TRB3, a novel ER stress‐inducible gene, is induced via ATF4–CHOP pathway and is involved in cell death
Introduction
Results
Identification of a mammalian homolog of tribbles
ER stress induces TRB3 expression
TRB3 interacts with CHOP but does not promote CHOP degradation
TRB3 downregulates CHOP‐dependent transcriptional activity
CHOP overexpression activates TRB3 promoter activity
Identification of ER stress response elements in TRB3 promoter
CHOP and ATF4 cooperate to activate TRB3 promoter activity
Shutdown of ATF4–CHOP pathway represses TRB3 induction
TRB3 is involved in cell death during ER stress
Discussion
Materials and methods
Reagents
Cell culture
Construction of expression plasmids
Reporter gene assays
RNA extraction, RT–PCR and Northern blot analysis
Preparation of antiserum against human TRB3
Immunoprecipitation and Western blot analysis
RNA interference
Transfection
Cell proliferation assay and apoptosis assay
Supplementary data
Acknowledgements
Supporting Information
References
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Male Proboscis Monkey (Nasalis larvatus) - The proboscis monkey is a relatively large monkey species with a pot belly and a big nose. In Borneo, it is known as 'orang belanda', which is Malay for 'Dutchman'. This endangered species is confined to the mangrove swamps in Borneo and is under threat of losing its habitat as more land is cleared for commercial tree species. The pot belly is a 'fermentation tank' as the species eats fibrous fruits and leaves. The fleshy nose is more prominent in males and seems to be a secondary sexual characteristic. Proboscis monkeys are difficult to raise in zoos in temperate countries and are therefore seldom seen outside tropical regions. This male was photographed in April 2004 in the Labuk Bay Sanctuary in Sabah, Malaysia, a private initiative that has preserved a fragment of coastal mangroves. The image was captured with a Canon EOS1 DII, 500 mm f4 lens, iso 400, 1/200, f11. The photographer, Graeme Guy, runs a Signal Transduction Laboratory at the Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, which is situated at Biopolis, a new biomedical hub funded by A-Star, a Singapore Government sponsored agency.
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