Probiotics: A Promising Candidate for Management of Colorectal Cancer
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Mechanism of Action of Probiotics
2.1. Restricting the Growth of Cancerous Cells
2.2. Modulation of the Immune System
2.3. Dysbiosis to Eubiosis
2.4. Improvement of Intestinal Barrier
2.5. Production of Anticarcinogenic Compounds
2.6. Degradation of Carcinogenic Compounds
3. Extension of Evidence of Prophylactic Action of Probiotics in CRC Obtained from Animal Studies
4. Status of Clinical Outcomes
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Probiotic Strains (Bacteria/Yeast) | Cell Culture | Effect | References |
---|---|---|---|
Propionibacterium acidipropionici Propionibacterium freudenreichii |
HT29 Caco-2 |
Apoptosis Caspase 3 ↑ Propionate and acetate ↑ |
[20] |
Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) Bifidobacterium lactis Bb12 |
LT97 HT29 |
Cell cycle arrest Apoptosis check on G0/G1 p21 and WNT2B * Butyrate, acetate, and propionate ↑ |
[21] |
Pediococcuspentosaceus FP3 Lactobacillus salivarius FP25 L. salivarius FP35 Enterococcus faecium FP51 |
Caco-2 | Antiproliferative Adherence Butyric and propionic acids ↑ |
[22] |
Propionibacterium freudenreichii | HT29 | Apoptosis TRAIL-R1/DR4, TRAIL-R2/DR5 ↑ Caspase-3, -8, -9 Bcl-2 ↓ Propionate and acetate ↑ |
[23] |
Lactobacillus casei ATCC 393 | CT26 HT29 |
Antiproliferative Pro-apoptotic cyclin D1 and BIRC5a ↓ TRAIL ↑ |
[24] |
Lactobacillus plantarum A7 (Heat killed) Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (heat Killed) |
Caco-2 HT-29 |
Antiproliferative organic acid ↑ |
[25] |
Enterococcus faecium RM11 Lactobacillus fermentum RM28 |
Caco-2 | Antiproliferative | [27] |
Bacillus polyfermenticus | HT-29 DLD-1 Caco-2 |
Growth inhibition Antiproliferative ErbB2 and ErbB3 ↓ |
[30] |
Lactobacillus acidophilus (ATCC 4356) (CS and CE) Lactobacillus casei (ATCC 39392) (CS and CE) |
Caco-2 | Antiproliferative Apoptotic Necrosis Antimetastatic |
[33] |
Lactobacillus acidophilus LA102 (CE) Lactobacillus casei LC232 (CE) |
Caco-2 HRT-18 |
Antiproliferative Cytotoxic activity |
[32] |
Lactobacillus casei UT1 (CS) | HCT116 | Pro-apoptotic | [26] |
Streptococcus thermophilus (19258) | HCT116 HT29 Caco-2 |
Apoptosis, Antiproliferation cell cycle arrest Anti-Warburg effect Energy Homeostasis * Galactose ↑ |
[38] |
Saccharomyces cerevisiae PTCC 5052 (HI) | SW480 | Apoptosis Akt/NF-κB signaling * BAX ↑ Cleaved caspase-3 and caspase-9 ↑ Bcl-XL ↓ Pro-caspase 3, 9 ↓ p-Akt1 ↓ Rel A ↓ |
[39] |
Lactobacillus johnsonii BCRC17010 L. reuteri BCRC14625 |
HT-29 | Apoptosis Cytotoxic BAX ↑ Bcl-2 ↓ Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) ↑ |
[43] |
Lactobacillus pentosus B281 (CM) Lactobacillus plantarum B282 (CM) |
Caco-2 | Antiproliferative Cell cycle arrest Cyclins A, B1, B2 and E ↓ |
[31] |
Lactobacillus acidophilus 606 (Cell bound EPS) | HT29 | Autophagy Beclin-1 ↑ GRP78 ↑ Bcl-2 and Bak * |
[34] |
Lactobacillus plantarum-12 (Extracted EPS) | HT-29 | Antiproliferative Proapoptotic Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) ↑ Bax ↑ Cyt C ↑ Caspase-3, -8, -9 ↑ Bcl-2 ↓ Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) ↓ |
[35] |
Lactobacillus casei (ATCC 334) Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (ATCC 53103) (LGG) |
HCT-116 | Matrixmetalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) ↓ zona occludens (ZO)-1 ↑ |
[44] |
Lactobacillus casei ATCC334 | Caco-2/bbe SKCO-1 SW620 |
Production Ferrichrome Activate N-terminal kinase (JNK) Antitumor/Tumor suppressive effect |
[45] |
Lactobacillus casei ATCC334 | HCT116 HT29 SW480 |
Tumor suppressive DDIT3 ↑ |
[46] |
Lactobacillus rhamnosus MD 14 (CFS) | Caco-2 HT-29 |
Antigenotoxicity against β-galactosidase Cytotoxic effect Cell cycle arrest |
[47] |
Lactobacillus casei (LC-WT, ATCC 334) (Wild type) L. casei (LC-CLA) (Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) overexpressing) # |
HCT-116 | CDK1/2/6, PLK1, and SKP2 ↓ inflammatory cytokines ↓ JUN, BBC3, and DDIT3 ↑ Anti-inflammatory cytokines ↑ |
[48] |
Lactobacillus plantarum H24 | Caco-2 | Production of Plantarone Cytotoxic effect |
[49] |
Lactobacillus johnsonii BCRC17010 L. reuteri BCRC14625 |
HT-29 | Apoptosis BAX ↑/BCL-2 ↓ Production of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) Harm on cell membrane |
[43] |
Lactobacillus pentosus B281 Lactobacillus plantarum B282 |
Caco-2 | Production of Bioactive compound Antiproliferative effect |
[31] |
Lactobacillus plantarum CM4 | - | Degrade nitrosamine Remove mutagens such as PhIP and IQ |
[50] |
Lactobacillus casei DN 114001 | - | Remove mutagens IQ, MelQx and PhIP | [51] |
Lactobacillus plantarum 301102 # | - | Produce exopolysaccharides Inactivate mutagens heterocyclic amines |
[52] |
Kluyveromyces lactis VIT-MN02 Lipomycesstarkeyi VIT-MN03 Saccharomycopsisfibuligera VIT-MN04 |
Caco-2 | Antigenotoxic against 4-NQO and MNNG Anticancer effect Antimutagenic against SA, B[a]P, AO |
[53] |
Lactobacillus acidophilus CL1285 Lactobacillus casei LBC80R + 5-FU |
LS513 | Sensitivity towards drugs ↑ Apoptotic effect Caspase-3 ↑ p21 ↓ |
[41] |
Lactobacillus plantarum (CCARM 0067) (CS) | HT-29 HCT-116 |
Sensitivity towards drugs ↑ caspase 3 ↑ Wnt/β-catenin ↓ CD44, CD133, CD166, ALDH1 ↓ |
[42] |
live Lactobacillus Rhamnosus GG (LGG)/UV-inactivated LGG | Caco-2 | IL-8 ↓ Restricts NF-κB translocation |
[54] |
Lactococcus lactis NK34 | DLD-1, HT-29 and LoVo RAW 264.7 |
Antiproliferative effect Immunomodulation Pro-inflammatory cytokine ↓ Nitric oxide ↓ |
[55] |
Bacillus polyfermenticus KU3 | LoVo HT-29 |
Antiproliferative Effect IL-10, TGF-β2, COX-2, TNF-α ↓ Nitric oxide ↓ |
[56] |
Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus plantarum + Prebiotics | CT26 | Antiproliferative effect Antimetastatic effect CD8+ T cell ↑ |
[57] |
Bifidobacterium adolescentis SPM0212 (CFS) | HT-29 SW 480 Caco-2 RAW-264.7 |
Growth inhibition Production of TNF-α |
[58] |
Clostridium butyricum (ATCC 19398) (CM) Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 23857) (CM) | HCT116 SW1116 |
Apoptotic Cell cycle arrest TLR4 and NF-κB ↓ Th17 * p-ERK ↓ P21 ↑ |
[59] |
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Tripathy, A.; Dash, J.; Kancharla, S.; Kolli, P.; Mahajan, D.; Senapati, S.; Jena, M.K. Probiotics: A Promising Candidate for Management of Colorectal Cancer. Cancers 2021, 13, 3178. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13133178
Tripathy A, Dash J, Kancharla S, Kolli P, Mahajan D, Senapati S, Jena MK. Probiotics: A Promising Candidate for Management of Colorectal Cancer. Cancers. 2021; 13(13):3178. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13133178
Chicago/Turabian StyleTripathy, Ashutosh, Jayalaxmi Dash, Sudhakar Kancharla, Prachetha Kolli, Deviyani Mahajan, Shantibhusan Senapati, and Manoj Kumar Jena. 2021. "Probiotics: A Promising Candidate for Management of Colorectal Cancer" Cancers 13, no. 13: 3178. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13133178