Öz
Fitoterapi özellikle kanser hastaları tarafından sıklıkla başvurulan tedavi yöntemlerindendir. Bu incelemede fitoterapinin kanser ile ilişkisi ve kanser türlerinde farmakolojik ilaç kullanımına ek olarak tercih edilmesi değerlendirilmiştir. Literatür 2000- 2021 yılları arasında yayınlanmış fitoterapi çalışmaları yönünden taranmıştır. Veriler “Pubmed ve Siencedirect” gibi veri tabanlarında “complementary and alternative medicines, phytotherapy, herbal medicine, cancer” kelimeleri aranarak elde edilmiştir. Fitoterapinin Çin ve Güney Kore gibi uzak doğu ülkelerinde yaygın bir şekilde kullanıldığı, ilk uygulandığı Mezopotamya bölgesi sınırları içerisindeki Filistin’de ise kullanımının %90 düzeylerinde olduğu gözlenmiştir. Gelişmiş ülkelerde, Uzakdoğu ülkelerine kıyasla daha az tercih edilen bitkisel ilaç uygulamalarının günümüzde daha çok tercih edildiği görülmüştür. Bunun nedenleri arasında geleneksel tıbbi yöntemler ve farmakolojik ilaç kullanımlarının yan etkileri sayılmaktadır. Ayrıca kanser vakalarındaki yaygınlık oranlarının yükselmesi bu yönelimi desteklemektedir. 2020 yılı dünya kanser vakaları; cinsiyet gözetmeksizin göğüs, akciğer, kolo-rektal, ölümler; akciğer, kolo-rektal, karaciğer şeklinde sıralanmaktadır. Fitoterapi tahmin edilemeyen yan etkilerine rağmen tüm dünyada hızla uygulanmaya devam etmektedir. Özellikle modern tıbbın tam olarak tedavi edemediği kanser gibi hastalıkların olması bunu tetiklemektedir. Sonuçta, kontrolsüz bitkisel ilaç kullanımı geleneksel tedavilerde tehditler ortaya çıkartmakta, bu durum ülkeleri yasal düzenlemeler yapmaya teşvik etmektedir. Yapılması gereken, fitoterapi uygulamalarında kullanılan bitkilerin farmakolojik ve toksikolojik parametrelerinin belirlenmesi, belirlenen parametreler ile bitkisel ilaçların kalite, güvenlik ve etkinlik yönünden standartlarının oluşturulmasıdır.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Bitkisel İlaç Fitoterapi Kanser Tamamlayıcı ve Alternatif Tıp
Kaynakça
- Auyeung, K. K., Han, Q. Bin and Ko, J. K. (2016). Astragalus membranaceus: A review of its protection against ınflammation and gastrointestinal cancers. American journal of Chinese medicine, 44(1), 1–22.
- Bailly, C. (2021). Atractylenolides, essential components of Atractylodes-based traditional herbal medicines: Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. European journal of pharmacology, 891, 173735
- Begüm, Y. (2010). Türkiye’de Yetişen Eryngium Kotschyı (Boğa Dikeni) ve Eryngıum Marıtımum (Deniz Boğadikeni) Bitkilerinin Sitotoksik Etkilerinin HEP2, HEPG2, VERO ve U138 MG Hücre Kültürlerinde Araştırılması. Ankara, Türkiye.
- Conway, P. (2011). The therapeutic relationship in phytotherapy. Elsevier
- Fidler, M. M., Soerjomataram, I., Bray, F. (2016). A global view on cancer incidence and national levels of the human development index. International journal of cancer, 139(11), 2436–2446.
- Ghosh, D. Seed to patient in clinically proven natural medicines in nutraceuticals. Efficacy, Safety And Toxicity. Elsevier Inc.; 2016. pp. 925–931.
- Heinrich Michael (2017). Phytotherapy | medicine | Britannica. Erişim adresi: [https://www.britannica.com/science/phytotherapy]. Erişim tarihi: 17.02.2021.
- IARC (2021). Cancer Today. International Agency for Research on Cancer. Erişim adresi: [https://gco.iarc.fr/today/home]. Erişim tarihi:17.02.2021
- Jones, E., Nissen, L., McCarthy, A., Steadman, K., Windsor, C. (2019) Exploring the use of complementary and alternative medicine in cancer patients. Integrative cancer therapies, 18, p. 153473541984698.
- Kurhekar, J. V. İn preparation of phytopharmaceuticals for the management of disorders. Ancient and Modern Practices in Phytomedicine. Elsevier; 2021. pp. 55–75.
- Leite, P. M., Camargos, L. M., Castilho, R. O. (2021). Recent progess in phytotherapy: A Brazilian perspective. European journal of ıntegrative medicine, 41, p. 101270.
- Liang, P., Guo, J., Li, S., Guan, Q., Vanderheyden, T., So, A., Wang, Y., Chen, T., Du, C. (2018). Prevention of prostate tumor development by stimulation of antitumor ımmunity using a standardized herbal extract (Deep Immune®) in TRAMP Mice. Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine, 2018, 1-12.
- Mordeniz, C. (2019). Introductory Chapter: Traditional and Complementary Medicine.IntechOpen
- Nanjappan, S., Paul, D., Bolla, L. Assessing herb–drug ınteractions of herbal products with therapeutic agents for metabolic diseases: analytical and regulatory perspectives. Studies in Natural Products Chemistry. Elsevier B.V.; 2018. pp. 283–322.
- National Cancer Institute (2015). Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM). Erişim adresi: [https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/cam]. Erişim tarihi: 19.02.2021.
- Oyedepo, T. A., Palai, S. Herbal remedies, toxicity, and regulations. Preparation of Phytopharmaceuticals for the Management of Disorders. Elsevier; 2021. pp. 89–127.
- Park, Y. L., Huang, C. W., Sasaki, Y., Ko, Y., Park, S., Ko, S. G. (2016). Comparative study on the education system of traditional medicine in China, Japan, Korea, and Taiwan. Explore: The journal of science and healing, 12(5), pp. 375–383.
- Pezzani, R., Salehi, B., Vitalini, S., Iriti, M., Zuñiga, F. A., Sharifi-Rad, J., Martins, N. (2019). Synergistic effects of plant derivatives and conventional chemotherapeutic agents: An update on the cancer perspective, Medicina (Lithuania), 55(4), 110.
- Santos, R. L., Guimaraes, G. P., Nobre, M. S. C., Portela, A. S. (2011). Analysis about phytotherapy as an integrating practice in the Brazilian Unified Health System (Uhs). Revista brasileira de plantas medicinais, 13(4), 486–491.
- Sung, H., Ferlay, J., Siegel, R. L., Laversanne, M., Soerjomataram, I., Jemal, A. Bray, F. (2021). Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA: A cancer journal for clinicians.
- Toygar, I., Yeşilbalkan, Ö. U., Kürkütlü, M., Aslan, A. (2020). Complementary and alternative medicines used by cancer patients to cope with chemotherapy-induced constipation. Complementary therapies in clinical practice, 39, 10108.
- Villadolid, J., Amin, A. (2015). Immune checkpoint inhibitors in clinical practice: Update on management of immune-related toxicities. Translational lung cancer research, 4(5), 560.
- Wang, Y., Zhang, Q., Chen, Y., Liang, C. L., Liu, H., Qiu, F., Dai, Z. (2020). Antitumor effects of immunity-enhancing traditional Chinese medicine. Biomedicine and pharmacotherapy, 121, 109570.
- WHO., (2013). World Health Organization. Traditional Medicine Strategy 2014-2023, World Health Organization. Elsevier. pp. 1–76.
Öz
Phytotherapy is one of the most frequently used treatment methods, especially by cancer patients. In this review, the relation of phytotherapy with cancer and its preference in addition to the use of pharmacological drugs in cancer types were evaluated. The literature was reviewed in terms of phytotherapy studies published between 2000-2021. The data were obtained by searching the words “complementar-alternative medicines, phytotherapy, herbal medicine, cancer” in databases such as “Pubmed and Siencedirect”. It has been observed that phytotherapy is widely used in Far East countries such as China and South Korea, and its use is around 90% in Palestine within the borders of Mesopotamia where it was first applied. The reasons for this are the side effects of traditional medical methods and pharmacological drug use. Besides, the increase in the prevalence rates in cancer cases supports this trend. World cancer cases in 2020 are listed as breast, lung, colo-rectal, and deaths as lung, colo-rectal, liver regardless of gender. Phytotherapy continues to be applied rapidly all over the world despite its unpredictable side effects. Especially the presence of diseases such as cancer that modern medicine cannot fully cure triggers this. As a result, uncontrolled use of herbal medicine creates threats in traditional treatments, and this situation encourages countries to make legal regulations. Thing to do is to determine the pharmacological and toxicological parameters of the plants used in phytotherapy applications, ıt is to establish the standards of herbal medicines in terms of quality, safety and efficacy with the determined parameters.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Cancer Complementary and Alternative Medicines Herbal Medicine Phytotherapy
Kaynakça
- Auyeung, K. K., Han, Q. Bin and Ko, J. K. (2016). Astragalus membranaceus: A review of its protection against ınflammation and gastrointestinal cancers. American journal of Chinese medicine, 44(1), 1–22.
- Bailly, C. (2021). Atractylenolides, essential components of Atractylodes-based traditional herbal medicines: Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. European journal of pharmacology, 891, 173735
- Begüm, Y. (2010). Türkiye’de Yetişen Eryngium Kotschyı (Boğa Dikeni) ve Eryngıum Marıtımum (Deniz Boğadikeni) Bitkilerinin Sitotoksik Etkilerinin HEP2, HEPG2, VERO ve U138 MG Hücre Kültürlerinde Araştırılması. Ankara, Türkiye.
- Conway, P. (2011). The therapeutic relationship in phytotherapy. Elsevier
- Fidler, M. M., Soerjomataram, I., Bray, F. (2016). A global view on cancer incidence and national levels of the human development index. International journal of cancer, 139(11), 2436–2446.
- Ghosh, D. Seed to patient in clinically proven natural medicines in nutraceuticals. Efficacy, Safety And Toxicity. Elsevier Inc.; 2016. pp. 925–931.
- Heinrich Michael (2017). Phytotherapy | medicine | Britannica. Erişim adresi: [https://www.britannica.com/science/phytotherapy]. Erişim tarihi: 17.02.2021.
- IARC (2021). Cancer Today. International Agency for Research on Cancer. Erişim adresi: [https://gco.iarc.fr/today/home]. Erişim tarihi:17.02.2021
- Jones, E., Nissen, L., McCarthy, A., Steadman, K., Windsor, C. (2019) Exploring the use of complementary and alternative medicine in cancer patients. Integrative cancer therapies, 18, p. 153473541984698.
- Kurhekar, J. V. İn preparation of phytopharmaceuticals for the management of disorders. Ancient and Modern Practices in Phytomedicine. Elsevier; 2021. pp. 55–75.
- Leite, P. M., Camargos, L. M., Castilho, R. O. (2021). Recent progess in phytotherapy: A Brazilian perspective. European journal of ıntegrative medicine, 41, p. 101270.
- Liang, P., Guo, J., Li, S., Guan, Q., Vanderheyden, T., So, A., Wang, Y., Chen, T., Du, C. (2018). Prevention of prostate tumor development by stimulation of antitumor ımmunity using a standardized herbal extract (Deep Immune®) in TRAMP Mice. Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine, 2018, 1-12.
- Mordeniz, C. (2019). Introductory Chapter: Traditional and Complementary Medicine.IntechOpen
- Nanjappan, S., Paul, D., Bolla, L. Assessing herb–drug ınteractions of herbal products with therapeutic agents for metabolic diseases: analytical and regulatory perspectives. Studies in Natural Products Chemistry. Elsevier B.V.; 2018. pp. 283–322.
- National Cancer Institute (2015). Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM). Erişim adresi: [https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/cam]. Erişim tarihi: 19.02.2021.
- Oyedepo, T. A., Palai, S. Herbal remedies, toxicity, and regulations. Preparation of Phytopharmaceuticals for the Management of Disorders. Elsevier; 2021. pp. 89–127.
- Park, Y. L., Huang, C. W., Sasaki, Y., Ko, Y., Park, S., Ko, S. G. (2016). Comparative study on the education system of traditional medicine in China, Japan, Korea, and Taiwan. Explore: The journal of science and healing, 12(5), pp. 375–383.
- Pezzani, R., Salehi, B., Vitalini, S., Iriti, M., Zuñiga, F. A., Sharifi-Rad, J., Martins, N. (2019). Synergistic effects of plant derivatives and conventional chemotherapeutic agents: An update on the cancer perspective, Medicina (Lithuania), 55(4), 110.
- Santos, R. L., Guimaraes, G. P., Nobre, M. S. C., Portela, A. S. (2011). Analysis about phytotherapy as an integrating practice in the Brazilian Unified Health System (Uhs). Revista brasileira de plantas medicinais, 13(4), 486–491.
- Sung, H., Ferlay, J., Siegel, R. L., Laversanne, M., Soerjomataram, I., Jemal, A. Bray, F. (2021). Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA: A cancer journal for clinicians.
- Toygar, I., Yeşilbalkan, Ö. U., Kürkütlü, M., Aslan, A. (2020). Complementary and alternative medicines used by cancer patients to cope with chemotherapy-induced constipation. Complementary therapies in clinical practice, 39, 10108.
- Villadolid, J., Amin, A. (2015). Immune checkpoint inhibitors in clinical practice: Update on management of immune-related toxicities. Translational lung cancer research, 4(5), 560.
- Wang, Y., Zhang, Q., Chen, Y., Liang, C. L., Liu, H., Qiu, F., Dai, Z. (2020). Antitumor effects of immunity-enhancing traditional Chinese medicine. Biomedicine and pharmacotherapy, 121, 109570.
- WHO., (2013). World Health Organization. Traditional Medicine Strategy 2014-2023, World Health Organization. Elsevier. pp. 1–76.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Konular | Veteriner Bilimleri |
| Bölüm | Derleme |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 7 Mayıs 2021 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 13 Nisan 2021 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2021 Cilt: 12 Sayı: 1 |
