Реабилитация после инсульта

Инсульт является одной из наиболее распространенных причин неврологических нарушений у взрослых. Восстановление после инсульта, как правило, неполное,  и примерно  50% пациентов  остаются инвалидами, что делает  их зависимыми  от других. Функциональный дефицит после инсульта также связан с огромным финансовым бременем  для пациента, семьи и общества. Во всем мире инсульт является основной причиной инвалидности у взрослых, часто приводя к таким расстройствам, как мышечная слабость, сенсорный дефицит, спастичность, проблемы с равновесием, снижение ловкости, трудности в общении и когнитивные нарушения. Увеличение числа людей, перенесших инсульт, создает высокий спрос на эффективные и доступные методы нейрореабилитации. Реабилитация после инсульта направлена  на снижение инвалидности путем содействия восстановлению после нарушений, активности или участия. В реабилитационном менеджменте могут использоваться различные техники и методы. Реабилитация после инсульта требует повторяющейся, интенсивной, целенаправленной терапии. Реабилитационные тренировки позволяют эффективно улучшить функцию конечностей у пациентов, перенесших инсульт, и снизить уровень инвалидности. Эффективность большинства вмешательств для верхних и нижних конечностей обусловлена  повторением  и принципами моторного обучения в зависимости от задачи и контекста. Важными направлениями  в области реабилитации пациентов после инсульта будут оптимизация прогнозирования  постинсультных исходов, выявление более чувствительных и специфичных биомаркеров  для восстановления,  индивидуализация  реабилитационных  мероприятий  в зависимости  от тяжести и характера сосудистой катастрофы, а также понимание и устранение социально-экономических препятствий в процессе восстановления.

инсульт, реабилитация, верхняя конечность, нижняя конечность, ходьба, речевые нарушения, когнитивные нарушения

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