Research Article
High glycemic index and glycemic load are associated with moderately increased cancer risk
Federica Turati,
Carlotta Galeone,
Sara Gandini,
Livia S. Augustin,
David J. A. Jenkins,
Claudio Pelucchi,
Carlo La Vecchia,
Federica Turati
Department of Epidemiology, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
Search for more papers by this authorCarlotta Galeone
Department of Epidemiology, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
Search for more papers by this authorSara Gandini
Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
Search for more papers by this authorLivia S. Augustin
Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Center, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
Search for more papers by this authorDavid J. A. Jenkins
Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Center, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Claudio Pelucchi
Department of Epidemiology, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
Correspondence: Dr. Claudio Pelucchi, Department of Epidemiology, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
E-mail: [email protected]
Fax: +39-0233200231
Search for more papers by this authorCarlo La Vecchia
Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
Search for more papers by this author
Federica Turati,
Carlotta Galeone,
Sara Gandini,
Livia S. Augustin,
David J. A. Jenkins,
Claudio Pelucchi,
Carlo La Vecchia,
Federica Turati
Department of Epidemiology, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
Search for more papers by this authorCarlotta Galeone
Department of Epidemiology, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
Search for more papers by this authorSara Gandini
Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
Search for more papers by this authorLivia S. Augustin
Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Center, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
Search for more papers by this authorDavid J. A. Jenkins
Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Center, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Claudio Pelucchi
Department of Epidemiology, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
Correspondence: Dr. Claudio Pelucchi, Department of Epidemiology, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
E-mail: [email protected]
Fax: +39-0233200231
Search for more papers by this authorCarlo La Vecchia
Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
Scope
To obtain an up-to-date quantification of the association between dietary glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) and the risk of cancer.
Methods and results
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies updated to January 2015. Summary relative risks (RRs) were derived using random effects models. Seventy-five reports were evaluated in the systematic review (147 090 cases), and 72 were included in the meta-analyses by cancer site. Considering hormone-related cancers, summary RRs comparing the highest versus the lowest GI and GL intake were, respectively, 1.05 and 1.07 for breast, 1.13 and 1.17 for endometrial, 1.11 and 1.19 for ovarian, and 1.06 and 1.04 for prostate cancers. Considering digestive-tract cancers, summary RRs for GI and GL were, respectively, 1.46 and 1.25 for esophageal (squamous cell carcinoma), 1.17 and 1.10 for stomach, 1.16 (significant) and 1.10 for colorectal, 1.11 and 1.14 for liver, and 1.10 and 1.01 for pancreatic cancers. In most of these meta-analyses, significant heterogeneity among studies was observed. In subgroup analyses, case–control studies and studies from Europe tended to estimate higher RRs.
Conclusion
High-GI and high-GL diets are related to moderately increased risk of cancer at several common sites.
Supporting Information
| Filename | Description |
|---|---|
| mnfr2363-sup-0001-SuppMat.doc424 KB | Figure S1. Flow chart for the study selection process. Table S1. Main characteristics of the studies included in the systematic review. Table S2. Subgroup analyses for the effects of selected characteristics on hormone-related cancers. Table S3. Subgroup analyses for the effects of selected characteristics on digestive tract cancers. |
Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
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