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The foliar fungal endophytes of Citrus limon in Argentina

Publication: Canadian Journal of Botany
April 2005

Abstract

Fungal endophytes associated with Citrus limon (L.) Burm., were investigated. Culture of surface-sterilized leaves from two orchards of lemon trees in Tucumán, located in northwestern Argentina, revealed the presence of endophytic fungi in all leaves examined. The colonization frequencies were 69.7% and 72.3% at the two sampled sites, and a total of nine taxa were isolated. Eight of the taxa had relative frequencies of >2% in at least one sample. The number of isolates was significantly lower in the spring. The assemblage composition at each site and sampling time was similar. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Penz. & Sacc. in Penz., responsible for anthracnose, was consistently dominant. Another pathogenic fungus of Citrus spp., Guignardia citricarpa Kiely was also recovered as an endophyte. Scanning electron micrographs of cut uncultured and cultured leaf surfaces, seen in transverse section, showed intercellular fungal hyphae in parenchyma cells No penetration of host cells by either fungus was observed. This is the first report on fungal endophytes in leaves of lemon plants in Argentina.Key words: endophytic fungi, lemon, colonization, scanning electron microscopy.

Résumé

Les auteurs ont étudié les endophytes fongiques associés au Citrus limon (L.) Burm. La mise en culture de feuilles superficiellement stérélisées, provenant de deux citronniers poussant à Tucumán dans le nord-ouest de l'Argentine, révèle la présence de champignons endophytes dans toutes les feuilles examinées. Les fréquences de colonisation sont 69,7 % et 72,3 % pour les deux sites échantillonnés, avec un total de neuf taxons. Huit des neuf taxons montrent des fréquence relatives de plus de 2 %, dans au moins un des échantillons. Le Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Penz. & Sacc. in Penz., responsable de l'anthracnose, est constamment dominant. On retrouve également comme endophyte, un autre champignon pathogène des Citrus spp., le Guignardia citricarpa Kiely. Les micrographies en microcopie électronique par balayage, obtenues de surfaces foliaires en coupe transversale, en culture ou non, montrent des hyphes fongiques intercellulaires dans les cellules de parenchyme. On observe aucune pénétration de cellules hôtes, par l'un ou l'autre des champignons. Il s'agit du premier rapport sur la présence d'endophytes fongiques dans les feuilles de citronniers en Argentine.Mots clés : champignons endophytes, citron, colonisation, microscopie électronique par balayage.[Traduit par la Rédaction]

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cover image Canadian Journal of Botany
Canadian Journal of Botany
Volume 83Number 4April 2005
Pages: 350 - 355

History

Version of record online: 2 February 2011

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Rosely A Piccolo Grandi
Ágata C Hupper Giancoli

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