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Allicin and Allicin-Derived Garlic Compounds Increase Breath Acetone through Allyl Methyl Sulfide:  Use in Measuring Allicin Bioavailability

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Plant Bioactives Research Institute, Inc., Orem, Utah 84058, and Nature's Way Products, Inc., Springville, Utah 84663
Cite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 2005, 53, 6, 1974–1983
Publication Date (Web):March 1, 2005
https://doi.org/10.1021/jf048323s
Copyright © 2005 American Chemical Society
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    Abstract

    Progress in establishing systemic pharmacological effects for fresh, crushed garlic (Allium sativum L) in humans has been hindered by (1) the inability to measure allicin bioavailability, (2) lack of direct evidence that allicin has significant systemic activity at doses of garlic normally consumed, and (3) lack of a model for an acute effect. We have addressed these problems by quantifying the increases in breath acetone and breath allyl methyl sulfide (AMS). The area under the 48 h curve was measured in humans after consumption of standardized garlic preparations, allicin, and allicin-derived compounds, at the equivalent of 7 g of crushed garlic. It was shown that the allyl thiosulfinates (mainly allicin) are solely responsible for breath AMS and increased breath acetone. Diallyl trisulfide, diallyl disulfide, ajoene, and S-allylmercaptocysteine, at isomolar dithioallyl, showed the same quantitative effects as allicin. Consumption of AMS at isomolar allyl also gave the same effects as allicin, indicating that AMS is the main metabolite of allicin and is an active metabolite. In conclusion, allicin and allicin-derived compounds are rapidly metabolized to AMS, a compound which stimulates the production of acetone and which can be used to measure the bioavailability of allicin and, hence, the ability of garlic supplements to represent fresh garlic.

    Keywords: Garlic; allicin; serum lipids; allyl methyl sulfide; acetone; bioavailability; metabolism; diallyl disulfide; diallyl trisulfide; diallyl sulfide; ajoene

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    *

     To whom correspondence should be addressed:  Plant Bioactives Research Institute, 95 S. Mountain Way Drive, Orem, UT 84058. Telephone:  801-226-3041. Fax:  801-226-3083. E-mail:  lawson@ plant-bioactives.com.

    †

     Plant Bioactives Research Institute, Inc.

    ‡

     Nature's Way Products, Inc.

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