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Preclinical Evidence of Probiotics in Colorectal Carcinogenesis: A Systematic Review

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Abstract

Background

Colorectal cancer, the second major cause of cancer deaths, imposes a major health burden worldwide. There is growing evidence that supports that the use of probiotics is effective against various diseases, especially in gastrointestinal diseases, including the colorectal cancer, but the differences between the strains, dose, and frequency used are not yet clear.

Aims

To perform a systematic review to compile the results of studies carried out in animal models and investigated the effect of probiotics on colorectal carcinogenesis.

Methods

Studies were selected in PubMed/MEDLINE and Scopus according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Search filters were developed using three parameters: probiotics, colorectal cancer, and animal model.

Results

From a structured search, we discovered 34 original articles and submitted them to a risk of bias analysis using SYRCLE’s tool. The studies show a great diversity of models, most were conducted in rats (55.8%) and used 1,2 dimethylhydrazine as the drug to induce colorectal carcinogenesis (61.7%). The vast majority of trials investigated Lactobacillus (64%) and Bifidobacterium (29.4%) strains. Twenty-six (86.6%) studies found significant reduction in lesions or tumors in the animals that received probiotics. The main methodological limitation was the insufficient amount of information for the adequate reproducibility of the trials, which indicated a high risk of bias due to incomplete characterization of the experimental design.

Conclusions

The different probiotics’ strains showed anti-carcinogenic effect, reduced the development of lesions and intestinal tumors, antioxidant and immunomodulatory activity, and reduced fecal bacterial enzymes.

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Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to the support provided by Fundação do Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG, processes APQ-01332-16, APQ-01895-16, PPM-00687-17, and PPM-00077-18), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq, processes 303972/2017-3, 423594/2018-4, 305093/2017-7, and MCTIC 408503/2018-1), and Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior—Brazil (CAPES, finance code 001).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil

    Poliana Guiomar de Ameida Brasiel & Maria do Carmo Gouveia Peluzio

  2. Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil

    Sheila Cristina Potente Dutra Luquetti

  3. Department of Structural Biology, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, MG, Brazil

    Rômulo Dias Novaes

  4. Department of Animal Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil

    Reggiani Vilela Gonçalves

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PGAB, SCPDL, MCGP, RDN, and RVG conceived the study. PGAB and RVG collected all data and analyzed and interpreted the data. PGAB drafted the manuscript. All authors commented on drafts of the paper. All authors have approved the final draft of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Reggiani Vilela Gonçalves.

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Brasiel, P.G.d.A., Dutra Luquetti, S.C.P., Peluzio, M.d.C.G. et al. Preclinical Evidence of Probiotics in Colorectal Carcinogenesis: A Systematic Review. Dig Dis Sci 65, 3197–3210 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10620-020-06062-3

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