Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Die sportkardiologische Untersuchung und klinische Konsequenzen – Das EKG

  • Chapter
Sportkardiologie

Zusammenfassung

Die Sportkardiologie befasst sich mit den Auswirkungen regelmäßiger körperlicher Aktivität auf das kardiovaskuläre System. Zur Beurteilung relevanter Veränderungen sind sowohl umfangreiche Kenntnisse in der Kardiologie als auch der Leistungsphysiologie bzw. der Sportpraxis notwendig. Die Sportkardiologie steht damit in enger Beziehungen zur Kardiologie und Sportmedizin. Physiologische asymptomatische EKG-Veränderungen von Sportlern, die Anpassungsmechanismen an regelmäßiges Training darstellen, sind von potentiell zu manchmal sportassoziierten letalen Ereignissen wie dem plötzlichen Herztod führenden Veränderungen abzugrenzen. Screening-Programme haben das Ziel Sportler mit einer unbekannten oder asymptomatischen kardiovaskulären Erkrankung zu identifizieren. Dies gilt sowohl für Spitzensportler (Kompetitiv-Athleten) als auch für Hobby- bzw. Gelegenheitsathleten.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 59.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Literatur

  1. Corrado D, Basso C, Schiavon M, Thiene G (1998) Screening for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in young athletes. N Engl J Med 339:364–369

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Corrado D, Basso C, Pavei A, Michieli P, Schiavon M, Thiene G (2006) Trends in sudden cardiovascular death in young competitive athletes after implementation of a preparticipation screening program. JAMA 296: 1593–1601

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Pelliccia A, Maron BJ, Culasso F, Di Paolo FM, Spataro A, Biffi A, Caselli G, Piovano P (2000) Clinical significance of abnormal electrocardiographic patterns in trained athletes. Circulation 102:278–284

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Pelliccia A, Culasso F, Di Paolo F, Accettura D, Cantore R, Castagna W, Ciacciarelli A, Costini G, Cuffari B, Drago E, Federici V, Gribaudo CG, Iacovelli G, Landolfi L, Menichetti G, Atzeni UO, Parisi A, Pizzi AR, Rosa M, Santelli F, Santilio F, Vagnini A, Casasco M, Di Luigi L (2007) Prevalence of abnormal electrocardiograms in a large, unselected population undergoing preparticipation cardiovascular screening. Eur Heart J 28:2006–2010

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Corrado D, Pelliccia A, Bjørnstad HH, Vanhees L, Biffi A, Borjesson M, Panhuyzen-Goedkoop N, Deligiannis A, Solberg E, Dugmore D, Mellwig KP, Assanelli D, Delise P, van-Buuren F, Anastasakis A, Heidbuchel H, Hoffmann E, Fagard R, Priori SG, Basso C, Arbustini E, Blomstrom-Lundqvist C, McKenna WJ, Thiene G (2005) Study Group of Sport Cardiology of the Working Group of Cardiac Rehabilitation and Exercise Physiology and the Working Group of Myocardial and Pericardial Diseases of the European Society of Cardiology. Cardiovascular pre-participation screening of young competitive athletes for prevention of sudden death: proposal for a common European protocol. Consensus Statement of the Study Group of Sport Cardiology of the Working Group of Cardiac Rehabilitation and Exercise Physiology and the Working Group of Myocardial and Pericardial Diseases of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur Heart J 26:516–524

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Borjesson M, Urhausen A, Kouidi E, Dugmore D, Sharma S, Halle M, Heidbüchel H, Björnstad HH, Gielen S, Mezzani A, Corrado D, Pelliccia A, Vanhees (2011) Cardiovascular evaluation of middle-aged/ senior individuals engaged in leisure-time sport activities: position stand from the sections of exercise physiology and sports cardiology of the European Association of Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil 18:446–458

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Corrado D, Basso C, Tiene G (2013) Pros and cons of screening for sudden cardiac death in sports. Heart 99:1365–1373

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Maron BJ, Doerer JJ, Haas TS, Tierney DM, Mueller FO (2009) Sudden Deaths in Young Competitive Athletes: Analysis of 1866 Deaths in the United States, 1980 -2006. Circulation 119:1085–1092

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Maron BJ, Thompson PD, Ackerman MJ, Balady G, Berger S, Cohen D, Dimeff R, Douglas PS, Glover DW, Hutter AM Jr, Krauss MD, Maron MS, Mitten MJ, Roberts WO, Puffer JC (2007) American Heart Association Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism. Recommendations and considerations related to preparticipation screening for cardiovascular abnormalities in competitive athletes: 2007 update: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism: endorsed by the American College of Cardiology Foundation. Circulation 115:1643–1455

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Mont L (2010) Arrhythmias and sport practice. Heart 96:398–405

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Walker J, Calkins H, Nazarian S (2010) Evaluation of cardiac arrhythmia among athletes. Am J Med 123: 1075–1081

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  12. Marijon E, Tafflet M, Celermajer DS, Dumas F, Perier MC, Mustafic H, Toussaint JF, Desnos M, Rieu M, Benameur N, Le Heuzey JY, Empana JP, Jouven X (2011) Sports-Related Sudden Death in the General Population. Circulation 124:672–681

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Berdowski J, de Beus MF, Blom M, Bardai A, Bots ML, Doevendans PA, Grobbee DE, Tan HL, Tijssen JGP, Koster RW, Mosterd A (2013) Exercise-related out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in the general population: incidence and prognosis. Eur Heart J 34:3616–3623

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Corrado D, Schmied C, Basso C, Borjesson M, Schiavon M, Pelliccia A, Vanhees L, Tiene G (2011) Risk of sports: do we need a pre-participation screening for competitive and leisure athletes? Eur Heart J 32:934–944

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Corrado D, Pelliccia A, Heidbuchel H, Sharma S, Link M, Basso C, Biffi A, Buja G, Delise P, Gussac I, Anastasakis A, Borjesson M, Bjørnstad HH, Carrè F, Deligiannis A, Dugmore D, Fagard R, Hoogsteen J, Mellwig KP, Panhuyzen-Goedkoop N, Solberg E, Vanhees L, Drezner J, Estes NA 3rd, Iliceto S, Maron BJ, Peidro R, Schwartz PJ, Stein R, Thiene G, Zeppilli P, McKenna WJ (2010) Section of Sports Cardiology, European Association of Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation. Recommendations for interpretation of 12-lead electrocardiogram in the athlete. Eur Heart J 31:243–259

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Derval N, Shah A, Jaïs P (2011) Definition of Early Repolarization: A Tug of War. Circulation 124:2185–2186

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Antzelevitch C, Yan GX, Viskin S (2011) Rationale for the use of terms J-wave syndromes and early repolarization. J Am Coll Cardiol 15:1587–1590

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Junttila MJ, Sager SJ, Tikkanen JT, Anttonen O, Huikuri HV, Myerburg RJ (2012) Clinical significance of variants of J-points and J-waves: early repolarization patterns and risk. Eur Heart J 33:2639–2644

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Drezner JA, Fischbach P, Froelicher V, Marek J, Pelliccia A, Prutkin JM, Schmied CM, Sharma S, Wilson MG, Ackerman MJ, Anderson J, Ashley E, Asplund CA, Baggish AL, Börjesson M, Cannon BC, Corrado D, DiFiori JP, Harmon KG, Heidbuchel H, Owens DS, Paul S, Salerno JC, Stein R, Vetter VL (2013) Normal electrocardiographic findings: recognising physiological adaptations in athletes. Br J Sports Med 47:125–136

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Obeyesekere MN, Klein GJ, Nattel S, Leong-Sit P, Gula LJ, Skanes AC, Yee R, Krahn AD (2013) A clinical approach to early repolarization. Circulation 127:1620–1629

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Tikkanen JT, Junttila MJ, Anttonen O, Aro AL, Luttinen S, Kerola T, Sager SJ, Rissanen HA, Myerburg RJ, Reunanen A, Huikuri HV (2011) Early repolarization: electrocardiographic phenotypes associated with favorable long-term outcome. Circulation 123:2666–2673

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Pérez-Riera AR, Abreu LC, Yanowitz F, Barros RB, Femenía F, McIntyre WF, Baranchuk A (2012) »Benign« early repolarization versus malignant early abnormalities: clinical- electrocardiographic distinction and genetic basis. Cardiol J 19:337–346

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Haissaguerre M, Derval N, Sacher F, Jesel L, Deisenhofer I, de Roy L, Pasquie JL, Nogami A, Babuty D, Yli-Mayry S, De Chillou C, Scanu P, Mabo P, Matsuo S, Probst V, Le Scouarnec S, Defaye P, Schlaepfer J, Rostock T, Lacroix D, Lamaison D, Lavergne T, Aizawa Y, Englund A, Anselme F, O’Neill M, Hocini M, Lim KT, Knecht S, Veenhuyzen GD, Bordachar P, Chauvin M, Jais P, Coureau G, Chene G, Klein GJ, Clementy J (2008) Sudden cardiac arrest associated with early repolarization. N Engl J Med 358:2016–2023

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Pelliccia A, Di Paolo FM, Quattrini FM, Basso C, Culasso F, Popoli G, De Luca R, Spataro A, Biffi A, Thiene G, Maron BJ (2008) Outcomes in athletes with marked ECG repolarization abnormalities. N Engl J Med 358:152–161

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Zaidi A, Ghani S, Sheikh N, Gati S, Bastiaenen R, Madden B, Papadakis M, Raju H, Reed M, Sharma R, Behr ER, Sharma S (2013) Clinical significance of electrocardiographic right ventricular hypertrophy in athletes: comparison with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy and pulmonary hypertension. Eur Heart J 34:3649–3656

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Uberoi A, Stein R, Perez MC, Freeman J, Wheeler M, Dewey F, Peidro R, Hadley D, Drezner J, Sharma S, Pelliccia A, Corrado D, Niebauer J, Mark Estes II NA, Ashley E, Froelicher V (2011) Interpretation of the Electrocardiogram of Young Athletes. Circulation 124:746–757

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Pelliccia A, Zipes DP, Maron BJ (2008) Bethesda Conference #36 and the European Society of Cardiology Consensus Recommendations Revisited. J Am Coll Cardiol 52:1990–1996

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. La Gerche A, Schmied CM (2013) Atrial fibrillation in athletes and the interplay between exercise and health. Eur Heart J 34:3599–3602

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Calvo N, Brugada J, Sitges M, Mont L (2012) Atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter in athletes. Br J Sports Med 46:i37–i43

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Gati S, Sheikh N, Ghani S, Zaidi A, Wilson M, Raju H, Cox A, Reed M, Papadakis M, Sharma S (2013) Should axis deviation or atrial enlargement be categorised as abnormal in young athletes? The athlete's electrocardiogram: time for re-appraisal of markers of pathology. Eur Heart J 34:3641–3648

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Drezner JA, Ashley E, Baggish AL, Börjesson M, Corrado D, Owens DS, Patel A, Pelliccia A, Vetter VL, Ackerman MJ, Anderson J, Asplund CA, Cannon BC, DiFiori J, Fischbach P, Froelicher V, Harmon KG, Heidbuchel H, Marek J, Paul S, Prutkin JM, Salerno JC, Schmied CM, Sharma S, Stein R, Wilson M (2013) Abnormal electrocardiographic findings in athletes: recognising changes suggestive of cardiomyopathy. Br J Sports Med 47:137–152

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Capulzini L, Brugada P, Brugada J, Brugada R (2010) Arrhythmia and right heart disease: from genetic basis to clinical practice. Rev Esp Cardiol 63:963–983

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Nasir K, Bomma C, Tandri H, Roguin A, Dalal D, Prakasa K, Tichnell C, James C, Spevak PJ, Marcus F, Calkins H (2004) Electrocardiographic features of arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy according to disease severity: a need to broaden diagnostic criteria. Circulation 110:1527–1534

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Marcus FI, McKenna WJ, Sherrill D, Basso C, Bauce B, Bluemke DA, Calkins H, Corrado D, Cox MG, Daubert JP, Fontaine G, Gear K, Hauer R, Nava A, Picard MH, Protonotarios N, Saffitz JE, Sanborn DM, Steinberg JS, Tandri H, Thiene G, Towbin JA, Tsatsopoulou A, Wichter T, Zareba W (2010) Diagnosis of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy/dysplasia: proposed modification of the Task Force Criteria. Eur Heart J 31:806–814

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  35. Heidbuchel H, Prior DL, La Gerche A (2012) Ventricular arrhythmias associated with long-term endurance sports: what is the evidence? Br J Sports Med 46:i44–i50

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Drezner JA, Ackerman MJ, Anderson J, Ashley E, Asplund CA, Baggish AL, Börjesson M, Cannon BC, Corrado D, DiFiori JP, Fischbach P, Froelicher V, Harmon KG, Heidbuchel H, Marek J, Owens DS, Paul S, Pelliccia A, Prutkin JM, Salerno JC, Schmied CM, Sharma S, Stein R, Vetter VL, Wilson MG (2013) Electrocardiographic interpretation in athletes: the ‘Seattle criteria’. Br J Sports Med 47:122–124

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Biffi A, Pelliccia A, Verdile L, Fernando F, Spataro A, Caselli S, Santini M, Maron BJ (2002) Long-term clinical significance of frequent and complex ventricular tachyarrhythmias in trained athletes. J Am Coll Cardiol 40:446–452

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Drezner JA, Ackerman MJ, Cannon BC, Corrado D, Heidbuchel H, Prutkin JM, Salerno JC, Anderson J, Ashley E, Asplund CA, Baggish AL, Börjesson M, DiFiori JP, Fischbach P, Froelicher V, Harmon KG, Marek J, Owens DS, Paul S, Pelliccia A, Schmied CM, Sharma S, Stein R, Vetter VL, Wilson MG (2013) Abnormal electrocardiographic findings in athletes: recognising changes suggestive of primary electrical disease. Br J Sports Med 47:153–167

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Nogami A (2011) Purkinje-related arryhthmias Part I: monomorphic ventricular tachycardias. Pace 34:324–350

    Google Scholar 

  40. Rowin EJ, Maron BJ, Appelbaum E, Link MS, Ginson CM, Lesser JR, Haas TS, Udelson JE, Manning WJ, Maron MS (2012) Significance of false negative electrocardiograms in preparticipation screening of athletes for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Am J Cardiol 110:1027–1032

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. O’Mahony C, Elliott PM (2014) Prevention of sudden cardiac death in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Heart 100:254–260

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Basavarajaiah S, Wilson M, Whyte G, Shah A, Behr E, Sharma S (2007) Prevalence and significance of an isolated long QT interval in elite athletes. Eur Heart J 28: 2944–2949

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Rautaharju PM, Surawicz B, Gettes LS (2009) AHA/ACCF/ HRS Recommendations for the standardization and interpretation of the ECG: Part IV: the ST segment, T and U waves, and the QT interval. J Am Coll Cardiol 53:982–991

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Schwartz PJ, Ackerman MJ (2013) The long QT syndrome: a transatlantic clinical approach to diagnosis and therapy. Eur Heart J 34:3109–3116

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Perez Riera AR, Paixao-Almeida A, Barbosa-Barros R, Yanowitz FG, Baranchuk A, Dubner S, Palandri Chagas AC (2013) Congenital short QT syndrome: landmarks of the newest arrhtyhmogenic cardiac channelopathy. Cardiol J 20:464–471

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Brugada P, Brugada J, Roy D (2013) Brugada syndrome 1992-2012: 20 years of scientific excitement, and more. Eur Heart J 34:3610–3615

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Antzelevitch C, Brugada P, Borggrefe M, Brugada J, Brugada R, Corrado D, Gussak I, LeMarec H, Nademanee K, Perez Riera AR, Shimizu W, Schulze-Bahr E, Tan H, Wilde A (2005) Brugada syndrome: Report of the second consensus conference: Endorsed by the Heart Rhythm Society and the European Heart Rhythm Association. Circulation 111:659–670

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Veerakul G, Nademanee K (2012) Brugada Syndrome – Two Decades of Progress. Circ J 76:2713–2722

    Google Scholar 

  49. van der Werf C, Wilde AA (2013) Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia: from bench to bedside. Heart 99:497–504

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. Hoffmayer KS, Machado ON, Marcus GM, Yang Y, Johnson CJ, Ermakov S, Vittinghoff E, Pandurangi U, Calkins H, Cannom D, Gear KC, Tichnell C, Park Y, Zareba W, Marcus FI, Scheinman MM (2011) Electrocardiographic comparison of ventricular arrhythmias in patients with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy and right ventricular outflow tract tachycardia. J Am Coll Cardiol 16;58(8):831–8

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Wichter T, Paul M, Breithardt G (2005) Arrhythmogene Rechtsventrikuläre Kardiomyopathie: Sportmedizinische Aspekte. Deutsche Zeitschrift für Sportmedizin 5:118–125

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. HerzReha – Herz-Kreislauf-Rehabilitationszentrum Bad Ischl, Gartenstraße 9, 4820, Bad Ischl, Österreich

    Prim. Priv. Doz. Dr. Robert Berent

Authors
  1. Prim. Priv. Doz. Dr. Robert Berent
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. FA Innere Medizin, Kardiologie, Sportmedizin Universitätsinstitut für präventive und rehabilitative Sportmedizin Forschungsinstitut für molekulare Sport- und Rehabilitationsmedizin Paracelsus Medizinische Privatuniversität Salzburg Institut für Sportmedizin des Landes Salzburg Sportmedizin, Olympiazentrums Salzburg-Rif, 5020, Salzburg, Österreich

    Josef Niebauer

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2015 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Berent, R. (2015). Die sportkardiologische Untersuchung und klinische Konsequenzen – Das EKG. In: Niebauer, J. (eds) Sportkardiologie. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-43711-7_10

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-43711-7_10

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-662-43710-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-662-43711-7

  • eBook Packages: Medicine (German Language)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation