Chelating Agent Mediated Sol–Gel Synthesis for Efficient Hole Extracted Perovskite Photovoltaics
- Byung Gi Kim
Byung Gi KimSchool of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of KoreaMore by Byung Gi Kim
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- Woongsik Jang
Woongsik JangSchool of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of KoreaMore by Woongsik Jang
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- Yu Jung Park
Yu Jung ParkDepartment of Materials Physics, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of KoreaMore by Yu Jung Park
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- Ju Hwan Kang
Ju Hwan KangDepartment of Materials Physics, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of KoreaMore by Ju Hwan Kang
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- Jung Hwa Seo*
Jung Hwa Seo*Email: [email protected] (J.H.S.).Department of Materials Physics, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of KoreaMore by Jung Hwa Seo
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- Dong Hwan Wang*
Dong Hwan Wang*Email: [email protected] (D.H.W.).School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of KoreaMore by Dong Hwan Wang
Abstract
Ethylenediamine (EDA, amine-based Lewis base) was utilized as a base catalyst in the synthesis of nickel oxide (NiOx) to regulate the coordination properties of metal ions (Lewis acid). The effect of the EDA chelating agent on the hole transporting properties of NiOx was determined according to crystal field theory. The particle size in the NiOx thin film changed according to the EDA molar ratio, which influenced the electrical properties and affinity with the photoactive layer. Excellent electrical conductivity and improved crystallinity of the perovskite layer were confirmed via a conductive atomic force microscope (C-AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) analyses at the optimal EDA ratio in NiOx. In particular, UPS (reduced energy band offset) and charge dynamics data demonstrate the enhanced short circuit current, fill factor, and efficiency of the perovskite solar cells. Comprehensively, this study supports the role and effect of the EDA chelating agent in NiOx for next-generation solar cells. Moreover, it provides insight into the understanding and potential of various sol–gel materials synthesized based on crystal field theory.
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