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The “Janus-Faced Role” of Autophagy in Neuronal Sickness: Focus on Neurodegeneration

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Abstract

The mature brain is a highly dynamic organ that constantly changes its organization by destroying and forming new connections. Collectively, these changes are referred to as brain plasticity and are associated with functional changes, such as memory, addiction, and recovery of function after brain damage. Neuronal plasticity is sustained by the fine regulation of protein synthesis and organelle biogenesis and their degradation to ensure efficient turnover. Thus, autophagy, as quality control mechanism of proteins and organelles in neurons, is essential to their physiology and pathology. Here, we review recent several findings proving that defects in autophagy affect neuronal function and impair functional recovery after brain insults, contributing to neurodegeneration, in chronic and acute neurological disorders. Thus, an understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which the autophagy machinery is finely regulated might accelerate the development of therapeutic interventions in many neurological disorders for which no cure is available.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by Wings for Life Spinal Cord Research Foundation (WFL1-2011) (M.T.V.), by Projects for Research of National Interest (PRIN 2009), and by grant from the Alzheimer's Association (NIRG-11-204588) (M.DA). We thank Prof. M. Molinari and Prof. G. Bernardi for their continuous support and encouragement. The professional editorial work of Blue Pencil Science is also acknowledged.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Experimental Neuroscience, IRCCS S. Lucia Foundation, via del Fosso di Fiorano 65, 00143, Rome, Italy

    Maria Teresa Viscomi & Marcello D’Amelio

  2. University Campus Bio-Medico, via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128, Rome, Italy

    Marcello D’Amelio

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  1. Maria Teresa Viscomi
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  2. Marcello D’Amelio
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Correspondence to Maria Teresa Viscomi or Marcello D’Amelio.

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Viscomi, M.T., D’Amelio, M. The “Janus-Faced Role” of Autophagy in Neuronal Sickness: Focus on Neurodegeneration. Mol Neurobiol 46, 513–521 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-012-8296-3

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