A History of the Hussite Revolution
The religious reformation in fifteenth century Bohemia was also a social, political, and cultural revolution - the first of the great upheavals that transformed the medieval into the modern world. Beginning with a revival of evangelical pietism among the people of Prague, then coming under the leadership of the Czech intelligentsia of Prague's university, the reform movement reached its highest point under Master John Hus, who fused the fervor of pietism with the systematic political program developed by the English reformer John Wyclif. When Hus passed from the scene by submitting himself to the Council of Constance, leadership of the movement was taken up by the more radical Jakoubek of Stribro - pioneer of what was to become Hussitism's most characteristic practice, lay communion in both kinds (utraquism). At the same time, the propagation of the reform by Jakoubek's disciples among the townsmen and peasantry of the realm balanced the more conservative tendencies of the university masters and the Hussite feudality; by 1417 the Hussite movement was an uneasy coalition of religio-political tendencies ranging from extreme conservatism to Waldensian sectarianism.
Out of the interplay among the Hussite parties and their various reactions to the pressures from Pope and Emporer there emerged two main types of reformation - one centered in Prague, the other in Tabor. Both were condemned by the Roman church, but the movement in Prague, less extreme, never ceased to hope for a reversal of that decision. Tabor, on the other hand, went all the way to heresy, schism, and revolution, ending with the form of the autonomous congregational community, organized as a city-state, in 'de facto' secession from the medieval order. Religious reformism, sectarian heresy of every sort, national passions, class hatreds, laicization, and anticlericalism - all the disturbing factors at work in late-medieval Europe came together in the Hussite revolution, which provided examples of virtually every form of change with which Europe would be concerned for the next three centuries. |
Contents
THE IDEOLOG
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5 |
THE POLITICIANS AND THE RADICALS
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56 |
THE UTRAQUIST REVOLT 14141415
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97 |
CHAPTER 1v THE ESTABLISHMENT OF HUSSITISM
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141 |
NATIONAL CONSOLIDATION OF THE
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221 |
CHAPTER vr 1419 FROM REFORMATION TO REVOLU
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265 |
CHILIASM AND THE FOUNDING OF
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310 |
MARCH TO SEP
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361 |
THE DEFINITION OF TABORITE SOCI
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384 |
THE CAUSE OF THE PRIESTS OF TABOR
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434 |
APPENDIXES
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495 |
551 | |
569 | |
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Common terms and phrases
Antichrist autem Babilon barons Bartos Beghards bishop Bohemia Catholic chap chiliast Christ Christian clergy communion congregations Constance Council Council of Constance Cristi Czech decree defend defined definition discussion doctrine Documenta ecclesia enim Eucharist evangelical fact faithful find first Free Spirit God’s Hardt heresy heretics Hofler holy Hus’s Hussite Iakoubek ideas Iesenic infant communion Iohn Item John Hus kalicha king King Wenceslas Klatovy Koranda Laurence lay chalice leaders Lord Macek Martin mass Matthew Moravia movement Nejedly Nicholas of Dresden Nicholas’s official papal party passage perhaps Peter Pfibram Pikart Pisek pope Postil Prague’s preaching priests of Tabor Primitive Church quam quia quod quoted radical realm reform rejection religious rite sacrament Scripture sectarian secular secundum Sedlak sermon sicut Sigismund significant sources spiritual sunt synod Tabor Taborite Taborite priests towns treatise utraquism utraquist Waldensian Wenceslas Wyclif Wyclifite Zelivsky Zelivsky’s