Irish
[aka Gaeilge, Irish Gaelic, Erse]Classification: Indo-European
·endangered
Classification: Indo-European
·endangered
Gaeilge, Irish Gaelic, Erse, Gadhelisch |
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Indo-European, Celtic, Goidelic |
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Latin |
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ISO 639-3 |
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gle |
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As csv |
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Information from: “The dialects of Irish: Study of a changing landscape” . Raymond Hickey (2011) Walter de Gruyter Mouton
"Whether all the 64,265 individuals registered by the 2006 census are native speakers of Irish is uncertain.... If for argument’s sake one subtracts about a third, because the officially specified sizes of the Gaeltacht areas are exaggerations and because not everyone, even in the core of these areas, has grown up speaking Irish as a first language, then one reaches a figure of somewhat over 40,000 for the native speakers of all Gaeltacht areas....In fact this figure may in itself be too optimistic. If one considers the number of persons in the Gaeltacht who use Irish on a daily basis outside education – 17,687 – and compares it to the population of the entire state – 3,990,863 – then one reaches a percentage figure of 0.44%. Given that the number of active native speakers is probably not higher than that of those in the Gaeltacht who use Irish on a daily basis outside education, then the percentage of active native speakers in present-day Ireland would be between around 0.5%, i.e. 20,000 or perhaps a little above that."
"Chief among the reasons for the retreat of Irish is that young people – typically teenagers – who are growing up in Irish-speaking households very often do not use Irish amongst themselves, especially if there are English-speaking coevals with them."
"Those few areas where Irish is strongest are characterised by the use of English in public domains, such as business, banking, the media, etc. Irish is, however, used for communication in the home, exclusively in some instances."
English
The present-day written standard is laid out in the Caighdeán Oifigiúil, ‘official standard’ (Government of Ireland 1958).
Information from: “Europe and North Asia” (211-282) . Tapani Salminen (2007) , C. Moseley · London & New York: Routledge
A number of children learn the language, but their number appears to be decreasing in the Irish-speaking areas.
Irish is being used widely as a second language in all parts of the Republic of Ireland as well as in Northern Ireland.
Information from: “The World Atlas of Language Structures” . Bernard Comrie and David Gil and Martin Haspelmath and Matthew S. Dryer · Oxford University Press
Information from: “Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 17th Edition (2013)” . Paul M. Lewis; Gary F. Simons; and Charles D. Fennig · Dallas, Texas: SIL International
"72,000 in Ireland (2006 census). Less than 20,000 L1 speakers (Salminen 2007). Population total all countries: 106,210."
"Widely used as L2 in all parts of the country (2007). A number of children learn the language but the number is decreasing (2007)."
Information from: “Irish Census Profile 9: What we know” .
Aged 3-18: 19,582
Aged 25-64: 41,209
Aged 65 and above: 16,367
These figures represent the Republic of Ireland and do not include the speakers in Northern Ireland.
These figures represent the number of respondents to the Irish census who reported speaking Irish on a daily basis outside of the educational system. In nearly all age groups, more women reported speaking Irish than men.
Sources |
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Isbn | Series | Month | Edition | Num | Year | Title | Booktitle | Pages | Note | Editor | Howpublished | Publisher | Journal | Volume | Address | Institution | Chapter | Translator | School | Url | Author | Free Text Citation | Copied From | Older Adults | Ethnic Population | Young Adults | Private Comment | Speaker Number Text | Date Of Info | Speaker Number | Public Comment | Semi Speakers | Elders | Second Language Speakers | Domains Other Langs | Other Languages Used | Private Comment | Government Support | Speaker Attitude | Public Comment | Institutional Support | Number Speaker Other Languages | Endangerment Level | Transmission | Private Comment | Public Comment | Domains Of Use | Speaker Number Trends | Private Comment | Public Comment | Places | Description | Coordinates |
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SOURCE: “Europe and North Asia” (211-282) . Tapani Salminen (2007) , C. Moseley · London & New York: Routledge |
SOURCE: “The World Atlas of Language Structures” . , Bernard Comrie and David Gil and Martin Haspelmath and Matthew S. Dryer · Oxford University Press |
SOURCE: “The dialects of Irish: Study of a changing landscape” . Raymond Hickey (2011) Walter de Gruyter Mouton |
2007 | Europe and North Asia | Encyclopedia of the World's Endangered Languages | 211-282 | C. Moseley | London & New York: Routledge | Tapani Salminen | Salminen, Tapani. 2007. "Europe and North Asia." In Encyclopedia of the World's Endangered Languages, edited by C. Moseley. 211-282. London & New York: Routledge. | HHOLD | <20,000 | 10000-99999 | Irish is being used widely as a second language in all parts of the Republic of Ireland as well as in Northern Ireland. | Vulnerable (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available) | A number of children learn the language, but their number appears to be decreasing in the Irish-speaking areas. | Republic of Ireland | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
0199255911 | 2005 | The World Atlas of Language Structures | Bernard Comrie and David Gil and Martin Haspelmath and Matthew S. Dryer | Oxford University Press | New York | 2005. "The World Atlas of Language Structures." edited by Bernard Comrie et al. Oxford University Press. | 52.5,-9.0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
3rd | 2010 | Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger | UNESCO Publishing | Paris | http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas | Christopher Moseley (ed.) | Moseley, Christopher (ed.). 2010. Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger, 3rd edn. http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas. (03 June, 2011.) | ll_pub | 44,000 | 10000-99999 | Vulnerable (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available) | 53.7876,-9.1845 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2011 | The dialects of Irish: Study of a changing landscape | The dialects of Irish: Study of a changing landscape | Walter de Gruyter Mouton | Berlin | Raymond Hickey | 20,000-40,000 | 2006 | 10000-99999 | "Whether all the 64,265 individuals registered by the 2006 census are native speakers of Irish is uncertain.... If for argument’s sake one subtracts about a third, because the officially specified sizes of the Gaeltacht areas are exaggerations and because not everyone, even in the core of these areas, has grown up speaking Irish as a first language, then one reaches a figure of somewhat over 40,000 for the native speakers of all Gaeltacht areas....In fact this figure may in itself be too optimistic. If one considers the number of persons in the Gaeltacht who use Irish on a daily basis outside education – 17,687 – and compares it to the population of the entire state – 3,990,863 – then one reaches a percentage figure of 0.44%. Given that the number of active native speakers is probably not higher than that of those in the Gaeltacht who use Irish on a daily basis outside education, then the percentage of active native speakers in present-day Ireland would be between around 0.5%, i.e. 20,000 or perhaps a little above that." | Government, business, in the city, social gatherings | English | Official language in Republic of Ireland, official language of the European Union as of 2007 | Compulsory school subject in Ireland, Irish-medium school in Belfast, Irish-language radio and television | Virtually all speak English | Endangered (100 percent certain, based on the evidence available) | 12 | "Chief among the reasons for the retreat of Irish is that young people – typically teenagers – who are growing up in Irish-speaking households very often do not use Irish amongst themselves, especially if there are English-speaking coevals with them." "Those few areas where Irish is strongest are characterised by the use of English in public domains, such as business, banking, the media, etc. Irish is, however, used for communication in the home, exclusively in some instances." | 12 | 14 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
17th | 2013 | Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 17th Edition (2013) | Paul M. Lewis; Gary F. Simons; and Charles D. Fennig | Dallas, Texas: SIL International | http://www.ethnologue.com Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 17th Edition (2013) | Lewis, M. Paul, Gary F. Simons, and Charles D. Fennig (eds.), 2013. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 17th edition. Dallas, Texas: SIL International. Online version: http://www.ethnologue.com. | 106,210 | 100000 | "72,000 in Ireland (2006 census). Less than 20,000 L1 speakers (Salminen 2007). Population total all countries: 106,210." | Taught as an official language in schools and encouraged by the government. | Vulnerable (60 percent certain, based on the evidence available) | 11 | "Widely used as L2 in all parts of the country (2007). A number of children learn the language but the number is decreasing (2007)." | Western isles northwest and southwest coasts; Galway, part of Mayo, Kerry, Donegal, Meath, Cork, and Waterford. Also in Canada, United Kingdom, United States. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2011 | Irish Census Profile 9: What we know | Irish Census | Dublin, Ireland | Stationery Office | http://www.cso.ie/en/media/csoie/census/documents/census2011profile9/Profile,9,What,we,know,full,doc,for,web.pdf | Irish Central Statistics Office. 2011. Irish Census, Profile 9: What we know. Dublin: Stationery Office. | Aged 65 and above: 16,367 | Aged 25-64: 41,209 | 77,185 | 2011 (census) | 10000-99999 | These figures represent the Republic of Ireland and do not include the speakers in Northern Ireland. These figures represent the number of respondents to the Irish census who reported speaking Irish on a daily basis outside of the educational system. In nearly all age groups, more women reported speaking Irish than men. | Vulnerable (60 percent certain, based on the evidence available) | 11 |