Acknowledgment: The authors thank the WHI investigators. For a list of WHI investigators, see the Appendix.
Grant Support: By the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Additional support was provided by U.S. Public Health Service Research grants AR052105 and AR048919. Dr. Lee is supported by National Center for Research Resources grant UL 1 RR024146.
Disclosures: Consultancies: J.A. Cauley (Novartis, Eli Lilly), D.C. Bauer (Merck, Roche Diagnostics), J. Wactawski-Wende (Johnson & Johnson), S.R. Cummings (Eli Lilly, Procter & Gamble, Amgen, GlaxoSmithKline, Zelos). Honoraria: J.A. Cauley (Eli Lilly), R.D. Jackson (Sanofi-Aventis, Procter & Gamble), J. Wactawski-Wende (Merck), S.R. Cummings (Eli Lilly). Stock ownership or options (other than mutual funds): M.S. LeBoff (Amgen, General Electric). Expert testimony: S.R. Cummings (Eli Lilly). Grants received: J.A. Cauley (Merck, Pfizer, Novartis), D.C. Bauer (Novartis, Amgen, Procter & Gamble, Merck), R.D. Jackson (MicroMRI, Procter & Gamble), M.S. LeBoff (Abbott), J. Ockene (National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute), S.R. Cummings (Amgen, Eli Lilly).
Reproducible Research Statement: Study protocol: WHI study protocols are available at
whiscience.org.
Statistical code and data set: Not available.
Corresponding Author: Jane A. Cauley, DrPH, University of Pittsburgh, Department of Epidemiology, 130 DeSoto Street, Crabtree A524, Pittsburgh, PA 15261; e-mail,
[email protected].
Current Author Addresses: Dr. Cauley: University of Pittsburgh, Department of Epidemiology, 130 DeSoto Street, Crabtree A524, Pittsburgh, PA 15261.
Dr. LaCroix, Ms. L. Wu, and Ms. C. Wu: Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, Seattle, WA 98109.
Dr. Horwitz: University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Falk 580, 3601 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15261.
Dr. Danielson: University of Pittsburgh, Department of Epidemiology, 130 DeSoto Street, Crabtree A543, Pittsburgh, PA 15261.
Dr. Bauer: University of California, San Francisco, 185 Berry Street, #5700, San Francisco, CA 94105.
Dr. Lee: University of California, Davis, 4150 V Street, Suite 6400, Sacramento, CA 75817.
Dr. Jackson: The Ohio State University, 485 McCampbell Hall, 1581 Dodd Drive, Columbus, OH 43210.
Dr. Robbins: Lawrence J. Ellison Ambulatory Care Center, 4860 Y Street, Sacramento, CA 95817.
Dr. Stanczyk: USC Keck School of Medicine, Women's & Children's Hospital, 1240 North Mission Road, Room 1M2, Los Angeles, CA 90033.
Dr. LeBoff: Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115.
Dr. Wactawski-Wende: State University of New York at Buffalo, 270 Farber Hall, Buffalo, NY 14214.
Dr. Sarto: University of Wisconsin-Madison, 700 Regent Street, Madison, WI 53715.
Dr. Ockene: University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA 01655.
Dr. Cummings: San Francisco Coordinating Center, 185 Berry Street, Lobby 4, Suite 5700, San Francisco, CA 94107.
Author Contributions: Conception and design: J.A. Cauley, D.C. Bauer, R.D. Jackson, M.S. LeBoff, J. Wactawski-Wende, S.R. Cummings.
Analysis and interpretation of the data: J.A. Cauley, A.Z. LaCroix, M. Horwitz, L. Wu, D.C. Bauer, J.S. Lee, R.D. Jackson, C. Wu, M.S. LeBoff, G. Sarto.
Drafting of the article: J.A. Cauley, L. Wu, M. Horwitz, M.E. Danielson, M.S. LeBoff.
Critical revision of the article for important intellectual content: A.Z. LaCroix, L. Wu, M. Horwitz, M.E. Danielson, D.C. Bauer, J.S. Lee, R.D. Jackson, F.Z. Stanczyk, M.S. LeBoff, J. Wactawski-Wende, G. Sarto, S.R. Cummings.
Final approval of the article: J.A. Cauley, A.Z. LaCroix, L. Wu, M. Horwitz, M.E. Danielson, D.C. Bauer, R.D. Jackson, J.A. Robbins, F.Z. Stanczyk, J. Wactawski-Wende, J. Ockene, S.R. Cummings.
Provision of study materials or patients: J.A. Cauley, J.S. Lee, R.D. Jackson, J.A. Robbins, F.Z. Stanczyk, J. Wactawski-Wende, G. Sarto, J. Ockene.
Statistical expertise: L. Wu.
Obtaining of funding: J.A. Cauley, M.E. Danielson, J.S. Lee, R.D. Jackson, J.A. Robbins, J. Wactawski-Wende, J. Ockene, S.R. Cummings.
Administrative, technical, or logistic support: J.A. Cauley, M.E. Danielson, J.S. Lee, R.D. Jackson, J. Wactawski-Wende.
Collection and assembly of data: J.A. Cauley, A.Z. LaCroix, J.S. Lee, R.D. Jackson, J.A. Robbins, J. Wactawski-Wende, G. Sarto, J. Ockene.
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