Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Natural antidotes and management of metal toxicity

  • Review Article
  • Published:
Environmental Science and Pollution Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The global burden of heavy metal especially mercury, arsenic, lead, and cadmium toxicities remains a significant public health challenge. Developing nations are particularly at high risk and carry the highest burden of this hazard. Chelation therapy has been the mainstay for treatment of heavy metal poisoning where the chelating agent binds metal ions to form complex ring–like structures called “chelates” to enhance their elimination from the body. Metal chelators have some drawbacks such as redistribution of some heavy metals from other tissues to the brain thereby increasing its neurotoxicity, causing loss of essential metals such as copper and zinc as well as some serious adverse effects, e.g., hepatotoxicity. The use of natural antidotes, which are easily available, affordable, and with little or no side effects compared to the classic metal chelators, is the focus of this review and suggested as cheaper options for developing nations in the treatment of heavy metal poisoning.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abascal K, Yarnell Y (2012) Cilantro-culinary herb or miracle medicinal plant? Alter Complement Ther 18:259–264

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Abernathy CO, Liu YP, Longfellow D, Aposhian HV, Beck B, Fowler B, Goyer R, Menzer R, Rossman T, Thompson C, Walks M (1999) Arsenic: health effects, mechanisms of actions, and research issues. Environ Health Perspect 107:593–597

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ademuyiwa O, Ugbaja RO, Idumebor F, Adebawo O (2005) Plasma lipid profiles and risk of cardiovascular disease in occupational lead exposure in Abeokuta, Nigeria. Lipids Health Dis 4:19

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Aga M, Iwaki K, Ueda Y, Ushio S, Masaki N, Fukuda S, Kimoto T, Ikeda M, Kurimoto M (2001) Preventive effect of Coriandrum sativum (Chinese parsley) on localized lead deposition in ICR mice. J Ethnopharmacol 77:203–208

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Agarwal R, Goel S, Behari J (2010) Detoxification and antioxidant effects of curcumin in rats experimentally exposed to mercury. J Appl Toxicol 30:457–468

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Agarwala S, Rao BN, Mudholkar K, Bhuwania R, Satish Rao BS (2012) Mangiferin, a dietary xanthone protects against mercury-induced toxicity in HepG2 cells. Environ Toxicol 27:117–127

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Aleku GA, Adoga MP, Agwale SM (2014) HIV point-of-care diagnostics: meeting the special needs of sub-Saharan Africa. J Infect Ctries 8:1231–1243

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ali BH, Tanira MO, Blunden G, Nemmar A (2008) Some phytochemical, pharmacological and toxicological properties of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe): a review of recent research. Food Chem Toxicol 46:409–420

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ali I, Saleem K, Wesselinova D, Haque A (2013) Synthesis, DNA binding, hemolytic, and anti-cancer assays of curcumin I-based ligands and their ruthenium (III) complexes. Med Chem Res 22:1386–1398

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Altenburg JD, Bieberich AA, Terry C, Harvey KA, Vanhorn JF, Xu Z, Davisson VJ, Siddiqui RA (2011) A synergistic antiproliferation effect of curcumin and docosahexaenoic acid in SK-BR-3 breast cancer cells: unique signaling not explained by the effects of either compound alone. BMC Cancer 11:149

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Anyanwu BO, Ezejiofor AN, Igweze ZN, Orisakwe OE (2018) Heavy metal mixture exposure and effects in developing nations: an update. Toxics 6:65

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Amadi CN, Igweze ZN, Orisakwe OE (2017) Heavy metals in miscarriages and stillbirths in developing nations. Middle East Fertil Soc J 22:91–100

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Amagase H, Petesch BL, Matsuura H, Kasuga S, Itakura Y (2001) Intake of garlic and its bioactive components. J Nutr 131:955–962

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ames BN (2001) DNA damage from micronutrient deficiencies is likely to be a major cause of cancer. Mutat Res 475:7–20

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Amutha M, Sivasakthi J, Gubendran A, Dhanasekaran P, Imayatharasi R (2017) Studies on metal chelating property and pharmaceutical applications of curcumin metal complex. IOSR J Pharm Biol Sci 12:72–77

    Google Scholar 

  • Arguelles-Vel’azquez A, Alvarez-Gonz’alez I, Madrigal-Bujaidar E, Chamorro-Cevallos G (2013) Amelioration of cadmium-produced teratogenicity and genotoxicity in mice given Arthrospira maxima (Spirulina) treatment. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2013:8

    Google Scholar 

  • Asomugha RN, Udowelle NA, Offor SJ, Njoku CJ, Ofoma IV, Chukwuogor CC, Orisakwe OE (2016) Heavy metals hazards from Nigerian spices. Rocz Panstw Zakl Hig 67:309–314

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Babbar N, Oberoi HS, Uppal DS, Patil RT (2011) Total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of extracts obtained from six important fruit residues. Food Res Int 44:391–396

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bae W, Chen W, Mulchandani A, Mehra RK (2000) Enhanced bioaccumulation of heavy metals by bacterial cells displaying synthetic phytochelatins. Biotechnol Boiling 70:518–524

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Banerjee SK, Maulik SK (2002) Effect of garlic on cardiovascular disorders: a review. Nutr J 1:4

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Banji D, Banji OJF, Dasaroju S, Kumar CHK (2013) Curcumin and piperine abrogate lipid and protein oxidation induced by D-galactose in rat brain. Brain Res 1515:1–11

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barnes D, Yaffe K (2011) The projected impact of risk factor reduction on Alzheimer’s disease prevalence. Alzheimers Dement 7:S511

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bashir L, Shittu OK, Sani S, Busari MB, Adeniyi KA (2015) African natural products with potential antitrypanosoma properties: a review. Int J Biochem Res Rev 7:45–79

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baum L, Ng A (2004) Curcumin interaction with copper and iron suggests one possible mechanism of action in Alzheimer’s disease animal models. J Alzheimers Dis 6:367–377

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bede-Ojimadu O, Amadi CN, Orisakwe OE (2018) Blood lead levels in women of child-bearing age in sub-saharan africa: a systematic review. Front Public Health 6:367

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bending A, Toschi TG, Lercker G (2002) Antioxidant activity of oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) leaves. Italian J Food Sci 14:17–24

    Google Scholar 

  • Beyersmann D, Hartwig A (2008) Carcinogenic metal compounds: recent insight into molecular and cellular mechanisms. Arch Toxicol 82:493–512

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bhattacharya S (2017) Medicinal plants and natural products in amelioration of arsenic toxicity: a short review. Pharm Biol 55:349–354

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boots AW, Haenen GR, Bast A (2008) Health effects of quercetin: from antioxidant to nutraceutical. Eur J Pharmacol 585:325–337

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Borsari M, Ferrari E, Grandi R, Saladini M (2002) Curcuminoids as potential new iron-chelating agents: spectroscopic, polarographic and potentiometric study on their Fe (III) complexing ability. Inorg Chim Acta 328:61–68

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brewer MS (2011) Natural antioxidants: sources, compounds, mechanisms of action, and potential applications. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 10:221e247

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Broerse M, Oorsprong H, van Gestel CAM (2012) Cadmium affects toxicokinetics of pyrene in the collembolan Folsomia candida. Ecotoxicology 21:795–802

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bushra S, Farooq A (2008) Flavones (kaempeferol, quercetin, myricetin) contents of selected fruits, vegetables and medicinal plants. Food Chem 108:879–884

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Calliste CA, Kozlowski D, Duroux JL, Champavier Y, Chulia AJ, Trouillas P (2010) A new antioxidant from wild nutmeg. Food Chem 118:489–496

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carocci A, Covito N, Sinicropi MS, Genchi G (2014) Mercury toxicity and neurodegenerative effects. Rev Environ Contam Toxicol 229:1–18

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carolina C, Manzan M, Toniolo FS, Bredow E, Povh NP (2003) Extraction of essential oil and pigments from Curcuma longa [L.] by steam distillation and extraction with volatile solvents. J Agric Food Chem 51:6802–6807

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • CDC (2012a) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Infant lead poisoning associated with use of tiro, an eye cosmetic from Nigeria--Boston, Massachusetts. MMWR 61:574–576

    Google Scholar 

  • CDC (2012b) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Lead poisoning in pregnant women who used Ayurvedic medications from India–New York City. MMWR 61:641–646

    Google Scholar 

  • Cha CW (1987) A study on the effect of garlic to the heavy metal poisoning of rat. J Korean Med Sci 2:213–224

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chaieb K, Hajlaoui H, Zmantar T, Kahla-Nakbi AB, Rouabhia M, Mahdouani K, Bakhrouf A (2007) The chemical composition and biological activity of clove essential oil, Eugenia caryophyllata (Syzigium aromaticum L. Myrtaceae): a short review. Phytother Res 21:501–506

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chandrasekaran VRJ, Hsu D, Liu M (2014) Beneficial effect of sesame oil on heavy metal toxicity. J Parenter Enter Nutr 8:179–185

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chatterjee S, Niaz Z, Gautam S, Adhikari S, Variyar PS, Sharma A (2007) Antioxidant activity of some phenolic constituents from green pepper (Piper nigrum L.) and fresh nutmeg mace (Myristica fragrans). Food Chem 101:515–523

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen L, Yang X, Jiao H, Zhao B (2002) Tea catechins protect against lead induced cytotoxicity, lipid peroxidation, and membrane fluidity in HepG2 cells. Toxicol Sci 69:149–156

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen L, Yang X, Jiao H, Zhao B (2003) Tea catechins protect against lead-induced ROS formation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and calcium dysregulation in PC12 cells. Chem Res Toxicol 16:1155–1161

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cheung SC, Szeto YT, Benzie IF (2007) Antioxidant protection of edible oils. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 62:39–42

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chowdhury R, Dutta A, Chaudhari SR, Sharma N, Giri AK, Chaudhari K (2008) In vitro and In vivo reduction of sodium arsenite induced toxicity by aqueous garlic extract. Food Chem Toxicol 46:740–751

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Clarkson TW, Magos L, Myers GJ (2003) The toxicology of mercury—current exposures and clinical manifestations. N Engl J Med 349:1731–1737

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cuypers A, Plusquin M, Remans T, Jozefczak M, Keunen E, Gielen H et al (2010) Cadmium stress: an oxidative challenge. Biometal 23:927–940

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dairam A, Limson JL, Watkins GM, Antunes E, Daya S (2007) Curcuminoids, curcumin, and demethoxycurcumin reduce lead-induced memory deficits in male Wistar rats. J Agric Food Chem 55:1039–1044

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dajas F (2012) Life or death: neuroprotective and anticancer effects of quercetin. J Ethnopharmacol 143:383–396

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Daniel S, Limson JL, Dairam A, Watkins GM, Daya S (2004) Through metal binding, curcumin protects against lead- and cadmium-induced lipid peroxidation in rat brain homogenates and against lead-induced tissue damage in rat brain. J Inorg Biochem 98:266–275

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Das S, Santra A, Lahiri S et al (2005) Implications of oxidative stress and hepatic cytokine (TNF-α and IL-6) response in the pathogenesis of hepatic collagenesis in chronic arsenic toxicity. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 204:18–26

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Deepa B, Anuradha CV (2011) Antioxidant potential of Coriandrum sativum l. seed extract. Indian J Exp Biol 49:30–38

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Deevika B, Asha S, Taju G, Nalini T (2012) Cadmium acetate induced nephrotoxicity and protective role of curcumin in rats. Asian J Pharm Clin Res 5:186–188

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Demerdash FM, Yousef MI, Kedwany FS, Baghdadi HH (2004) Cadmium induced changes in lipid peroxidation, blood hematology, biochemical parameters and semen quality of male rats: protective role of vitamin E and β-carotene. Food Chem Toxicol 42:1563–1571

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dewanjee S, Gangopadhyay M, Sahu R, Karmakar S (2013) Cadmium induced pathophysiology: protective role of edible jute (Corchorus olitorius) leaves with special emphasis on oxidative stress and mitochondrial involvement. Food Chem Toxicol 60:188–198

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dhule SS, Penfornis P, Frazier T, Walker R, Feldman J, Tan G, He J, Alb A, John V, Pochampally R (2012) Curcumin-loaded c-cyclodextrin liposomal nanoparticles as delivery vehicles for osteosarcoma. Nanomed Nanotechnol Biol Med 8:440–451

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ding WX, Ni HM, Francesca DD et al (2004) Bid-dependent generation of oxygen radicals promotes death receptor activation-induced apoptosis in murine hepatocytes. Hepatology 40:403–413

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ding X, Hua Y, Chen Y, Zhang C, Kong X (2015) Heavy metal complexation of thiol-containing peptides from soy glycinin hydrolysates. Int J Mol Sci 2015(16):8040–8058

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dua TK, Dewanjee S, Khanra R, Bhattacharya N, Bhaskar B, Zoa-UI-Haq M, De Feo V (2015) The effects of two common edible herbs, Ipomoea aquatica and Enhydra fluctuans, on cadmium-induced pathophysiology: a focus on oxidative defence and anti-apoptotic mechanism. J Transl Med 13:245

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • El-Boshy M, Ashshi A, Gaith M, Qusty N, Bokhary T, Aitaweel N, Abdelhady M (2017) Studies on the protective effect of the artichoke (Cynara scolymus) leaf extract against cadmium toxicity-induced oxidative stress, hepatorenal damage, and immunosuppressive and haematological disorders in rats. Environ Sci Pollut Res 24:12372–12383

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • El-Demerdash F, Yousef M, Radwan F (2009) Ameliorating effect of curcumin on sodium arsenite-induced oxidative damage and lipid peroxidation in different rat organs. Food Chem Toxicol 47:249–254

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Faustino PJ, Yongsheng Y, Progar JJ, Brownell CR, Sadrieh N, May JC, Leutzinger E, Place DA, Duffy EP, Houn F, Loewke SA, Mecozzi VJ, Ellison CD, Khan MA, Hussain AS, Lyon RC (2008) Quantitative determination of caesium binding to ferric hexacyanoferrate: Prussian blue. J Pharm Biomed Anal 47:114–125

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Feng T, Su J, Ding ZH, Li Y, Liu JK, Leng Y, Zheng YT (2011) Chemical constituents and their bioactivities of “Tongling white ginger” (Zingiber officinale). J Agric Food Chem 59:11690–11695

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fernandez MT, Mira ML, Florencio MH, Jennings KR (2002) Iron and copper chelation by flavonoids: an electrospray mass spectrometry study. J Inorg Biochem 92:105–111

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ferrari E, Benassi R, Sacchi S, Pignedoli F, Asti M, Saladini M (2014) Curcumin derivatives as metal-chelating agents with potential multifunctional activity for pharmaceutical applications. J Inorg Biochem 139:38–48

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Flaten TP (2001) Aluminum as a risk factor in Alzheimer’s disease, with emphasis on drinking water. Brain Res Bull 55:187–196

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Flora SJS (2002) Lead in the environment: prevention and treatment. J Environ Biol 23:29–44

    Google Scholar 

  • Flora SJS, Pachauri V (2010) Chelation in metal intoxication: review. Int J Environ Res Public Health 7:2745–2788

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Flora SJ, Bhadauria S, Kannan GM, Singh N (2007) Arsenic induced oxidative stress and the role of antioxidant supplementation during chelation: a review. J Environ Biol 333-347

  • Flora SJS, Mittal M, Mehta A (2008) Heavy metal induced oxidative stress & its possible reversal by chelation therapy. Indian J Med Res 2008(128):501–523

    Google Scholar 

  • Flora SJ, Mehta A, Gupta R (2009) Prevention of arsenic-induced hepatic apoptosis by concomitant administration of garlic extracts in mice. Chem Biol Interact 177:227–233

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Flora G, Gupta D, Tiwari A (2013) Preventive efficacy of bulk and nanocurcumin against lead-induced oxidative stress in mice. Biol Trace Elem Res 152:31–40

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Foti MC, Daquino C, DiLabio GA (2011) Kinetics of the oxidation of quercetin by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•). Org Lett 13:4826–4829

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Frankel EN, Huang SW, Aeschbach R, Prior E (1996) Antioxidant activity of a rosemary extract and its constituents, carnosinic acid, carnosol and rosmarinic acid, in bulk oil and oil-in-water emulsion. J Agric Food Chem 44:131–135

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Furst A (2002) Can nutrition affect chemical toxicity? Int J Toxicol 21:419–424

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gailer J (2007) Arsenic–selenium and mercury–selenium bonds in biology. Coord Chem Rev 251:234–254

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gailer J (2009) Chronic toxicity of As(III) in mammals: the role of (GS)(2)AsSe(−). Biochimie 91:1268–1272

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gailer J (2012) Probing the bioinorganic chemistry of toxic metals in the mammalian bloodstream to advance human health. J Inorg Biochem 108:128–132

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ganesan S, Faris AN, Comstock AT (2012) Quercetin inhibits rhinovirus replication in vitro and in vivo. Antivir Res 94:258–271

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gangwar RK, Dhumale VA, Kumari D, Nakate UT, Gosavi SW, Sharma RB, Kale SN, Datar S (2012) Conjugation of curcumin with PVP capped gold nanoparticles for improving bioavailability. Mater Sci Eng 32:2659–2663

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Garbetta A, Capotorto I, Cardinali A, D’Antuono I, Linsalata V, Flavia PF, Minervini F (2014) Antioxidant activity induced by main polyphenols present in edible artichoke heads: influence of in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. J Funct Foods 10:456–464

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Garcia-Nino WR, Pedraza-Chaverri J (2014) Protective effect of curcumin against heavy metals-induced liver damage-review. Food Chem Toxicol 69:182–201

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Geldof N, Engeseth NJ (2002) Antioxidant capacity of honeys from various floral sources based on the determination of oxygen radical absorbance capacity and inhibition of In vitro lipoprotein oxidation in human serum samples. J Agric Food Chem 50:3050–3055

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ghatak S, Biswas A, Dhali GK et al (2011) Oxidative stress and hepatic stellate cell activation are key events in arsenic induced liver fibrosis in mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 251:59–69

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gholamreza D, Zahra K (2012) Tin(II)–quercetin complex: synthesis, spectral characterisation and antioxidant activity. Food Chem 131:422–426

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gibb H, O’Leary KC (2014) Mercury exposure and health impacts among individuals in the artisanal and small-scale gold mining community: a comprehensive review. Environ Health Perspect 122:667–672

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gillis BS, Arbievm Z, Gavin IM (2012) Analysis of lead toxicity in human cells. BMC Genomics 13:344

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Giorgi M, Mahdy T, Adewole T, Ernest F, Idoko I, Matey M, Ozele N, Oladipo S, Sunday M (2012) Effect of Moringa olifera, activated carbon and wood charcoal on biochemical and haematological parameters of Wistar rats exposed to lead acetate. Medycyna Weterynaryjna 68:96–101

    Google Scholar 

  • Gong C, Deng S, Wu Q, Xiang M, Wei X, Li L, Gao X, Wang B, Sun L, Chen Y, Li Y, Liu L, Qian Z, Wei Y (2013) Improving antiangiogenesis and anti-tumor activity of curcumin by biodegradable polymeric micelles. Biomaterials 34:1413–1432

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • González-Montelongo R, Lobo MG, González M (2010) Antioxidant activity in banana peel extracts: testing extraction conditions and related bioactive compounds. Food Chem 119:1030–1039

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Greger JL (1993) Aluminum metabolism. Annu Rev Nutr 13:43–63

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gulcin İ, Buyukokuroglu ME, Kufrevioglu OI (2003) Metal chelating and hydrogen peroxide scavenging effects of melatonin. J Pineal Res 34:278–281

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gunshin H, Mackenzie B, Berger U (1997) Cloning and characterization of a mammalian proton-coupled metal-ion transporter. Nature 388:6264–6626

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gupta VK, Singh S, Agrawal A, Siddiqi NJ, Sharma B (2015) Phytochemicals mediated remediation of neurotoxicity induced by heavy metals: review. Biochem Res Int 1-10

  • Gutteridge JMC (1995) Lipid peroxidation and antioxidants as biomarkers of tissue damage. Clin Chem 41:1819–1828

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hall MN, Niedzwiecki M, Liu X et al (2013) Chronic arsenic exposure and blood glutathione and glutathione disulfide concentrations in Bangladeshi adults. Environ Health Perspect 121:1068–1074

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hamed EA, Meki AR, Abd El-Mottaleb NA (2010) Protective effect of green tea on lead-induced oxidative damage in rat blood and brain tissue homogenates. J Physiol Biochem 66:143–151

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hanafy MSM, Shalaby SM, Elfonly MAA, Abdel Aziz MI, Soliman FO (1994) Effect of garlic on lead contents in chicken tissue. Deutsche — Tierarztlide-wochenschrift 101:157–158

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hatamipour M, Johnston TP, Sahebkar A (2018) One molecule, many targets and numerous effects: the pleiotropy of curcumin lies in its chemical structure. Curr Pharm Des 2018. https://doi.org/10.2174/1381612824666180522111036

  • Heidarian E, Rafieian-Kopaei M (2013) Protective effect of artichoke (Cynara scolymus) leaf extract against lead toxicity in rat. Pharm Biol 51:1104–1109

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hernandez-Hernandez E, Ponce-Alquicira E, Jaramillo-Flores ME, Guerrero-Legarreta I (2009) Antioxidant effect of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) and oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) extracts on TBARS and colour of model raw pork batters. Meat Sci 81:410–417

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Howard H (2002) Human health and heavy metals exposure. In: McCally M (ed) Life support: the environment and human health. Cambridge MIT press, Cambridge, pp 1–13

    Google Scholar 

  • Hsu DZ, Chen KT, Chu PY, Li YH, Liu MY (2007) Sesame oil protects against lead-plus-lipopolysaccharide–induced acute hepatic injury. Shock 27:334–337

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ichikawa M, Ide N, Yoshida J, Yamaguchi H, Ono K (2006) Determination of seven organosulfur compounds in garlic by high-performance liquid chromatography. J Agric Food Chem 54:1535–1540

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jarup L, Berglund M, Elinder CG, Nordberg G, Vahter M (1998) Health effects of cadmium—a review of the literature and a risk estimate. Stand J Environ Health 24:1–51

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jiang T, Wang L, Zhang S, Sun PC, Ding CF, Chu YQ, Zhou P (2011) Interaction of curcumin with Al (III) and its complex structures based on experiments and theoretical calculations. J Mol Struct 1004:163–173

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jiang T, Zhi XL, Zhang YH, Pan LF, Zhou P (2012) Inhibitory effect of curcumin on the Al (III)-induced Aβ 42 aggregation and neurotoxicity in vitro. Biochim Biophys Acta (BBA) – Mol Basis Dis 1822:1207–1215

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson FO, Aitchison WD (2009) The role of environmental mercury, lead and pesticide exposure in development of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neurotoxicology 30:761–765

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jomova K, Valko M (2011) Advances in metal-induced oxidative stress and human disease. Toxicology 283:65–87

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Juliani HR, Simon JE (2002) Antioxidant activity of basil (Ocimum spp.). In: Janick J (ed) New crops and new uses: strength in diversity. ASHS Press, Virginia, pp 575–579

    Google Scholar 

  • Jun WJ, Han BK, Yu KW, Kim MS, Chang IS, Kim HY, Cho HC (2001) Antioxidant effects of Origanum majorana L. on superoxide anion radicals. Food Chem 75:439–444

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kannan GM, Flora SJS (2004) Chronic arsenic poisoning in the rats: treatment with combined administration of succimers and an antioxidants. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 58:37–43

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kanazawa K, Sakakibara H (2000) High content of dopamine, a strong antioxidant, in cavendish banana. J Agric Food Chem 48:844–848

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kapadia GJ, Azuine MA, Tokuda H et al (2002) Chemopreventive effect of resveratrol, sesamol, sesame oil and sunflower oil in the Epstein-Barr virus early antigen activation assay and the mouse skin two-stage carcinogenesis. Pharmacol Res 45:499–504

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kapoor IPS, Singh B, Singh G, Heluani CS, Lampasona MP, Catalan CAN (2009) Chemical and in vitro antioxidant activity of volatile oil and oleoresins of black pepper (Piper nigrum). J Agric Food Chem 57:5358–5364

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kasi VE, Satish Rao BS, Nageshwar RB (2010) Antigenotoxic effect of Mangiferin and changes in antioxidant enzyme levels of Swiss albino mice treated with cadmium chloride. Hum Exp Toxicol 29:409–418

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kaushik G, Satya S, Naik SN (2011) Green tea: protective action against oxidative damage nduced by xenobiotics. Mediterr J Nutr Metab 4:11–31

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Khanduja KL (2003) Stable free radical scavenging and antiperoxidative properties of resveratrol in vitro compared with some other bioflavonoids. Ind J Biochem Biophys 40:416–422

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Khanra R, Dewanjee S, Dua TK, Sahu R, Gangopadhyay M, De Feo V et al (2015) Abroma augusta L. (Malvaceae) leaf extract attenuates diabetes induced nephropathy and cardiomyopathy via inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammatory response. J Transl Med 13:6

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Khatun M, Eguchi S, Yamaguchi T, Takamura H, Matoba T (2006) Effect of thermal treatment on radical-scavenging activity of some spices. Food Sci Technol Res 12:178–185

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kianoush S, Balali-Mood M, Mousavi SR, Moradi V, Sadeghi M, Dadpour B, Rajabi O, Shakeri MT (2012) Comparison of therapeutic effects of garlic and d-penicillamine in patients with chronic occupational lead poisoning. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 110:476–481

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kidd PM (2009) Bioavailability and activity of phytosome complexes from botanical polyphenols: the silymarin, curcumin, green tea, and grape seedextracts. Altern Med Rev 14:226–246

    Google Scholar 

  • Kim K, Cho HY (2001) Antioxidant effects of Origanum majorana L. on superoxide anion radicals. Food Chem 75:439–444

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kim W, Kim DW, Yoo DY, Jung HY, Nam SM, Kim JW, Hong SM, Kim DW, Choi JH, Moon SM, Yoon YS, Hwang IK (2014) Dendropanax morbifera Léveille extract facilitates cadmium excretion and prevents oxidative damage in the hippocampus by increasing antioxidant levels in cadmium-exposed rats. BMC Complement Altern Med 14:428

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Klaassen CD (2006) Heavy metals and heavy metal antagonists. In: Goodman L, Gilman A (eds) The pharmacological basis of therapeutics. McGraw Hill, Medical Publishing Division, New York, pp 1825–1872

    Google Scholar 

  • Knudtson ML, Wyse KG, Galbraith PD (2002) Chelation therapy for ischemic heart disease. A randomized controlled trail. J Am Med Assoc 287:481–486

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Koala AB, Horvat M, Prezelj M, Brisk AS, Krsnik M, Dizdarevic T, Majez D, Falnoga I, Stabile Y, Arneric N, Kobal D, Osredkar J (2004) The impact of long-term past exposure to elemental mercury on antioxidative capacity and lipid peroxidation in mercury miners. J Trace Elem Med Biol 17:261–274

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kosnett MJ (2009) Heavy metal intoxication & chelators: in Basic and clinical pharmacology. In: Katzung BG, Masters SB, Trevor AJ (eds) , 11th edn. McGraw Hill, Singapore, pp 999–1011

    Google Scholar 

  • Kostial K, Kargačin B, Landeka M (1988) 2,3-Dimercaptopropane-1-sodium sultanate for reducing retention of ingested Hg in suckling rats. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 41:185–188

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kucukgergin C, Aydin AF, Erata GO, Mehmetcik G, Toker NK, Uysa IM (2010) Effect of artichoke leaf extract on hepatic and cardiac oxidative stress in rats fed on high cholesterol diet. Trace Elem Res 135:264–274

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lawal AO, Ellis EM (2011) The chemopreventive effects of aged garlic extract against cadmium-induced toxicity. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 32:266–274

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lawal B, Shittu OK, Oibiokpa FI, Eustace B, Berinyuy EB, Mohammed H (2016) African natural products with potential antioxidants and hepatoprotectives properties: a review. Clinical Phytoscience 2:23

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lawson LD, Ransom DK, Hughes BG (1992) Inhibition of whole blood platelet aggregation by compounds in garlic clove extracts and commercial garlic products. Throm Res 65:141–156

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee J, Mitchell AE (2012) Pharmacokinetics of quercetin absorption from apples and onions in healthy humans. J Agric Food Chem 60:3874–3881

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee J, Scagel CF (2009) Chicoric acid found in basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) leaves. Food Chem 115:650–656

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee AJ, Umano K, Shibamoto T, Lee KG (2005) Identification of volatile components in basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) and thyme leaves (Thymus vulgaris L.) and their antioxidant properties. Food Chem 91:131–137

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li Y, Yan X, Chen C (2007) Human serum albumin—mercurial species interactions. J Proteome Res 6:2277–2286

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li AN, Li S, Zhang YJ, Xu XR, Chen YM, Li HB (2014) Resources and biological activities of natural polyphenols. Nutrients 6:6020–6047

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li SG, Ding YS, Niu Q, Xu SZ, Pang LJ, Ma RL, Jing MX, Feng GL, Liu JM, Guo SX (2015) Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract alleviates arsenic-induced oxidative reproductive toxicity in male mice. Biomed Environ Sci 28:272–280

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li X, Jiang X, Sun J, Li X, Tian L, Liu L, Bai W (2017) Cytoprotective effects of dietary flavonoids against cadmium-induced toxicity. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1398:5–19

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lin C, Lin H, Chen H, Yu M, Lee M (2009) Stability and characterisation of phospholipid-based curcumin-encapsulated microemulsions. Food Chem 116:923–928

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lindeque JZ, Levanets O, Louw R, van den Westhuizen FH (2010) The involvement of metallothioneins in mitochondrial function and disease. Curr Protein Peptide Sci 11:292–309

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lindsay RC (1996) Food additives. In: Fennema OR (ed) Food chemistry. Marcel Dekker Inc., New York, pp 778–780

    Google Scholar 

  • Lou M, Garay R, Alda J (1991) Cadmium uptake through the anion exchanger in human red blood cells. J Physiol 443:123–136

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lou JR, Zhang XX, Zheng J, Ding WQ (2010) Transient metals enhance cytotoxicity of curcumin: potential involvement of the NF-κB and mTOR signaling pathways. Anticancer Res 30:3249–3255

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lu J, Jiang H, Liu B, Baiyun R, Li S, Lv Y, Li D, Qiao S, Tan X, Zhang Z (2018) Grape seed procyanidin extract protects against Pb-induced lung toxicity by activating the AMPK/Nrf2/p62 signaling axis. Food Chem Toxicol 116:59–69

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lugasi A, Dworschak E, Hovari J (1995) Characterization of scavenging activity of natural polyphenols by chemiluminescence technique. Federation of the European Chemists’ Society. Proceedings of the European Food Chemists. VIII, Vienna, Austria, September. 3, pp 639–643

  • Lupea AX, Pop M, Cacig S (2008) Structure-radical scavenging activity relationships of flavonoids from Ziziphus and Hydrangea extracts. Rev Chim 59:309–313

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lutz M, Henríquez C, Escobar M (2011) Chemical composition and antioxidant properties of mature and baby artichokes (Cynara scolymus L.), raw and cooked. J Food Compos Anal 24:49–54

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Manley SA, Gailer J (2009) Analysis of the plasma metalloproteome by SEC-ICP-AES: bridging proteomics and metabolomics. Expert Rev Proteomics 6:251–265

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Manley SA, George GN, Pickering IJ, Glass RS, Prenner EJ, Yamdagni R, Wu Q, Gailer J (2006) The seleno bis(S-glutathionyl) arsinium ion is assembled in erythrocyte lysate. Chem Res Toxicol 19:601–607

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mann T, Tomiyama AJ, Westling E, Lew AM, Samuels B, Chatman J (2007) Medicare's search for effective obesity treatments: diets are not the answer. Am Psychol 62(3):220

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Martins JB, Chaudhary AK, Jiang S, Kwofie M, Mackie P, Miller FJ (2014) Role of NADPH oxidase and xanthine oxidase in mediating inducible vt/vf and triggered activity in a canine model of myocardial ischemia. Int J Mol Sci 15:20079–20100

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mathee A, Naicker N, Teare J (2015) Retrospective investigation of a lead poisoning outbreak from the consumption of an Ayurvedic medicine: Durban, South Africa. Int J Environ Res Public Health 12:7804–7813

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mehana EE, Meki ARMA, Fazili KM (2010) Ameliorated effects of green tea extract on lead induced liver toxicity in rats. Exp Toxicol Pathol 64:291–295

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mehta A, Flora SJS (2001) Possible role of metal redistribution, hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress in chelating agents induced hepatic and renal metallothionein in rats. Food Chem Toxicol 39:1039–1043

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Menke A, Muntner P, Silbergeld EK, Platz EA, Guallar E (2009) Cadmium levels in urine and mortality among U.S. adult. Environ Health Perspect 117:190–196

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Met X, Xu D, Xu S, Zheng Y, Xu S (2011) Gastroprotective and antidepressant effects of a new zinc (II)–curcumin complex in rodent models of gastric ulcer and depression induced by stresses. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 99:66–74

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miller KL, Liebowitz RS, Newby LK (2004) Complementary and alternative medicine in cardiovascular diseases: a review of biologically based approaches. Am Heart J 147:401–411

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Miron T, Rabinkov A, Mirelman D, Wilchek M, Weiner L (2000) The mode of action of allicin: its ready permeability through phospholipids membrane may contribute to its biological activity. Biochim Biophys Acts 1463:20–30

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mishra D, Flora SJS (2008) Quercetin administration during chelation therapy protects arsenic-induced oxidative stress in mice. Biol Trace Elem Res 122:137–147

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mitra E, Ghosh AK, Ghosh D, Mukherjee D, Chattopadhyay A, Dutta S, Pattari SK, Bandyopadhyay D (2012) Protective effect of aqueous curry leaf (Murraya koenigii) extract against cadmium-induced oxidative stress in rat heart. Food Chem Toxicol 50:1340–1353

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mittal R, Gupta RL (2000) In vitro antioxidant activity of piperine. Methods Exp Clin Pharm 22:271–274

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miura K, Kikuzaki H, Nakatani N (2002) Antioxidant activity of chemical components from sage (Salvia officinalis L.) and thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) measured by the oil stability index method. J Agric Food Chem 50:1845–1851

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mohammed E, Hashem K, Rheim M (2014) Biochemical study on the impact of Nigella sativa and virgin olive oils on cadmium-induced nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity in rats. J Investig Biochem 3:71–78

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Morais DR, Rotta EM, Sargi SC, Schmidt EM, Bonafe EG, Eberlin MN et al (2015) Antioxidant activity, phenolics and UPLC-ESI(−)-MS of extracts from different tropical fruits parts and processed peels. Food Res Int 77:392–399

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • MSF (Medecins Sans Frontieres) (2012). Lead poisoining crisis in Zamfara State, Northern Nigeria: Briefing Paper, International Lead poisoning Conference-Abuja, Nigeria

  • Muchuweti M, Kativu E, Mupure CH, Chidewe C, Ndhlala AR, Benhura MAN (2007) Phenolic composition and antioxidant properties of some spices. Am J Food Technol 2:414–420

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Muruganandan S, Lal J, Gupta PK (2005) Immunotherapeutic effects of mangiferin mediated by the inhibition of oxidative stress to activated lymphocytes, neutrophils and macrophages. Toxicology 215:57–68

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Murugavel P, Pari L, Sitasawad SL, Kumar S, Kumar S (2007) Cadmium induced mitochondrial injury and apoptosis in vero cells: protective effect of diallyl tetrasufide from garlic. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 39:161–170

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nabavi SF, Russo GL, Daglia M et al (2015) Role of quercetin as an alternative for obesity treatment: you are what you eat! Food Chem 179:305–310

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nair AR, DeGheselle O, Smeets K, Kerkhove EV, Cuypers A (2013) Cadmium induced pathologies: where is the oxidative balance lost (or not). Int J Mol Sci 14:6116–6143

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nakatani N (2003) Biologically functional constituents of spices and herbs. J Jpn Soc Nut Food Sci 56:389–395

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Naujokas MF, Anderson B, Ahsan H et al (2013) The broad scope of health effects from chronic arsenic exposure: update on a worldwide public health problem. Environ Health Perspect 121:295–302

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nawar WF (1996) Lipids. In: Fennema O (ed) Food chemistry, 3rd edn. Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, pp 225–320

    Google Scholar 

  • Needleman H (2004) Lead poisoning. Annu Rev Med 55:209–222

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nemsadze K, Sanikidze T, Ratiani L, Gabunia L, Sharashenidze T (2009) Mechanisms of lead-induced poisoning. Georgian Med News pp 92–96

  • Nwokocha CR, Nwokocha MI, Aneto I, Obi J, Udekweleze DC, Olatunde B, Owu DU, Iwuala MO (2012a) Comparative analysis on the effect of Lycopersicon esculentum (tomato) in reducing cadmium, mercury and lead accumulation in liver. Food Chem Toxicol 50:2070–2073

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nwokocha CR, Owu DU, Nwokocha MI, Ufearo CS, Iwuala MO (2012b) Comparative study on the efficacy of Allium sativum (garlic) in reducing some heavy metal accumulation in liver of Wistar rats. Food Chem Toxicol 50:222–226

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Oboh G, Akinyemi AJ, Ademiluyi AO (2010) Antioxidant and inhibitory effect of red ginger (Zingiber officinalevar. Rubra) and white ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) on Fe2+ induced lipid peroxidation in rat brain in vitro. Exp Toxicol Pathol 64:2–7

    Google Scholar 

  • Offor SJ, Mbagwu HOC, Orisakwe OE (2017a) Lead-induced hepato-renal damage in male albino rats and effects of activated charcoal. Front Pharmacol 8:107

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Offor SJ, Mbagwu HOC, Orisakwe OE (2017b) Lack of beneficial effect of activated charcoal in lead induced testicular toxicity in male albino rats. Middle East Fertil Soc 22:189–192

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Oguzturk H, Ciftci O, Aydin M, Timurkaan N, Beytur A, Yilmaz F (2012) Ameliorative effects of curcumin against acute cadmium toxicity on male reproductive system in rats. Andrologia 44:243–249

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Okada Y, Tanaka K, Fujita I, Sato E, Okajima H (2005) Antioxidant activity of thiosulfinates derived from garlic. Redox Rep 10:96–102

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ola-Mudathir KF, Suru SM, Fafunso MA, Obioha UE, Faremi TY (2008) Protective roles of onion and garlic extracts on cadmium-induced changes in sperm characteristics and testicular oxidative damage in rats. Food Chem Toxicol 46:3604–3611

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Orhan I, Kartal M, Naz Q, Ejaz A, Yilmaz G, Kan Y, Konuklugil B, Sener B, Choudhary MI (2007) Antioxidant and anticholinesterase evaluation of selected Turkish Salvia species. Food Chem 103:1247–1254

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Orisakwe OE (2011) Nigeria: environmental health concerns. In: Nriagu JO (ed) Encyclopedia of environmental health, volume 4. Elsevier, Burlington, pp 114–124

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Orisakwe OE (2014) Lead and cadmium in public health in Nigeria: physicians neglect and pitfall in patient management. N Am J Med Sci 6:61–70

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ouarda M, Abdennour C (2011) Evaluation of the therapeutic efficiency of raw garlic on reproduction of domestic rabbits under lead induced toxicity. Ann Biol Res 2:389–393

    Google Scholar 

  • Ozsoy N, Candoken E, Akev N (2009) Implications for degenerative disorders: antioxidative activity, total phenols, flavonoids, ascorbic acid, beta-carotene and beta-tocopherol in Aloe vera. Oxidative Med Cell Longev 2:99–106

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Padurar I, Paduraru O, Miron A (2008) Assessment of antioxidant activity of Basilica herba aqueous extract—in vitro studies. Farmacia 160:402–408

    Google Scholar 

  • Pandey S, Vinamra S, Sharma V, Chaudhary AK (2016) Chelation therapy and chelating agents of Ayurveda. Int J Green Pharm 10:143

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Park JD, Cherrington NJ, Klaassen CD (2002) Intestinal absorption of cadmium is associated with divalent metal transporter 1 in rats. Toxicol Sci 68:288–294

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Patrick L (2006) Lead toxicity part II: the role of free radical damage and the use of antioxidants in the pathology and treatment of lead toxicity. Altern Med Rev 11:114–127

    Google Scholar 

  • Peralta-Videa JR, Lopez ML, Narayan M, Saupe GJ (2009) The biochemistry of environmental heavy metal uptake by plants: implications for the food chain. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 41:1665–1677

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pinto MM, Sous ME, Nascimento MS (2005) Xanthone derivatives: new insights in biological activities. Curr Med Chem 12:2517–2538

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pires VC, Gollücke A, Ribeiro DA, Lungato L, D’Almeida V, Aguiar O (2013) Grape juice concentrate protects reproductive parameters of male rats against cadmium-induced damage: a chronic assay. Br J Nutr 110:2020–2029

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pizzale L, Bortolomeazzi R, Vichi S, Uberegger E, Conte LS (2002) Antioxidant activity of sage (Salvia officinalis and S. fructicosa) and oregano (Origanum onites and O. indercedens) extracts related to their phenolic compound content. J Agric Food Chem 82:1645–1651

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Policegoudra RS, Abiraj K, Gowda DC, Aradhya SM (2007) Isolation and characterization of antioxidant and antibacterial compound from mango ginger (Curcuma amada Roxb.) rhizome. J Chromatogr B 852:40–48

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Policegoudra RS, Rehna K, Rao LJ, Aradhya SM (2010) Antimicrobial, antioxidant, cytotoxicity and platelet aggregation inhibitory activity of a novel molecule isolated and characterized from mango ginger (Curcuma amada Roxb.) rhizome. J Biosci 35:231–240

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ponomarenko O, LaPorte PF, Singh SP, Langan G, Fleming DEB, Spallholz J, Alauddin M, Ahsan H, Ahmed S, Gailer J, George GN, Pickering IJ (2017) Selenium-mediated arsenic excretion in mammals: a synchrotron-based study of whole-body distribution and tissue-specific chemistry. Metallomics 9:1585–1595

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pucci D, Bellini T, Crispini A et al (2012) DNA binding and cytotoxicity of fluorescent curcumin-based Zn (II) complexes. Med Chem Commun 3:462–468

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Radia B, Ouarda M, Cherif A, Salah BM, Kamel K (2014) What is the benefit of garlic supplementation to Pb intoxicated rats? Adv Environ Biol 8:268–275

    Google Scholar 

  • Rajeshwari U, Andallu B (2011) Medicinal benefits of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L). Spatula DD 1:51–58

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reddy YA, Chalamaiah M, Ramesh B, Balaji G, Indira P (2011) Ameliorating activity of ginger (Zingiber officinale) extract against lead induced renal toxicity in male rats. J Food Sci Technol 1:1–7

    Google Scholar 

  • Reeves WC, Marcuard SP, Willis SE, Movahed A (1989) Reversible cardiomyopathy due to selenium deficiency. J Parenter Enter Nut 13:663–665

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rehman Z, Salariya AM, Habib F (2003) Antioxidant activity of ginger extract in sunflower oil. J Agric Food Chem 83:624–629

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rehman K, Fatima F, Waheed I, Akash MSH (2017) Prevalence of exposure of heavy metals and their impact on health consequences. J Cell Biochem 1–28

  • Rennolds J, Malireddy S, Hassan F et al (2012) Curcumin regulates airway epithelial cell cytokine responses to the pollutant cadmium. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 417:256–261

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Riaz M, Zia-Ul-Haq M, Ur-Rahman N, Ahmad M (2014) Neuropharmacological effects of methanolic extracts of Rubus fruticosus L. Turk J Med Sci 44:454–460

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Richheimer SL, Bernart MW, King GA, Kent MC, Bailey DT (1996) Antioxidant activity of lipid-soluble phenolic diterpenes from rosemary. J Am Oil Chem Soc 73:507–514

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Robertson A, Tenenbein M (2005) Hepatotoxicity in acute iron poisoning. Hum Exp Toxicol 24:559–562

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roopha D, Padmalathat C (2012) Effect of herbal preparation on heavy metal (cadmium) induced antioxidant system in female Wistar rats. J Med Toxicol 8:101–107

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ross L, Barclay RC, Vinqvist MR, Mukai K, Goto H, Hashimoto Y, Tokunaga A, Uno H (2000) On the antioxidant mechanism of curcumin: classical methods are needed to determine antioxidant mechanism and activity. Orig Let 2:2841–2843

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roy M, Sinha D, Mukherjee S, Biswas J (2011) Curcumin prevents DNA damage and enhances the repair potential in a chronically arsenic-exposed human population in West Bengal, India. Eur J Cancer Prev 20:123–131

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rusyniak DE, Arroyo A, Acciani J, Froberg B, Kao L, Furbee B (2010) Heavy metal poisoning: management of intoxication and antidotes. EXS:1–33

  • Samaranayaka A, Li-Chan E (2011) Food-derived peptidic antioxidants: a review of their production, assessment, and potential applications. J Funct Foods 3:229e254

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sanghamitra S, Hazra J, Upadhyay SN et al (2008) Arsenic induced toxicity on testicular tissue of mice. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 52:84–90

    Google Scholar 

  • Sankar D, Sambandam G, Ramakrishna RM, Pugalendi KV (2005) Modulation of blood pressure, lipid profiles and redox status in hypertensive patientstaking different edible oils. Clin Chim Acta 355:97–104

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Santhosha SG, Jamuna P, Prkbhavathi SN (2013) Bioactive components of garlic and their physiological role in health maintenance: A review. Food Biosci 3:59–74

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sarpong-Kumankomah S, Gibson MA, Gailer J (2018) Organ damage by toxic metals is critically determined by the bloodstream. Coord Chem Rev 374:376–386

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sasakura C, Suzuki KT (1998) Biological interaction between transition metals (ag, cd and hg), selenide/sulfide and selenoprotein P. J Inorg Biochem 71:159–162

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Satish-Rao BS, Sreedevi MV, Nageshwar Rao B (2009) Cytoprotective and antigenotoxic potential of Mangiferin, a glucosylxanthone against cadmium chloride induced toxicity in HepG2 cells. Food Chem Toxicol 47:592–600

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saunders JE, Jastrzembski BG, Buckey JC, Enriquez D, Mackenzie TA, Karagas MR (2013) Hearing loss and heavy metal toxicity in a Nicaraguan minning community: audiological results and case reports. Audiol Neurotol 18:101–113

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sears ME (2013) Chelation: harnessing and enhancing heavy metal detoxification- a review. Sci World J 2013:13

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Senapati SK, Dey S, Dwivedi SK, Swarup D (2001) Effect of garlic (Allium sativum L.) extract on tissue lead level in rats. J Ethnopharmacol 76:229–232

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shahidi F, McDonald J, Chandrasekara A (2008) Phytochemicals of foods, beverages and fruit vinegars: chemistry and health effects. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 17:380–382

    Google Scholar 

  • Shan B, Cai YZ, Sun M, Corke H (2005) Antioxidant capacity of 26 spice extracts and characterization of their phenolic constituents. J Agric Food Chem 53:7749–7759

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sharma V, Sharma A, Kansal L (2010) The effect of oral administration of Allium sativum extracts on lead nitrate induced toxicity in male mice. Food Chem Toxicol 48:928–936

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sharma V, Kansal L, Sharma A, Lodi S, Sharma SH (2011) Protective role of Coriandrum sativum (coriander) extracts against lead nitrate induced oxidative stress and tissue damage in the liver and kidney in male mice. Int J Appl Biol Pharm Technol 2:65–83

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shouk R, Abdou A, Shetty D, Sarkar AH (2014) Mechanisms underlying the antihypertensive effects of garlic bioactives. Nutr Res 34:106–115

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Singh P, Sankhla V (2010) In situ protective effect of curcumin on cadmium chloride induced genotoxicity in bone marrow chromosomes of Swiss albino mice. J Cell Mol Biol 8:57–64

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Singh A, Ward OP (2004) Biodegradation and bioremediation. Springer, Berlin, p 237

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Singh BP, Vij S, Hati S (2014) Functional significance of bioactive peptides derived from soybean. Peptides 54:171–179

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sinicropi MS, Amantea D, Caruso A, Saturnino C (2010) Chemical and biological properties of toxic metals and use of chelating agents for the pharmacological treatment of metal poisoning. Arch Toxicol 84:501–520

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smith AH, Hopenhayn-Rich C, Bates MN et al (1992) Cancer risks from arsenic in drinking water. Environ Health Perspect 97:259–267

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Someya S, Yoshiki Y, Okubo K (2002) Antioxidant compounds from bananas (Musa Cavendish). Food Chem 79:351–354

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Speisky H, Gómez M, Carrasco-Pozo C, Pastene E, Lopez-Alarcón C, Olea-Azar C (2008) Cu(I)-glutathione complex: a potential source of superoxide radicals generation. Bioorg Med Chem 16:6568–6574

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sroka Z, Cisowski W (2003) Hydrogen peroxide scavenging, antioxidant and anti-radical activity of some phenolic acids. Food Chem Toxicol 41:753–758

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sutherland BA, Rahman RMA, Appleton I (2006) Mechanisms of action of green tea catechins, with a focus on ischema induced neurodegeneration. J Nutr Biochem 17:291–306

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Talbot S, Nelson R, Self WT (2008) Arsenic trioxide and auranofin inhibit selenoprotein synthesis: implications for chemotherapy for acute promyelocytic leukaemia. Br J Pharmacol 154:940–948

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tarasub N, Junseecha T, Tarasub C, Devakul Na Ayutthaya W (2012) Protective effects of curcumin, vitamin C, or their combination on cadmium-induced hepatotoxicity. J Basic Clin Pharm 3:273–281

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tchounwou PB, Yedjon CG, Patlolla AK, Sutton DJ (2016) Heavy metal toxicity and the environment. EXS 101:133–164

    Google Scholar 

  • Telisman S, Colak B, Pizent A, Jurassic J, Vitkovic P (2007) Reproductive toxicity of low-level lead exposure in men. Environ Res 105:256–266

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thuppil V, Tannir S (2013) Treating lead toxicity: possibilities beyond synthetic chelation-review article. JKIMSU 2:4–31

    Google Scholar 

  • Tito A, Carola A, Bimonte M, Barbulova A, Arciello S, de Laurentiis F, Monoli I, Hill J, Gibertoni S, Colucci G (2011) A tomato stem cell extract, containing antioxidant compounds and metal chelating factors, protects skin cells from heavy metal-induced damages. Int J Cosmet Sci 33:543–552

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tomaino A, Cimino F, Zimbalatti V, Venuti V, Sulfaro V, de Pasquale A, Saija A (2005) Influence of heating on antioxidant activity and the chemical composition of some spice essential oils. Food Chem 89:549–554

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tong L, Zhang J, Liu Q, Zhai G (2016) Sb (III)–quercetin complex: synthesis, characterization and antioxidant activity. Life Sci J 13:127–133

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Torres E, Marín V, Aburto V, Beltrán HI, Shirai K, Villanueva S, Sandoval G (2012) Enzymatic modification of chitosan with quercetin and its application as antioxidant edible films. Appl Biochem Microbiol 48:151–158

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Trisak S, Doumgdee P, Rode B (1990) Binding of zinc and cadmium to human serum albumin. Int J BioChemiPhysics 22:977–981

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Turner TT, Lysiak JL (2008) Oxidative stress: a common factor in testicular dysfunctions. J Androl 29:488–498

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Valentiniet A, Conforti F, Crispini A et al (2008) Synthesis, oxidant properties, and antitumoral effects of a heteroleptic palladium (II) complex of curcumin on human prostate cancer cells. J Med Chem 52:484–491

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Valko M, Leibfritz D, Moncol J, Cronin MTD, Mazur M, Telser J (2007) Free radicals and antioxidants in normal physiological functions and human disease. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 39:44–84

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Virk SA, Eslick GD (2015) Aluminum levels in brain, serum, and cerebrospinal fluid are higher in Alzheimer’s disease cases than in controls: a series of meta-analyses. J Alzheimers Dis 47:629–638

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vu HT, Scarlett CJ, Vuong QV (2017) Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction conditions for recovery of phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity from banana (Musa cavendish) peel. J Food Process Preserv 41:e13148

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang L, Wang B, Li H (2012) Quercetin, a flavonoid with anti-inflammatory activity, suppresses the development of abdominal aortic aneurysms in mice. Eur J Pharmacol 690:133–141

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weisman A, Chou B, O’Brien J, Shea KJ (2015) Polymer antidotes for toxin sequestration. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 90:81–100

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • WHO (2010) Childhood lead poisoning. WHO library cataloguing-in-publication data. Geneva, World Health Organization. Available at www.who.int/ceh/publications/childhoodpoisoning/en/. Accessed 13th May, 2018

  • WHO (2015) Lead poisoning in Nigeria. World Health Organization Regional office for Africa. Available at www.afro.who.int/.../4637-lead-poisoning-in-nigeria-15-may-2015.html. 2015. Accessed 15th November, 2017

  • Winiarska-Mieczan A, Kwiecień M (2016) The effect of exposure to Cd and Pb in the form of a drinking water or feed on the accumulation and distribution of these metals in the organs of growing Wistar rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 169:230–236

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wu H (2016) Heavy metals and chelation therapy. J Heavy Met Toxicity Dis 1:1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Xia D, Yu X, Liao S, Shao Q, Mou H, Ma W (2010) Protective effect of Smilax glabra extract against lead-induced oxidative stress in rats. J Ethnopharmacol 130:414–420

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Xu T, Li D, Jiang D (2012) Targeting cell signaling and apoptotic pathways by luteolin: cardioprotective role in rat cardiomyocytes following ischemia/reperfusion. Nutrients 4:2008–2019

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yamauchi R, Tatsumi Y, Asano M, Kato K, Ueno Y (1988) Effect of metal salts and fructose on the autoxidation of methyl linoleate in emulsions. Agric Biol Chem 52:849–850

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yanagimoto K, Ochi H, Lee K, Shibamoto T (2003) Anti oxidative activities of volatile extracts from green tea, oolong tea, and black tea. J Agric Food Chem 51:7396–7401

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Youdim KA, Deans SG, Finlayson HJ (2002) The antioxidant properties of thyme (Thymus zygis L.) essential oil: an inhibitor of lipid peroxidation and a free radical scavenger. J Essent Oil Res 14:210–215

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yousef MI, Salama AF (2009) Propolis protection from reproductive toxicity caused by aluminium chloride in male rats. Food Chem Toxicol 47:1168–1175

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yu XC, Wang X, Adelberg J, Barron FH, Chen Y, Chung HY (2008) Evaluation of antioxidant activity of curcumin-free turmeric (Curcuma longa L.). Chapter 14. In: Oil and identification of its 1994 antioxidant constituents. Functional Food and Health ACS Ser 993:152–164

  • Yuan YV, Bone DE, Carrington MF (2005) Antioxidant activity of dulse (Palmaria palmata) extract evaluated in vitro. Food Chem 91:485–494

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yuan G, Dai S, Yin Z, Lu H, Jia R, JiaoXu J, Song X, Li L, Shu Y, Zhao X (2014) Toxicological assessment of combined lead and cadmium: acute and sub-chronic toxicity study in rats. Food Chem Toxicol 65:260–268

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhai Q, Narbad A, Chen W (2015) Dietary strategies for the treatment of cadmium and lead toxicity. Nutrients 7:552–571

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zia-Ul-Haq M, Riaz M, De Few V, Jaafar HZE, Moga M (2014) Rubus fruticosus L.: constituents, biological activities and health related uses. Molecules 19:10998–11029

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

Authors acknowledge efforts of the non-profit African organization Noodles (www.noodlesonlus.org) in boosting environmental health and food safety in Africa.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Experimental Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Port-Harcourt, Port-Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria

    Cecilia Nwadiuto Amadi & Orish Ebere Orisakwe

  2. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Uyo, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

    Samuel James Offor

  3. Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases, and Ageing, Istituto Superiore di Sanità (Italian National Institute of Health), Rome, Italy

    Chiara Frazzoli

Authors
  1. Cecilia Nwadiuto Amadi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Samuel James Offor
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Chiara Frazzoli
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Orish Ebere Orisakwe
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

CNA: literature search, draft manuscripts, and illustration of the figures; SJO: literature search, draft manuscripts; CF and OEO: conceptualized and manuscript review.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Orish Ebere Orisakwe.

Additional information

Responsible editor: Philippe Garrigues

Publisher’s note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Amadi, C.N., Offor, S.J., Frazzoli, C. et al. Natural antidotes and management of metal toxicity. Environ Sci Pollut Res 26, 18032–18052 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-05104-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-05104-2

Keywords

Search

Navigation