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First published July 1999

Acculturation and Adaptation Revisited

Abstract

The research employed a new and recently developed instrument to examine the two dimensions (host and co-national identification) and four modes (integration, separation, marginalization, and assimilation) of acculturation and their relationship to sojourner adjustment. International aid workers in Nepal completed a questionnaire including the Acculturation Index and the assessments of psychological and sociocultural adjustment. Analyses revealed that strong co-national identification predicted enhanced psychological well-being, whereas strong host national identification was associated with better sociocultural adaptation. Acculturation styles were also related to adjustive outcomes. Sojourners who adopted an integrated style fared better psychologically than others, whereas those who assumed an assimilationist perspective experienced fewer social difficulties. The article highlights methodological issues pertaining to the measurement of acculturation and discusses the strengths and weaknesses of the use of categorical versus continuous data and mean comparisons versus correlational techniques in the analysis of the relationship among identification, acculturation, and sojourner adjustment.

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1.
1. Various terms have been used to describe acculturation responses. Berry and colleagues typically have referred to acculturation attitudes and strategies. Given the nature of our measurement, however, we prefer acculturation styles or modes. Although these are somewhat imprecise terms, they have certain advantages over attitudes and strategies. Attitudes suggests only a cognitive perspective on acculturation, but our scales include behavioral factors as well. Strategies suggests a conscious, planned, and voluntary choice; however, acculturative changes may occur on the conscious or unconscious level, with planning or spontaneously, and as voluntary or involuntary activities.
2.
2. Scores equal to or greater than the median were classified as high. This allowed retention of the entire sample and direct comparability of the analysis of variance and regression results. In both the median and scalar splits, only two cases were situated on the critical cutoffs.
3.
3. One-tailed test.
4.
4. We are indebted to Yoshi Kashima for suggesting the regression analysis.

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Article first published: July 1999
Issue published: July 1999

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Colleen Ward
National University of Singapore, [email protected]
Arzu Rana-Deuba
Samanata Institute, Kathmandu, Nepal

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