Abstract
Forests are characterized by many different species living together, a high biodiversity, and many kinds of relationships among them, resulting from an advanced degree of mutual adaptations along evolution. Interactions occur both at interspecific and intraspecific levels, including many different types, such as competition (for food, light, space, etc.), predation, fouling, parasitism, symbiosis, etc. Many organisms evolved to defend or protect themselves against all sort of aggressive interactions. Reactions may include chemical, physical, and/or behavioral strategies. Chemical interactions are very common in terrestrial forests, regulating many of these relationships among species. Natural products are the molecules involved in these regulations and usually consist of secondary metabolites. In marine animal forests, many interactions are regulated just the same way as in terrestrial forests, with all sorts of relationships controlled by natural compounds, but studying these ecosystems is often challenging because many species are cryptic, small, and/or rare and belong to poorly known taxonomic groups. In this chapter, the different chemical strategies commonly found in marine animal forests are reviewed, as well as how relevant they are in the structuring and functioning of these ecosystems. This chapter also shows how high biodiversity is correlated to high chemical diversity in marine animal forests.
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Acknowledgments
I wish to thank all my co-workers, who helped during many years to improve our understanding of chemically mediated interactions in the marine benthos, as well as those collaborating in the study on the taxonomy, biology, and ecology of marine benthic invertebrates. All the advances in the field made by our group would not have been possible without all their effort. Thanks are also due to Júlia and Laura Sardà-Avila for their continuous support at all times. Support was provided by BLUEBIO grant from the Spanish Government (CTM2016-78901/ANT). This is an Ant-ECO (SCAR) contribution. This work is dedicated to C. Puigdemont, J. Cuixart, C. Forcadell, J. Sànchez, D. Bassa, A. Comín, R. Romeva, J. Rull, J. Turull, O. Junqueras, J. Forn, C. Ponsati, M. Rovira, A. Gabriel, L. Puig, and M. Serret, Catalan Political Prisoners and Exiles, who are unfairly in jail or exile while I write this chapter, and to all the Catalan people for their resilience against repression.
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Avila, C. (2020). Chemical War in Marine Animal Forests: Natural Products and Chemical Interactions. In: Rossi, S., Bramanti, L. (eds) Perspectives on the Marine Animal Forests of the World. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57054-5_9
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Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-57053-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-57054-5
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)