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Phytotoxicity and Potential Allelopathy in Pale (Cynanchum rossicum) and Black swallowwort (C. nigrum)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Cameron H. Douglass ,
Leslie A. Weston  and
David Wolfe
Cameron H. Douglass*
Affiliation:
Department of Horticulture, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
Leslie A. Weston
Affiliation:
Department of Horticulture, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
David Wolfe
Affiliation:
Department of Horticulture, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: Cameron.Douglass@colostate.edu
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Abstract

The introduced exotic vines pale and black swallowwort rapidly have become invasive throughout regions of the northeastern United States and adjoining areas of Canada. Preliminary studies have reported that the species are allelopathic, possibly contributing to their competitive ability and invasiveness. Results from our laboratory assays indicated that swallowwort root exudates caused significant root length reductions (e.g., 40% for butterfly milkweed and 20% for large crabgrass) and reduced germination (e.g., 25% for lettuce) of indicator species. Additional bioassays with dried swallowwort tissues demonstrated that tissue leachates caused varied responses in indicators, with both significant stimulatory and inhibitory effects. In particular, significant congeneric interactions were noted between the two swallowwort species. Evidence from this study of swallowwort tissue phytotoxicity has important implications for developing effective management and habitat restoration strategies for the two invasive species.

Keywords

Annual bluegrass, Poa annua L.barnyardgrass, Echinochloa crus-gallis L. P. Beauv.black swallowwort, Cynanchum nigrum (L.) Pers., non Cav.butterfly milkweed, Asclepias tuberosa L.common milkweed, Asclepias syriaca L.large crabgrass, Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.orchardgrass, Dactylis glomerata L.pale swallowwort, Cynanchum rossicum (Kleopow) Borhidilettuce, Lactuca sativa L.tomato, Solanum lycopersicum L.Allelopathyblack swallowwortinterferenceinvasive speciespale swallowwortphytotoxicity
Type
Research
Information
Invasive Plant Science and Management , Volume 4 , Issue 1 , March 2011 , pp. 133 - 141
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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References

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