Melatonin as Adjuvant Cancer Care With and Without Chemotherapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Trials
Abstract
Introduction
Methods
Eligibility Criteria
Literature Search
Data Extraction
Data Analysis
Funding
Results
Author | N | Median Age (T/C) | Performance Status (Karnofsky Score) | Diagnosis and Staging | MLT dose (mg/d) | MLT Treatment Duration | Treatment Intervention Group | Treatment Control Group |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lissoni et al32 | 80 | 61/58 | 70 | Metastatic solid tumor | 20 | Take with chemo till disease progression | Chemo + MLT | Chemo |
CDDP + VP-16 | CDDP + VP-16 | |||||||
MTX | MTX | |||||||
5FU + FA | 5FU + FA | |||||||
Cerea et al18 | 30 | 66/63 | 90 | Monastic colorectal cancer | 20 | Take with CPT-11 for 9 to 12 cycles | CPT-11 + MLT | CPT-11 |
Lissoni et al24 | 80 | 53/56 | 60 | Advanced solid tumor | 40 | 1 Week before IL-2 till disease progression or toxicity | IL-2 + MLT | IL-2 |
Lissoni et al21 | 63 | 61/59 | 70 | Metastatic non–small cell lung cancer | 10 | Take with chemo till disease progression | MLT | Supportive care |
Lissoni et al30 | 91 | 62/60 | 80 | Advanced solid tumor | 40 | 1 Week before IL-2; take with IL-2 for 147cycles (76 vs 71; T vs C) | IL-2 + MLT | IL-2 |
Lissoni et al30 | 25 | 54/56 | 90 | Advanced solid tumor | 40 | 1 Week before TNF; take with TNF for 65 cycles (34 vs 31; T vs C) | TNF + MLT | TNF |
Lissoni et al23 | 250 | 61/59 | 80 | Advanced solid tumor | 20 | 1 Week before chemo till disease progression | Chemo + MLT | Chemo |
CDDP + VP-16 | CDDP + VP-16 | |||||||
CDDP + 5-FU | CDDP + 5-FU | |||||||
MTX | MTX | |||||||
PTX | PTX | |||||||
GEM | GEM | |||||||
DOX | DOX | |||||||
5FU + FA | 5FU + FA | |||||||
Lissoni et al31 | 70 | 64/61 | 80 | Non–small cell lung cancer | 20 | Take with chemo even during disease progression | Chemo + MLT | Chemo |
CDDP + VP-16 | CDDP + VP-16 | |||||||
Lissoni et al28 | 100 | 61/59 | 80 | Non–small cell lung cancer | 20 | 1 Week before chemo, take with it even during disease progression | Chemo + MLT | Chemo |
CDDP + VP-16 | CDDP + VP-16 | |||||||
Lissoni19 | 1440 | 66/65 | 60 | Advanced, untreatable solid tumor | 20 | ≥2 months | Support care + MLT | Supportive care |
Lissoni19 | 200 | 60/61 | 100 | Advanced solid tumor | 20 | 1 Week before chemo till disease progression | Chemo + Support care + MLT | Chemo + Support care |
NA | NA | |||||||
Yan et al34 | 100 | 29-72 | NA | Primary hepatocellular carcinoma | 20 | 1 Week before chemo, take with it until 21 days after it | Chemo + MLT | Chemo |
TACE | TACE | |||||||
Lissoni et al22 | 50 | 56/58 | 70 | Solid tumor with brain metastases | 20 | Take till the progression of brain metastasizes | Supportive care + MLT | Supportive care |
Lissoni et al27 | 30 | 59/56 | 80 | Malignant melanoma | 20 | Take it even during disease progression | Supportive care + MLT | Supportive care |
Lissoni et al29 | 30 | 56/54 | 80 | Metastatic renal cell cancer | 20 | 1 Week before IL-2 till disease progression | IL-2 + morphine + MLT | IL-2 + morphine |
Lissoni et al35 | 30 | 51/48 | 80 | Brain glioblastomas | 20 | Take with radiotherapy till disease progression | Radiotherapy + MLT | Radiotherapy |
Lissoni et al25 | 33 | NA | NA | Metastatic renal cell cancer | 10 | 5 Days before IL-2, take with IL-2 for 33 cycles | IL-2 + MLT | IL-2 |
Lissoni20 | 370 | NA | NA | Metastatic solid tumor | 20 | 1 Week before chemo till disease progression | Chemo + MLT | |
CDDP + VP-16 | ||||||||
CDDP + GEM | ||||||||
OXA + 5-FU + FA + CPT-11 | ||||||||
CDDP + Epi + 5-FU + FA | Chemo | |||||||
Brackowski et al17 | 14 | NA | NA | Metastatic solid tumor | 40 | 1 Week prior to TNF and 1 week after TNF interruption | TNF + MLT | TNF |
Lissoni and Barni33 | 40 | 65/66 | 70 | Metastatic breast cancer | 20 | Take with TMX | TMX + MLT | TMX |
Lissoni et al26 | 571 | 67/66 | 80 | Metastatic solid tumor | 20 | Take it even during disease progression | Supportive care + MLT | Supportive care |
Author | Detail of Randomization | Allocation Concealment | Consent Statement | Ethics Review | Sample Size | ITT | Withdraw | Adverse Effect | Flow Diagram | Stratification | Blinding |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lissoni et al32 | N | N | Y | N | N | Y | N | Y | N | Y | N |
Cerea et al18 | N | N | Y | N | N | Y | Y | Y | N | N | N |
Lissoni et al24 | N | N | Y | N | N | Y | N | Y | N | N | N |
Lissoni et al21 | N | N | Y | N | N | Y | N | N | N | Y | N |
Lissoni et al30 | N | N | Y | N | N | Y | N | Y | N | N | N |
Lissoni et al23 | Y | N | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | N |
Lissoni et al31 | N | N | Y | N | N | Y | N | Y | N | Y | N |
Lissoni et al28 | N | N | Y | N | N | Y | N | Y | N | Y | N |
Lissoni19 | N | N | Y | N | N | Y | N | Y | N | Y | N |
Yan et al34 | N | N | N | N | N | Y | N | N | N | Y | N |
Lissoni et al22 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | Y | N | Y | N |
Lissoni et al27 | N | N | Y | N | N | Y | N | Y | N | Y | N |
Lissoni et al29 | N | N | Y | N | N | Y | N | Y | N | Y | N |
Lissoni et al35 | N | N | Y | N | Y | Y | N | Y | N | Y | N |
Lissoni et al25 | N | N | N | N | N | Y | N | Y | N | N | N |
Lissoni20 | N | N | Y | N | N | Y | N | Y | N | Y | N |
Brackowski et al17 | N | N | Y | N | N | N | N | Y | N | N | N |
Lissoni and Barni33 | N | N | Y | N | N | Y | N | Y | N | Y | N |
Lissoni et al26 | N | N | Y | N | N | Y | N | Y | N | Y | N |
Number of Trials | RR | CI (lower) | CI (higher) | I2 (inconsistency) | Kendall’s τ | Egger Test | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Outcomes in all studies | |||||||
One-year survival in all studies | 1319-24,27,29,31,33-35 | 0.63 | 1.82 | 3.46 | 77.1% | 0.56 | 1.87 |
Complete response | 1218-21,23,24,26,28,29,31-33 | 2.33 | 1.29 | 4.20 | 0 | −0.85* | −0.48 |
Partial response | 1618-21,23,24,26,28-33,35 | 1.90 | 1.43 | 2.51 | 28% | 0.27 | 1.12 |
Stable disease | 1218-21,23,24,26,28,29,31,33 | 1.51 | 1.08 | 2.12 | 83.9% | 0.30 | −0.10 |
Alopecia | 619,23,28,31,32,35 | 0.86 | 0.75 | 0.97 | 0 | −0.47(low power) | −0.44 |
Anemia | 1017-19,23-25,28,31,32 | 0.83 | 0.71 | 0.97 | 0 | −0.64**(low power) | −0.46** |
Asthenia | 1317-20,23-25,28,30-32 | 0.44 | 0.39 | 0.50 | 0 | −0.18 | −0.84** |
Thrombocytopenia | 1117,19,20,23,25,28,30-32 | 0.21 | 0.15 | 0.30 | 0 | 0.09 | −0.68** |
Outcomes in studies with chemotherapy | |||||||
One-year mortality | 819,20,23,24,29,31,33,34 | 0.60 | 0.54 | 0.67 | 59.8% | 0.64 (low power) | 2.12** |
Complete response | 1018-20,23,24,28,29,31-33 | 2.53 | 1.36 | 4.71 | 0 | −0.68 | −0.22 |
Partial response | 1218-20,23,24,28-33 | 1.70 | 1.37 | 2.12 | 2.5 | 0.36 | 0.94 |
Stable disease | 918-20,23,24,28-33 | 1.15 | 1.00 | 1.33 | 0 | −0.05 (low power) | −0.21 |
Alopecia | 519,23,28,31,32 | 0.87 | 0.76 | 1.01 | 0 | −0.8 (low power) | −0.4 |
Anemia | 917-19,23-25,28,31,32 | 0.71 | 0.47 | 1.07 | 0 | −0.67**(low power) | −0.75** |
Asthenia | 1217-20,23-25,28,30-32 | 0.45 | 0.38 | 0.53 | 0 | −0.15 | −1.13** |
Cardiac symptoms | 217,25 | 1.03 | 0.16 | 6.65 | — | — | — |
Diarrhea | 817-19,23-25,31,32 | 0.74 | 0.54 | 1.00 | 0 | 0.27 (low power) | −0.05 |
Fever | 317,24,25 | 0.63 | 0.19 | 2.08 | — | — | — |
Leucopenia | 518,19,23,31,32 | 0.65 | 0.43 | 0.97 | 0 | 0.2 (low power) | −0.70 |
Nausea, vomiting | 618,19,23,24,31,32 | 0.84 | 0.72 | 0.97 | 0 | −0.52 (low power) | −0.32 |
Thrombocytopenia | 1017,19,20,23,25,28,30-32 | 0.17 | 0.11 | 0.27 | 0 | 0.11**(low power) | −0.31 |
Hypotension | 417,25,30 | 0.21 | 0.10 | 0.47 | 15.1% | 1 | 2.73** |
Discussion
Important Findings
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Contextualizing the Evidence
Safety and Pharmacokinetics
Future Directions of Research
Declaration of Conflicting Interests
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This article was published in Integrative Cancer Therapies.
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