). Eur Heart J. 2007;28:2375–414.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Corrado D, Basso C, Poletti A, et al. Sudden death in the young: is coronary thrombosis the major precipitating factor? Circulation. 1994;90:2315–23.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Caffrey SL, Willoughby PJ, Pepe PE, Becker LB. Public use of automated external defibrillators. N Engl J Med. 2002;347:1242–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Hallstrom AP, Ornato JP, Weisfeldt M, Travers A, Christenson J, McBurnie MA, et al. Public-access defibrillation and survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. N Engl J Med. 2004;351:637–46.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Page RL, Joglar JA, Kowal RC, Zagrodzky JD, Nelson LL, Ramaswamy K, et al. Use of automated external defibrillators by a U.S. airline. N Engl J Med. 2000;343:1210–6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Valenzuela TD, Roe DJ, Nichol G, Clark LL, Spaite DW, Hardman RG. Outcomes of rapid defibrillation by security officers after cardiac arrest in casinos. N Engl J Med. 2000;343:1206–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Coris EE, Miller E, Sahebzamani F. Sudden cardiac death in Division I collegiate athletics: analysis of automated external defibrillator utilization in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I athletic programs. Clin J Sport Med. 2005;15:87–91.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. Drezner JA, Rogers KJ, Zimmer RR, Sennett BJ. Use of automated external defibrillators at NCAA Division I universities. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2005;37:1487–92.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  85. Drezner JA, Rogers KJ. Sudden cardiac arrest in intercollegiate athletes: detailed analysis and outcomes of resuscitation in nine cases. Heart Rhythm. 2006;3:755–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  86. Drezner JA, Chun JS, Harmon KG, Derminer L. Survival trends in the United States following exercise related sudden cardiac arrest in the youth: 2000–2006. Heart Rhythm. 2008;5:794–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  87. Maron BJ, Shirani J, Poliac LC, Mathenge R, Boberts WC, Mueller FO. Sudden death in young competitive athletes. Clinical, demographics, and pathological profiles. JAMA. 1996;276:199–204.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Drezner J, Harmon K, Heistand J, Drezner JA, Rao AL, Heistand J, et al. Effectiveness of emergency response planning for sudden cardiac arrest in United States high schools with automated external defibrillators. Circulation. 2009;120:518–25.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  89. Bjørnstad H, Corrado D, Pelliccia A. Prevention of sudden death in young athletes: a milestone in the history of sports cardiology. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil. 2006;13:857–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  90. Oswald D, Dvorak J, Corrado D, Brenner JI, Hoogsteen J, McKenna WJ, et al. Sudden cardiovascular death in sport. Lausanne recommendations: preparticipation cardiovascular screening. http://multimedia.olympic.org/pdf/en_report_886.pdf. 2004, consulted Nov 2010.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Cardiology, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35121, Padova, Italy

    Domenico Corrado MD, PhD

  2. Division of Cardiology, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padua Medical School, Padua, Italy

    Anna Baritussio MD & Mariachiara Siciliano MD

  3. Department of Medicine, Institute of Sport Medicine and Science, Rome, Italy

    Antonio Pelliccia MD

  4. Department of Social Health, Center for Sports Medicine and Physical Activity, Azienda ULSS 16 of Padova, Padua, Italy

    Maurizio Schiavon MD

  5. Cardiovascular Pathology, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padua Medical School, Padova, Italy

    Cristina Basso MD, PhD & Gaetano Thiene MD, FRCP

  6. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Center, Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation, Minneapolis, MN, USA

    Barry J. Maron MD

Authors
  1. Domenico Corrado MD, PhD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Anna Baritussio MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Mariachiara Siciliano MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Antonio Pelliccia MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Maurizio Schiavon MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Cristina Basso MD, PhD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Barry J. Maron MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Gaetano Thiene MD, FRCP
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Domenico Corrado MD, PhD .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. , Department of Internal Medicine, UMDNJ-RWJ Medical School, Robert Wood Johnson Pl. 1, New Brunswick, 08903-0019, New Jersey, USA

    Ihor Gussak

  2. , Gordon K. Moe Scholar, Masonic Medical Research Laboratory, Bleecker Street, Utica, 13501-1787, New York, USA

    Charles Antzelevitch

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2013 Springer-Verlag London

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Corrado, D. et al. (2013). Sudden Death in Athletes. In: Gussak, I., Antzelevitch, C. (eds) Electrical Diseases of the Heart. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-4978-1_23

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-4978-1_23

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, London

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4471-4977-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4471-4978-1

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation