The objectives of this study were to compare the protective effects of ascorbic acid and iloprost on lung injury caused by ischemia reperfusion (I/R) of the lower extremities of rats. Wistar albino rats (n = 34) were divided into five groups. In the I/R group (n = 6), the aorta was cross-clamped for 3 hr, followed by 1 hr of reperfusion. In the vitamin C group (n = 8), animals were pretreated with 100 mg/kg ascorbic acid via the left jugular vein before aortic cross-clamping. In the iloprost group (n = 8), animals were pretreated with 20 ng/(kg x min) iloprost by constant intravenous infusion via the left jugular venous cannula. In the sham group (n = 6), the abdomen was left open at the same period and a juguler venous line was established. In the control group (n = 6), lungs were removed and blood samples taken immediately after sternotomy. No treatment was given in this group. After both lungs were removed, biochemical parameters were measured and histopathological evaluation was made. Although the arterial blood pO2 and HCO3 levels were statistically significantly high in both the vitamin C and iloprost groups compared to the I/R group, plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were significantly low. Meanwhile, the MDA levels in the lung tissue were significantly low in the vitamin C group compared to the I/R group. The MDA level in the lung tissue in the iloprost group was also low compared to the I/R group, but it was not statistically significant. The lungs of the I/R group displayed intense interstitial leukocytic infiltration in histopathological examination compared to the other groups. Pretreatment of animals with iloprost and vitamin C significantly decreased the pulmonary injury characterized by decreased plasma leukocyte sequestration. The results suggest that both vitamin C and iloprost are useful agents for attenuating the lung injury caused by increased oxidative stress and neutrophil accumulation after a period of I/R of the lower extremities.