Blood–brain barrier disruption highly induces aquaporin-4 mRNA and protein in perivascular and parenchymal astrocytes: Protective effect by estradiol treatment in ovariectomized animals
M. Tomás-Camardiel
Departamento de Bioquímica, Bromatología, Toxicología y Medicina Legal, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
Search for more papers by this authorJ.L. Venero
Departamento de Bioquímica, Bromatología, Toxicología y Medicina Legal, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
Search for more papers by this authorA.J. Herrera
Departamento de Bioquímica, Bromatología, Toxicología y Medicina Legal, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
Search for more papers by this authorR.M. De Pablos
Departamento de Bioquímica, Bromatología, Toxicología y Medicina Legal, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
Search for more papers by this authorJ.A. Pintor-Toro
Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla, Spain
Search for more papers by this authorA. Machado
Departamento de Bioquímica, Bromatología, Toxicología y Medicina Legal, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
J. Cano
Departamento de Bioquímica, Bromatología, Toxicología y Medicina Legal, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
Departamento de Bioquímica, Bromatología, Toxicología y Medicina Legal, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, C/ Prof. García González, 2, 41012-Sevilla, SpainSearch for more papers by this authorM. Tomás-Camardiel
Departamento de Bioquímica, Bromatología, Toxicología y Medicina Legal, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
Search for more papers by this authorJ.L. Venero
Departamento de Bioquímica, Bromatología, Toxicología y Medicina Legal, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
Search for more papers by this authorA.J. Herrera
Departamento de Bioquímica, Bromatología, Toxicología y Medicina Legal, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
Search for more papers by this authorR.M. De Pablos
Departamento de Bioquímica, Bromatología, Toxicología y Medicina Legal, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
Search for more papers by this authorJ.A. Pintor-Toro
Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla, Spain
Search for more papers by this authorA. Machado
Departamento de Bioquímica, Bromatología, Toxicología y Medicina Legal, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
J. Cano
Departamento de Bioquímica, Bromatología, Toxicología y Medicina Legal, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
Departamento de Bioquímica, Bromatología, Toxicología y Medicina Legal, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, C/ Prof. García González, 2, 41012-Sevilla, SpainSearch for more papers by this authorAbstract
Strong evidence involves aquaporin-4 (AQP4) in the physiopathology of brain edema. Two major points remain unsolved: (1) the capacity of perivascular glial cells to regulate AQP4 in response to disruption of the blood–brain barrier (BBB); and (2) the potential beneficial role of AQP4 in the clearance of brain edema. We used intraparenchymal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as an efficient model to induce BBB disruption. This was monitored by IgG extravasation and AQP4 was studied at the mRNA and protein level. The first signs of BBB disruption coincided with strong induction of AQP4 mRNA in perivascular glial cells. At the early phase, estradiol treatment highly prevented the LPS-induced disruption of the BBB and the induction of AQP4. Efficient clearance of vasogenic edema is supposed to occur once BBB is restored. This phase coincided with high induction of AQP4 mRNA in parenchymal reactive astrocytes and perivascular glial processes. High levels of AQP4 mRNA may be beneficial under these conditions. Our data may clarify why estradiol treatment reduces mortality in conditions typically associated with edema formation, like stroke. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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