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Epidemiology of Pediatric Cardiac Arrest

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Pediatric and Congenital Cardiology, Cardiac Surgery and Intensive Care

Abstract

Both out-of-hospital and in-hospital pediatric cardiac arrests (CA) are all too common. Pediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) rates are 6–10 per 100,000 person-years, and only ~10% survive to hospital discharge with favorable neurologic outcomes in ~80% of survivors. Conversely, children suffering in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) in the current era have much better outcomes with 44–52% hospital discharge survival rates and >75% of survivors with favorable neurologic outcomes. Notably, 1–2% of children admitted to a PICU in the United States have an IHCA during their PICU stay. Pre-arrest characteristics, including age and preexisting chronic conditions, are associated with varying CA risk; infants and children with acquired and congenital heart disease are at higher CA risk. New data suggests that early identification of at-risk subjects, early defibrillation for shockable rhythms, provision of high-quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), and goal-directed post-resuscitation care may further improve survival and neurologic outcome. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for cardiac arrest refractory to conventional therapies can be lifesaving in select circumstances and patient populations.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Joshua Blinder, Vinay Nadkarni, Maryam Naim & Robert A. Berg

  2. Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Joseph W. Rossano

Authors
  1. Joshua Blinder
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  2. Vinay Nadkarni
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  3. Maryam Naim
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  4. Joseph W. Rossano
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  5. Robert A. Berg
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Correspondence to Robert A. Berg .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Children’s Hospital Colorado University of Colorado Denver, School of, Aurora, CO, USA

    Eduardo M. da Cruz

  2. Children's Hospital Colorado University of Colorado School of Medicin, Aurora, CO, USA

    Dunbar Ivy

  3. Department of Cardiac Surgery, German Pediatric Heart Center, Sankt Augustin, Germany

    Viktor Hraska

  4. Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Children's Hospital Colorado University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA

    James Jaggers

Section Editor information

  1. Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Robert A. Berg

  2. Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Robert A. Berg

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Blinder, J., Nadkarni, V., Naim, M., Rossano, J.W., Berg, R.A. (2020). Epidemiology of Pediatric Cardiac Arrest. In: da Cruz, E.M., Ivy, D., Hraska, V., Jaggers, J. (eds) Pediatric and Congenital Cardiology, Cardiac Surgery and Intensive Care. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-4999-6_58-2

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