Above the Fray
The Red Cross and the Making of the Humanitarian NGO Sector
9780226680248
9780226680101
9780226680385
Above the Fray
The Red Cross and the Making of the Humanitarian NGO Sector
From Lake Chad to Iraq, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) provide relief around the globe, and their scope is growing every year. Policy makers and activists often assume that humanitarian aid is best provided by these organizations, which are generally seen as impartial and neutral. In Above the Fray, Shai M. Dromi investigates why the international community overwhelmingly trusts humanitarian NGOs by looking at the historical development of their culture. With a particular focus on the Red Cross, Dromi reveals that NGOs arose because of the efforts of orthodox Calvinists, demonstrating for the first time the origins of the unusual moral culture that has supported NGOs for the past 150 years.
Drawing on archival research, Dromi traces the genesis of the Red Cross to a Calvinist movement working in mid-nineteenth-century Geneva. He shows how global humanitarian policies emerged from the Red Cross founding members’ faith that an international volunteer program not beholden to the state was the only ethical way to provide relief to victims of armed conflict. By illustrating how Calvinism shaped the humanitarian field, Dromi argues for the key role belief systems play in establishing social fields and institutions. Ultimately, Dromi shows the immeasurable social good that NGOs have achieved, but also points to their limitations and suggests that alternative models of humanitarian relief need to be considered.
Drawing on archival research, Dromi traces the genesis of the Red Cross to a Calvinist movement working in mid-nineteenth-century Geneva. He shows how global humanitarian policies emerged from the Red Cross founding members’ faith that an international volunteer program not beholden to the state was the only ethical way to provide relief to victims of armed conflict. By illustrating how Calvinism shaped the humanitarian field, Dromi argues for the key role belief systems play in establishing social fields and institutions. Ultimately, Dromi shows the immeasurable social good that NGOs have achieved, but also points to their limitations and suggests that alternative models of humanitarian relief need to be considered.
240 pages | 8 halftones | 6 x 9 | © 2020
Sociology: Formal and Complex Organizations, General Sociology, Social Change, Social Movements, Political Sociology, Social History, Social Institutions
Reviews
Table of Contents
Preface
Introduction / The Humanitarian Space
ONE / Inter Arma Caritas: The Cultural Origins of Humanitarian NGOs
TWO / The Réveil and the Founding of the Red Cross
THREE / The Spread of Humanitarian Culture Across Borders
FOUR / The Spread of Humanitarian Logics into New Domains
FIVE / Sans- Frontiérisme and the Rise of “New Humanitarianism”
Conclusion / Reconsidering the Culture of the Humanitarian Field
Acknowledgments
Appendix: Sources and methodology
Notes
Bibliography
Index
Introduction / The Humanitarian Space
ONE / Inter Arma Caritas: The Cultural Origins of Humanitarian NGOs
TWO / The Réveil and the Founding of the Red Cross
THREE / The Spread of Humanitarian Culture Across Borders
FOUR / The Spread of Humanitarian Logics into New Domains
FIVE / Sans- Frontiérisme and the Rise of “New Humanitarianism”
Conclusion / Reconsidering the Culture of the Humanitarian Field
Acknowledgments
Appendix: Sources and methodology
Notes
Bibliography
Index
Awards
ASA Section on Altruism, Morality, and Social Solidarity: Outstanding Published Book Award
Won
The Association for Research on Nonprofit Organizations and Voluntary Action (ARNOVA): Peter Dobkin Hall History of Philanthropy Prize
Won
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