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Revision of Hyolitha from the Ordovician of Estonia

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Abstract

Topotype specimens of the Middle OrdovicianHyolithes acutus Eichwald, 1840, which is the type of the genus that lent its name to a family, order, class, and even phylum according to some, andH. latus Eichwald, 1860 allow that genus and those species to be firmly established on a sound, morphologic basis. In addition, preservation of the types ofHyolithes striatus Eichwald, 1860 is sufficiently good to warrant reassignment toDorsolinevitus Syssoiev, 1958. In contrast, the type ofH. insularis Eichwald, 1860 is incompletely preserved, and this species is not recognizable beyond the type material. The concept of the family Hyolithidae is revised to more closely conform to the morphology ofHyolithes, with authorship herein ascribed toSyssoiev (1958) rather than toNicholson (1872). The stratigraphic distribution of these taxa suggests thatHyolithes as defined herein first appears in the Middle Ordovician, but extends into at least the Lower Devonian, as suggested by two species from the Barrandian region of the Czech Republic. Their geographic distribution further re-enforces the notion of two distinct paleobiogeographic provinces based on hyoliths, a Mediterranean province and Baltic province, with almost no mixing of hyolith faunas during the Ordovician.

Kurzfassung

Die Topotypen vonHyolithes acutus Eichwald, 1840 aus dem Mittleren Ordovizium, gleichzeitig auch Typus der Gattung, die ihren Namen an die Familie, Ordnung, Klasse und nach Meinung mancher sogar dem Stamm verliehen hat, sowie die Topotypen vonH. latus Eichwald, 1860 erlauben die Festsetzung genannter Gattung und Arten auf einer soliden morphologischen Grundlage. Zusätzlich ist die Erhaltung der Typen vonHyolithes striatus Eichwald, 1860 ausreichend um eine Neuzuordnung zuDorsolinevitus Syssoiev, 1958 zu rechtfertigen. Im Gegensatz dazu ist der Typus vonH. insularis Eichwald unvollständig erhalten, wodurch die Art im Typusmaterial nicht erkennbar ist. Das Konzept der Familie Hyolithidae wird überarbeitet um bessere Übereinstimmung mit der Morphologie vonHyolithes zu sichern, dabei wird in dieser Arbeit die Beschreibung vonSyssoiev (1958) der vonNicholson (1872) vorgezogen. Die stratigraphische Verbreitung der Taxa legt nahe, dassHyolithes, nach der Definition hier, zum ersten Mal im Mittleren Ordovizium erschien, aber wenigstens bis ins Unterdevon existierte, worauf zwei Arten aus dem Barrandium der Tschechischen Republik hinweisen. Die geographische Verbreitung unterstützt weiterhin die Unterscheidung zweier getrennter paläobiogeographischer Provinzen, einer mediterranen und einer baltischen Provinz, deren Hyolithen-Faunen sich während des Ordoviziums kaum vermischten.

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Malinky, J.M. Revision of Hyolitha from the Ordovician of Estonia. Paläontol Z 80, 88–106 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02988400

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