Die Rolle des Elektrokardiogramms (EKG) in der Prävention des plötzlichen Herztods im Sport
Abstract
Zusammenfassung: Athlet_innen haben, verglichen mit der Normalbevölkerung, ein erhöhtes Risiko, einen plötzlichen Herztod beim Sport zu erleiden. Die Mehrheit dieser Athlet_innen leidet an einer bisher unerkannten kardiologischen Erkrankung, die für einen plötzlichen Herztod prädisponiert. Da körperliche Belastung einen wesentlichen Trigger für einen plötzlichen Herztod bei entsprechender Prädisposition darstellt, kann diese zugrundeliegende, meist erbliche Prädisposition dann zu einem plötzlichen Herztod während des Sports führen. Unterschiedliche Erkrankungen sind in verschiedenen Lebensabschnitten die Hauptursache für den plötzlichen Herztod während des Sports. Jedoch stellt das Screening mittels Elektrokardiogramm (EKG) unabhängig vom Alter eine allgemein etablierte Möglichkeit dar, Athlet_innen mit einer zugrundeliegenden, potenziell mit einem Sport-assoziierten plötzlichen Herztod vergesellschafteten Erkrankung zu identifizieren. Durch die Behandlung bzw. das entsprechende sportkardiologische Management der Erkrankung kann Leben gerettet werden.
Abstract: Athletes carry a higher risk for sports-related sudden cardiac death compared to the general population. The majority of these athletes suffer from an undiagnosed heart disease. Since physical activity is an essential trigger for sudden cardiac death in individuals with undiagnosed, usually hereditary, heart disease, sports can lead to sudden cardiac death in these athletes. Different heart diseases lead to sudden cardiac death at different ages during sports. The electrocardiogram (ECG) is an important screening tool to identify individuals of all ages with heart disease that are associated with sports-related sudden cardiac death. These individuals can then be treated and lives can be saved.
Résumé: Par rapport à la population générale les athlètes présentent un risque accru de mort subite d’origine cardiaque dans le cadre de la pratique d’un sport. La majorité de ces athlètes souffrent d’une maladie cardiaque non diagnostiquée qui les prédispose à une mort subite d’origine cardiaque. L’effort physique étant un facteur déclenchant essentiel de la mort subite d’origine cardiaque en cas de prédisposition, cette prédisposition sous-jacente, généralement héréditaire, peut alors entraîner une mort subite d’origine cardiaque pendant le sport. Différentes maladies sont la principale cause de mort subite cardiaque pendant le sport à différents moments de la vie. Cependant, le dépistage par électrocardiogramme (ECG), quel que soit l’âge, est un moyen bien établi d’identifier les athlètes souffrant d’une maladie sous-jacente potentiellement associée à une mort subite d’origine sportive. Le traitement et la prise en charge de la maladie par le cardiologue du sport peuvent ensuite sauver des vies.
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