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Plötzlicher Herztod bei Sportlern und dessen Prävention

Sudden cardiac death in athletes and its prevention

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Zusammenfassung

Sportler und insbesondere Leistungssportler sind meist junge Menschen, mit denen kein erhöhtes Gesundheitsrisiko, es sei denn für Traumata, assoziiert wird. Es kommt aber signifikant häufiger zu Fällen des plötzlichen Herztodes (PHT) in dieser Gruppe. Die Inzidenz des PTH bei Sportlern bewegt sich zwischen 0,6 und 3,0/100.000 pro Jahr. Häufig ist der PHT hier das erste Erscheinungsbild einer zugrunde liegenden kardialen Grunderkrankung. Dazu gehören strukturelle Erkrankungen wie hypertrophe Kardiomyopathie, Koronaranomalien, Myokarditis, koronare Herzerkrankung und arrhythmogene rechtsventrikuläre Kardiomyopathie, aber auch Erkrankungen ohne strukturelle Herzveränderungen wie Ionenkanalerkrankungen. Durch ein einfaches Screening können viele dieser Erkrankungen erkannt und Behandlungen oder Vorsichtsmaßnahmen eingeleitet werden.

Abstract

Athletes and especially elite athletes are predominantly young people and are not associated with high health risks, apart from traumatic injuries. Nevertheless, there is a significantly high incidence of sudden cardiac death (SCD), which ranges from 0.6 to 3.0/100,000 athletes per year. Often the SCD is the first manifestation of an underlying cardiac disease. Distinct structural cardiac disorders, such as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, coronary artery anomalies (17 %), inflammatory disorders (6 %) and arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy as well as conditions without structural cardiac abnormalities, such as primary electrical diseases (channelopathies) are important causes of sudden death. A simple screening can help to identify athletes with these diseases and allow specific therapies or precautionary measures to be initiated.

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Einhaltung ethischer Richtlinien

Interessenkonflikt. T. Tönnis, C. Tack und K.-H. Kuck geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Kardiologie, Asklepios Klinik St. Georg, Lohmühlenstr. 5, 20099, Hamburg, Deutschland

    T. Tönnis & K.-H. Kuck

  2. Herzpraxis Lübeck, Lübeck, Deutschland

    C. Tack

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  1. T. Tönnis
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Correspondence to T. Tönnis.

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Tönnis, T., Tack, C. & Kuck, KH. Plötzlicher Herztod bei Sportlern und dessen Prävention. Herz 40, 379–385 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00059-015-4225-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00059-015-4225-3

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