DNA denaturation bubbles: free-energy landscape and nucleation/closure rates

J Chem Phys. 2015 Jan 21;142(3):034903. doi: 10.1063/1.4905668.

Abstract

The issue of the nucleation and slow closure mechanisms of non-superhelical stress-induced denaturation bubbles in DNA is tackled using coarse-grained MetaDynamics and Brownian simulations. A minimal mesoscopic model is used where the double helix is made of two interacting bead-spring rotating strands with a prescribed torsional modulus in the duplex state. We demonstrate that timescales for the nucleation (respectively, closure) of an approximately 10 base-pair bubble, in agreement with experiments, are associated with the crossing of a free-energy barrier of 22 kBT (respectively, 13 kBT) at room temperature T. MetaDynamics allows us to reconstruct accurately the free-energy landscape, to show that the free-energy barriers come from the difference in torsional energy between the bubble and duplex states, and thus to highlight the limiting step, a collective twisting, that controls the nucleation/closure mechanism, and to access opening time scales on the millisecond range. Contrary to small breathing bubbles, those more than 4 base-pair bubbles are of biological relevance, for example, when a pre-existing state of denaturation is required by specific DNA-binding proteins.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • DNA / chemistry*
  • Models, Chemical
  • Models, Genetic
  • Nucleic Acid Conformation
  • Nucleic Acid Denaturation*
  • Temperature

Substances

  • DNA