Abstract
Isolated coronary artery abnormalities (CAA) affect less than 1% of the population. However, the incidence of CAA is up to 11.8–19% of the population in individuals who experience sudden cardiac death (SCD) (Angelini, Circulation 115:1296–305, 2007; Angelini et al., Circulation 105:2449–2454, 2002; Davis et al., J Am Coll Cardiol 37:593–597, 2001; Gentile et al., Circulation 144:983–996, 2021; Oliveira et al., Open J Radiol 4:163–172, 2014). It is the second most common cause of SCD in adolescents and young adults during exertion (Maron et al. 2009). Some CAA only manifest with extreme physical effort when autonomic and endothelial factors cause vasospasm or thrombosis compromising coronary circulation. CAA can present with common cardiac signs and symptoms like ischemia, myocardial infarction, cardiomyopathy, syncope, dyspnea, or SCD. In addition, CAA can present in the context of complex congenital heart disease. Approximately, 7–10% of cases of tetralogy of Fallot and transposition of the great vessels have CAA. Rarely, pediatric patients can develop acquired coronary artery disease. This chapter will also discuss three acquired coronary diseases: Kawasaki (inflammatory), severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) related multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), and post-transplant coronary artery vasculopathy.
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Motta, P., Gottlieb, E.A., Landa, A.B. (2023). Coronary Artery Anomalies. In: Dabbagh, A., Hernandez Conte, A., Lubin, L.N. (eds) Congenital Heart Disease in Pediatric and Adult Patients. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-10442-8_35
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