Original Contribution
Vitamin C supplementation lowers urinary levels of 4-hydroperoxy-2-nonenal metabolites in humans
Section snippets
Materials
HNE and ONO as well as their mercapturic acid (MA) and N-(acetyl-d3)-L-cysteine (MAd3) conjugates were prepared and chemically characterized as described previously [18], [25]. DHN-MA and DHN-MAd3 were prepared by NaBH4 reduction of HNE-MA and HNE-MAd3 [18]. HPLC-grade solvents were obtained from Honeywell Burdick and Jackson (Muskegon, MI, USA) (0.1% formic acid in water) and from EMD Chemicals (San Diego, CA, USA) (acetonitrile). All other chemicals were obtained from Sigma–Aldrich (St.
Participant characteristics and plasma vitamin C
Urinary HPNE metabolites were measured in samples collected throughout a study examining vitamin C supplementation on vitamin E pharmacokinetics. Complete details of this study have been published elsewhere [26]. In brief, vitamin C supplementation ameliorated the faster rate of vitamin E disappearance in smokers, but had no effect on nonsmokers’ vitamin E kinetics [26]. No significant differences (p > 0.05) were observed between nonsmokers and smokers with respect to age or body mass index (BMI)
Discussion
The findings of this study demonstrate for the first time that vitamin C supplementation dramatically reduces urinary concentrations of HPNE metabolites in a cohort of healthy nonsmokers and smokers. Urinary levels of ONO-MA and HNE-MA, independent of sex or smoking status, are reduced by ~ 30% after vitamin C supplementation (Fig. 4). Similarly, vitamin C supplementation decreased the total of HPNE metabolites by ~ 20%. These findings can be explained by the antioxidant effects of vitamin C,
Acknowledgments
This study was supported by NIH Grants R01HL081721 (J.F.S.), R01DK059576 (M.G.T.), R01DK067930 (M.G.T.), and S10RR022589 (J.F.S.). The authors acknowledge the use of the Mass Spectrometry Facility of the Environmental Health Sciences Center at Oregon State University (NIH Grant P30ES000210).
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Cited by (0)
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Present address: Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Present address: Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.