Tumor-associated reactive astrocytes aid the evolution of immunosuppressive environment in glioblastoma

Nat Commun. 2019 Jun 11;10(1):2541. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-10493-6.

Abstract

Reactive astrocytes evolve after brain injury, inflammatory and degenerative diseases, whereby they undergo transcriptomic re-programming. In malignant brain tumors, their function and crosstalk to other components of the environment is poorly understood. Here we report a distinct transcriptional phenotype of reactive astrocytes from glioblastoma linked to JAK/STAT pathway activation. Subsequently, we investigate the origin of astrocytic transformation by a microglia loss-of-function model in a human organotypic slice model with injected tumor cells. RNA-seq based gene expression analysis of astrocytes reveals a distinct astrocytic phenotype caused by the coexistence of microglia and astrocytes in the tumor environment, which leads to a large release of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as TGFβ, IL10 and G-CSF. Inhibition of the JAK/STAT pathway shifts the balance of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines towards a pro-inflammatory environment. The complex interaction of astrocytes and microglia cells promotes an immunosuppressive environment, suggesting that tumor-associated astrocytes contribute to anti-inflammatory responses.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Astrocytes / cytology
  • Astrocytes / metabolism*
  • Brain Neoplasms / metabolism
  • Cell Line, Tumor
  • Cytokines / metabolism*
  • Gene Expression Profiling
  • Glioblastoma / immunology*
  • Humans
  • Inflammation Mediators
  • Janus Kinases / metabolism
  • Microglia / cytology
  • Microglia / metabolism*
  • Phenotype
  • STAT Transcription Factors / metabolism
  • Sequence Analysis, RNA
  • Signal Transduction
  • Tissue Culture Techniques

Substances

  • Cytokines
  • Inflammation Mediators
  • STAT Transcription Factors
  • Janus Kinases