Cancer cachexia is a significant problem facing both patients and physicians. Many interventions have been tried in an attempt to remedy undernutrition in cancer patients. However, there is no convincing evidence that enteral/parenteral nutrition or the use of anabolic steroids is of any benefit in patients with cachexia. A recent prospective study revealed that oral medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) treatment reduces serum levels of interleukin (IL)-6, an important mediator of cancer cachexia, in patients with metastatic breast carcinoma regardless of response to the therapy. A decrease in serum IL-6 levels was well associated with subjective improvement in patients with metastatic breast carcinoma. Furthermore, clinically attainable concentrations of MPA can inhibit the growth of some human pancreatic carcinoma cells by inducing apoptosis in association with the phosphorylation of bcl-2. These results suggest that this agent may contribute to improved quality of life in patients with various cancers.