• Issue
    Volume 118, Issue 19
    10,653-11,480
    16 October 2013
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Regular Articles

Climate and Dynamics

Free Access

Infrasound pulses from lightning and electrostatic field changes: Observation and discussion
J. Chum,  G. Diendorfer,  T. Šindelářová,  J. Baše,  F. Hruška, 
  • Pages: 10,653-10,664
  • First Published: 04 September 2013
Key Points

  • Simultaneous electrostatic and infrasound measurements were performed
  • Electrostatic mechanism of infrasound production is discussed
  • Distinct infrasound pulses are observed for IC discharges

Free Access

ENSO-related rainfall changes over the New Guinea region
Ian Smith,  Aurel Moise,  Kasis Inape,  Brad Murphy,  Rob Colman,  Scott Power,  Christine Chung, 
  • Pages: 10,665-10,675
  • First Published: 12 September 2013
Key Points

  • Patterns of ENSO-related rainfall impacts over New Guinea are complex.
  • Satellite-based rainfall estimates (TRMM)provide details about these impacts.
  • There is evidence of non-linear relationships for some regions.

Open Access

Near-term acceleration of hydroclimatic change in the western U.S.
Moetasim Ashfaq,  Subimal Ghosh,  Shih-Chieh Kao,  Laura C. Bowling,  Philip Mote,  Danielle Touma,  Sara A. Rauscher,  Noah S. Diffenbaugh, 
  • Pages: 10,676-10,693
  • First Published: 07 September 2013
Key Points

  • Acceleration of decreases in western U.S. spring snowpack in next three decades
  • Shifts toward earlier snowmelt, base flow, and runoff dates throughout the region
  • Hydrological response is dominated by changes in temperature

Free Access

Interannual fluctuations in the seasonal cycle of nitrous oxide and chlorofluorocarbons due to the Brewer-Dobson circulation
P. G. Simmonds,  A. J. Manning,  M. Athanassiadou,  A. A. Scaife,  R. G. Derwent,  S. O'Doherty,  C. M. Harth,  R. F. Weiss,  G. S. Dutton,  B. D. Hall,  C. Sweeney,  J. W. Elkins, 
  • Pages: 10,694-10,706
  • First Published: 16 September 2013
Key Points

  • Relates atmospheric dynamics (STE) with N2O and CFC tracers species
  • Inter-annually varying summertime minima and mixing of stratospheric air
  • Prediction of changes in Brewer Donson circulation

Free Access

The estimation of upper atmospheric wind model updates from infrasound data
J. D. Assink,  R. Waxler,  W. G. Frazier,  J. Lonzaga, 
  • Pages: 10,707-10,724
  • First Published: 13 September 2013
Key Points

  • A Bayesian inversion method to update wind models from infrasound is developed
  • Such updates can be used to constrain wind models in the upper atmosphere
  • Such updates can be useful for infrasound propagation studies

Free Access

Response of land surface fluxes and precipitation to different soil bottom hydrological conditions in a general circulation model
A. Campoy,  A. Ducharne,  F. Cheruy,  F. Hourdin,  J. Polcher,  J. C. Dupont, 
  • Pages: 10,725-10,739
  • First Published: 09 July 2013
Key Points

  • Sensitivity to reduced drainage and saturation within the soil column
  • Confrontation to local scale observations exhibiting a shallow water table
  • European scale analysis of the resulting precipitation increase

Free Access

Connections between the stratospheric quasi-biennial oscillation and tropospheric circulation over Asia in northern autumn
Makoto Inoue,  Masaaki Takahashi, 
  • Pages: 10,740-10,753
  • First Published: 13 September 2013
Key Points

  • Relationship between QBO and troposphere over Asia in autumn
  • Wave activity and meridional circulation with QBO
  • Convective activity associated with QBO

Free Access

Characteristics of the subtropical tropopause region based on long-term highly resolved sonde records over Tenerife
Juan J. Rodriguez-Franco,  Emilio Cuevas, 
  • Pages: 10,754-10,769
  • First Published: 19 September 2013
Key Points

  • The subtropical tropopause region is thoroughly characterized
  • Several PV values are possible to define an isentropic barrier in the subtropics
  • Distinctive features for midlatitude and tropical tropopauses are revealed

Free Access

Multi-RCM ensemble downscaling of NCEP CFS winter season forecasts: Implications for seasonal hydrologic forecast skill
Shraddhanand Shukla,  Dennis P. Lettenmaier, 
  • Pages: 10,770-10,790
  • First Published: 10 July 2013
Key Points

  • Evaluation of dynamical vs statistical downscaling of CFS
  • Dynamical downscaling does somewhat improves the skill
  • Careful selection of RCMs is critical

Free Access

The importance of fronts for extreme precipitation
J. L. Catto,  S. Pfahl, 
  • Pages: 10,791-10,801
  • First Published: 21 September 2013
Key Points

  • Objectively identified fronts are linked with precipitation extremes.
  • Up to 90% of extreme precipitation events are associated with fronts.
  • Fronts related to extreme precipitation events are much stronger.

Open Access
Highlight

Association between trends in daily rainfall percentiles and the global mean temperature
R. E. Benestad, 
  • Pages: 10,802-10,810
  • First Published: 09 September 2013
Key Points

  • Intense 24-hr precipitation changes due to global warming
  • New method for downscaling 24-hr precipitation statistics
  • Independent confirmation of earlier studies

Free Access

Impact of Pacific and Atlantic sea surface temperatures on interannual and decadal variations of GRACE land water storage in tropical South America
Caroline de Linage,  Hyungjun Kim,  James S. Famiglietti,  Jin-Yi Yu, 
  • Pages: 10,811-10,829
  • First Published: 11 September 2013
Key Points

  • A quasi-biennial mode is found both in GRACE and in Pacific and Atlantic SST
  • Observed decadal trends may be due to PDO, deforestation or glacier melting
  • NE (central/W) Amazon is influenced by central Pacific (tropical N Atlantic) SST

Free Access

Analytic computations of nonideal corrections to blast wave overpressure predictions at high altitudes
Seyi Latunde-Dada, 
  • Pages: 10,830-10,838
  • First Published: 18 September 2013
Key Points

  • Computes analytically the non-ideal corrections to over pressure predictions
  • Considers atmospheric attenuation and refraction
  • Develops on work done by Reed et al. which has been published in this journal

Free Access

The South Pacific Convergence Zone in three decades of satellite images
Colene Haffke,  Gudrun Magnusdottir, 
  • Pages: 10,839-10,849
  • First Published: 19 September 2013
Key Points

  • Developed a 30 year, 3-hourly data set of SPCZ location and extent
  • Presents interannual and intraseasonal variability of SPCZ location
  • Presents seasonal evolution of SPCZ location and extent

Free Access

Past and future spatiotemporal changes in evapotranspiration and effective moisture on the Tibetan Plateau
Yunhe Yin,  Shaohong Wu,  Dongsheng Zhao, 
  • Pages: 10,850-10,860
  • First Published: 20 September 2013
Key Points

  • Evapotranspiration is simulated by the modified LPJ and a regional climate model
  • Changes in drought stress are derived from effective moisture
  • Negative to positive transition in potential evapotranspiration occurred in 1997

Open Access

Seasonal variations in lower stratospheric gravity wave energy above the Falkland Islands
T. Moffat-Griffin,  M. J. Jarvis,  S. R. Colwell,  A. J. Kavanagh,  G. L. Manney,  W. H. Daffer, 
  • Pages: 10,861-10,869
  • First Published: 20 September 2013
Key Points

  • Identifying gravity wave sources affecting the stratosphere above the Falklands
  • Examining seasonal variation in gw energy density
  • Examining seasonal variation in gw vertical propagation direction

Free Access

Synoptic and dynamical analysis of subtropical cyclone Anita (2010) and its potential for tropical transition over the South Atlantic Ocean
João Rafael Dias Pinto,  Michelle Simões Reboita,  Rosmeri Porfírio da Rocha, 
  • Pages: 10,870-10,883
  • First Published: 14 September 2013
Key Points

  • Indicates environmental conditions that may favor TT over SAO
  • Suggests importance of the diabatic contribution from the air-sea interaction
  • Shows the Rossby wave breaking event as an important dynamical forcing

Free Access

Evaluation of CMIP5 20th century climate simulations for the Pacific Northwest USA
David E. Rupp,  John T. Abatzoglou,  Katherine C. Hegewisch,  Philip W. Mote, 
  • Pages: 10,884-10,906
  • First Published: 18 September 2013
Key Points

  • CMIP5 models were evaluated and ranked for performance with respect to PNW
  • Ranking considered information redundancy among metrics and size of ensembles
  • Little change in performance from CMIP3 multi-model ensemble

Free Access

Initial breakdown pulses in intracloud lightning flashes and their relation to terrestrial gamma ray flashes
Thomas Marshall,  Maribeth Stolzenburg,  Sumedhe Karunarathne,  Steve Cummer,  Gaopeng Lu,  Hans-Dieter Betz,  Michael Briggs,  Valerie Connaughton,  Shaolin Xiong, 
  • Pages: 10,907-10,925
  • First Published: 03 October 2013
Key Points

  • Initial breakdown pulses (IBPs) of IC flashes move upward as the initial leader
  • Initial leaders develop with a few IBP bursts separated by a few milliseconds
  • IBPs and slow E-changes are causally connected to LF and slow ULF pulses of TGFs

Free Access

The effect of the Madden-Julian Oscillation on station rainfall and river level in the Fly River system, Papua New Guinea
Adrian J. Matthews,  Geoff Pickup,  Simon C. Peatman,  Peter Clews,  Jason Martin, 
  • Pages: 10,926-10,935
  • First Published: 03 October 2013
Key Points

  • 40% difference in rainfall stations between wet and dry MJO in New Guinea
  • Difference in station data is much higher than in satellite data
  • River levels also respond strongly to MJO rainfall

Free Access

Nonlinear coupling between quasi 2 day wave and tides based on meteor radar observations at Maui
Kai Ming Huang,  Alan Z. Liu,  Xian Lu,  Zhenhua Li,  Quan Gan,  Yun Gong,  Chun Ming Huang,  Fan Yi,  Shao Dong Zhang, 
  • Pages: 10,936-10,943
  • First Published: 03 October 2013
Key Points

  • Significant interactions among QDTW and tides occur simultaneously
  • Interaction is responsible for variability of SDT due to large coupling degree
  • Two mechanisms are responsible for observed variability of DT

Free Access

Nonhydrostatic nested climate modeling: A case study of the 2010 summer season over the western United States
Bereket Lebassi-Habtezion,  Noah S. Diffenbaugh, 
  • Pages: 10,944-10,962
  • First Published: 23 August 2013
Key Points

  • Viability of nested non-hydrostatic nested model approaches over large domain
  • Evaluation of hydrostatic and non-hydrostatic WRF against obs
  • Non-hydrostatic WRF biases: A case study over Western US

Free Access

Predictability of soil moisture and streamflow on subseasonal timescales: A case study
Rene Orth,  Sonia I. Seneviratne, 
  • Pages: 10,963-10,979
  • First Published: 19 September 2013
Key Points

  • Soil moisture and streamflow well predictable 2 and 1 weeks ahead, respectively
  • Initial soil moisture and precip. fcsts. important for hydrol. predictability
  • Concepts of memory and predictability as measures of persistence are similar

Free Access

Global observations of gravity wave intermittency and its impact on the observed momentum flux morphology
C. J. Wright,  S. M. Osprey,  J. C. Gille, 
  • Pages: 10,980-10,993
  • First Published: 03 October 2013
Key Points

  • Observed GW distribution dominated by wave packets with MF>0.5 mPa
  • Intermittency higher over orography
  • Gini coefficient confirmed as a good metric for wave intermittency

Free Access

Planetary-scale wave activity as a source of varying tropospheric response to stratospheric sudden warming events: A case study
Patrick Martineau,  Seok-Woo Son, 
  • Pages: 10,994-11,006
  • First Published: 03 October 2013
Key Points

  • Planetary-scale wave force deceleration in the troposphere during SSW

Open Access

Changes in precipitation intensity over East Asia during the 20th and 21st centuries simulated by a global atmospheric model with a 60 km grid size
Shoji Kusunoki,  Ryo Mizuta, 
  • Pages: 11,007-11,016
  • First Published: 03 October 2013
Key Points

  • Simulation for 20th and 21st centuries was done by 60 km global atmospheric model
  • Precipitation intensity increases monotonically over East Asia in 21st century
  • Increase rate of heavy precipitation is larger than moderate precipitation

Free Access

GCMs-based spatiotemporal evolution of climate extremes during the 21st century in China
Jianfeng Li,  Qiang Zhang,  Yongqin David Chen,  Vijay P. Singh, 
  • Pages: 11,017-11,035
  • First Published: 20 September 2013
Key Points

  • The weather extremes in China during 21st century were evaluated
  • Dynamical and gradual process of extremes under different scenarios are analyzed
  • The implications of weather extremes to natural hazards are discussed

Free Access

The hydrological impact of geoengineering in the Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP)
Simone Tilmes,  John Fasullo,  Jean-Francois Lamarque,  Daniel R. Marsh,  Michael Mills,  Kari Alterskjær,  Helene Muri,  Jón E. Kristjánsson,  Olivier Boucher,  Michael Schulz,  Jason N. S. Cole,  Charles L. Curry,  Andy Jones,  Jim Haywood,  Peter J. Irvine,  Duoying Ji,  John C. Moore,  Diana B. Karam,  Ben Kravitz,  Philip J. Rasch,  Balwinder Singh,  Jin-Ho Yoon,  Ulrike Niemeier,  Hauke Schmidt,  Alan Robock,  Shuting Yang,  Shingo Watanabe, 
  • Pages: 11,036-11,058
  • First Published: 03 October 2013
Key Points

  • Geoengineering leads to a weakening of the hydrologic cycle
  • Evapotranspiration changes important for initial reduction of precipitation
  • Considerable reduction of monsoonal precipitation over land with SRM

Free Access

Identification of extreme precipitation threat across midlatitude regions based on short-wave circulations
Shih-Yu Wang,  Robert E. Davies,  Robert R. Gillies, 
  • Pages: 11,059-11,074
  • First Published: 18 September 2013
Key Points

  • The arctic amplification likely modifies short-wave circulations
  • Modified upper-level circulation affects low-level moisture flux
  • The combined effect enhances precipitation extremes in certain regions

Free Access

An impact study of updating background error covariances in the ALADIN-France data assimilation system
Loïk Berre,  Maria Monteiro,  Carlos Pires, 
  • Pages: 11,075-11,086
  • First Published: 19 September 2013
Key Points

  • An impact study on updating background error covariances in ALADIN-France
  • Three experiments are compared, using three time averaged covariance estimates
  • Positive impacts are illustrated when using monthly and daily averages

Correction

Climate and Dynamics

Free Access

Correction to “Evaluation of cloud and water vapor simulations in CMIP5 climate models using NASA “A-Train” satellite observations”
Jonathan H. Jiang,  Hui Su,  Chengxing Zhai,  Masahiro Watanabe, 
  • Pages: 11,087
  • First Published: 03 October 2013

Regular Articles

Aerosol and Clouds

Free Access

Large-scale influences on secondary eyewall size
Xiaqiong Zhou,  Bin Wang, 
  • Pages: 11,088-11,097
  • First Published: 27 June 2013
Key Points

  • Secondary eyewall size is related to storm intensity
  • Environment affects secondary eyewall size
  • A statistical model is evaluated

Free Access

Bipolar cloud-to-ground lightning flash observations
Marcelo M. F. Saba,  Carina Schumann,  Tom A. Warner,  John H. Helsdon Jr.,  Wolfgang Schulz,  Richard E. Orville, 
  • Pages: 11,098-11,106
  • First Published: 04 September 2013
Key Points

  • Existence of single-channel bipolar flashes
  • Common characteristics of bipolar flashes
  • How can positive and negative discharges use the same path to ground?

Free Access

Recent global dust trend and connections to climate forcing
Yaping Shao,  Martina Klose,  Karl-Heinz Wyrwoll, 
  • Pages: 11,107-11,118
  • First Published: 16 September 2013
Key Points

  • The recent history of global dust frequency and concentration is investigated
  • Dust variations are determined, both globally and in key dust regions
  • Climate drivers behind the dust variations are identified

Free Access

Impacts of microphysical scheme on convective and stratiform characteristics in two high precipitation squall line events
Di Wu,  Xiquan Dong,  Baike Xi,  Zhe Feng,  Aaron Kennedy,  Gretchen Mullendore,  Matthew Gilmore,  Wei-Kuo Tao, 
  • Pages: 11,119-11,135
  • First Published: 01 September 2013
Key Points

  • The 3-ice scheme increases convective area, precipitation, but reduces stratiform
  • All schemes overestimated reflectivity at midlevels, especially 2-ice schemes
  • The partitioning scheme identifies convective and stratiform regions reasonably

Free Access

The microphysical properties of ice fog measured in urban environments of Interior Alaska
Carl G. Schmitt,  Martin Stuefer,  Andrew J. Heymsfield,  Chang Ki Kim, 
  • Pages: 11,136-11,147
  • First Published: 11 September 2013
Key Points

  • New measurements of the microphysical properties of ice fog

Free Access

Estimating the radiative forcing of carbonaceous aerosols over California based on satellite and ground observations
Yangyang Xu,  Ranjit Bahadur,  Chun Zhao,  L. Ruby Leung, 
  • Pages: 11,148-11,160
  • First Published: 16 September 2013
Key Points

  • The solar absorption was partitioned into contributions from EC, OC and dust.
  • Observed and modeled EC AAOD agrees but models underestimate OC AAOD by 50%.
  • TOA warming of carbonaceous aerosols is 0.7 W/m2 and that of OC is near zero.

Free Access

Modeling of observed mineral dust aerosols in the arctic and the impact on winter season low-level clouds
Song-Miao Fan, 
  • Pages: 11,161-11,174
  • First Published: 18 September 2013
Key Points

  • Anthropogenic pollution is a major source of dust in the Arctic in winter
  • Acid coating of dust aerosols may influence Arctic clouds
  • LWP of low-level Arctic clouds is sensitive to dust aerosol in winter

Free Access

Sea spray geoengineering experiments in the geoengineering model intercomparison project (GeoMIP): Experimental design and preliminary results
Ben Kravitz,  Piers M. Forster,  Andy Jones,  Alan Robock,  Kari Alterskjær,  Olivier Boucher,  Annabel K. L. Jenkins,  Hannele Korhonen,  Jón Egill Kristjánsson,  Helene Muri,  Ulrike Niemeier,  Antti-Ilari Partanen,  Philip J. Rasch,  Hailong Wang,  Shingo Watanabe, 
  • Pages: 11,175-11,186
  • First Published: 20 September 2013
Key Points

  • Outline of three marine cloud brightening experiments
  • Land-sea contrast is an important feature of marine cloud brightening
  • Direct effect of sea salt injection may be greater than indirect effect

Free Access

Calibration of Suomi national polar-orbiting partnership advanced technology microwave sounder
Fuzhong Weng,  Xiaolei Zou,  Ninghai Sun,  Hu Yang,  Miao Tian,  William J. Blackwell,  Xiang Wang,  Lin Lin,  Kent Anderson, 
  • Pages: 11,187-11,200
  • First Published: 19 September 2013
Key Points

  • ATMS nonlinearity analysis
  • Prelaunch and on-orbit assessments of absolute accuracy
  • Analysis of ATMS instrument sensitivity

Free Access

The role of dust storms in total atmospheric particle concentrations at two sites in the western U.S.
J. C. Neff,  R. L. Reynolds,  S. M. Munson,  D. Fernandez,  J. Belnap, 
  • Pages: 11,201-11,212
  • First Published: 20 September 2013
Key Points

  • TSP concentrations are highly elevated at two sites in the western US
  • mineral aerosols are dominated by particles larger than 10 u in diameter
  • The spring/summer elevation of aerosols is related to dust storms

Free Access

A modeling study of ice formation affected by aerosols
Zhe Li,  Huiwen Xue,  Fan Yang, 
  • Pages: 11,213-11,227
  • First Published: 24 September 2013
Key Points

  • Aerosol effect on ice formation is studied in an adiabatic parcel model
  • CCN effect is sensitive to updraft velocity
  • Ice concentration has a nonmontonic relationship with ice nuclei concentration

Free Access

Comparison of GEOS-Chem aerosol optical depth with AERONET and MISR data over the contiguous United States
Shenshen Li,  Michael J. Garay,  Liangfu Chen,  Erika Rees,  Yang Liu, 
  • Pages: 11,228-11,241
  • First Published: 03 October 2013
Key Points

  • GEOS-Chem simulated AODs are evaluated with AERONET and MISR in the U.S.
  • Monthly mean AERONET and nested GEOS-Chem AODs are well correlated
  • GC bias in inorganic aerosols and MISR errors contribute to the differences

Free Access

High-resolution MODIS aerosol retrieval during wildfire events in California for use in exposure assessment
Sean M. Raffuse,  Michael C. McCarthy,  Kenneth J. Craig,  Jennifer L. DeWinter,  Loayeh K. Jumbam,  Scott Fruin,  W. James Gauderman,  Frederick W. Lurmann, 
  • Pages: 11,242-11,255
  • First Published: 30 September 2013
Key Points

  • The 2.5 km estimates of AOD are derived for California wildfires
  • AOD estimates predict more than 50% of observed surface PM2.5 variance
  • High-resolution surface reflectance ratios are critically important

Composition and Chemistry

Free Access

Ozone and organic nitrates over the eastern United States: Sensitivity to isoprene chemistry
Jingqiu Mao,  Fabien Paulot,  Daniel J. Jacob,  Ronald C. Cohen,  John D. Crounse,  Paul O. Wennberg,  Christoph A. Keller,  Rynda C. Hudman,  Michael P. Barkley,  Larry W. Horowitz, 
  • Pages: 11,256-11,268
  • First Published: 10 September 2013
Key Points

  • The model achieves an unbiased simulation of ozone over eastern US
  • The model reproduces ∑ANs and their correlations with HCHO and ozone
  • ∑ANs can provide an important reservoir for exporting NOx

Open Access

Extending water vapor trend observations over Boulder into the tropopause region: Trend uncertainties and resulting radiative forcing
A. Kunz,  R. Müller,  V. Homonnai,  I. M. Jánosi,  D. Hurst,  A. Rap,  P. M. Forster,  F. Rohrer,  N. Spelten,  M. Riese, 
  • Pages: 11,269-11,284
  • First Published: 13 September 2013
Key Points

  • Boulder H2O trends (1981-2011) are extended to the tropopause region
  • Trend analysis considers three H2O reservoirs (tropics vs. mid-latitudes)
  • H2O at the tropopause as major uncertainty for radiative forcing assessment

Free Access

Variations in middle atmospheric water vapor from 2004 to 2013
Gerald E. Nedoluha,  R. Michael Gomez,  Doug R. Allen,  Alyn Lambert,  Chris Boone,  Gabriele Stiller, 
  • Pages: 11,285-11,293
  • First Published: 16 September 2013
Key Points

  • H2O has increased by 0.2–0.3 ppmv in the lower mesosphere since 2006
  • Variations observed at Mauna Loa and globally at the stratopause are similar
  • CH4 changes account for the increase in H2O from 2010 to 2011 at Table Mountain

Free Access

Minimax filtering for sequential aggregation: Application to ensemble forecast of ozone analyses
Vivien Mallet,  Alexander Nakonechny,  Sergiy Zhuk, 
  • Pages: 11,294-11,303
  • First Published: 15 August 2013
Key Points

  • The minimax filter is applied for sequential aggregation of ensemble forecasts
  • The approach allows to forecast 2D ozone analyses, with uncertainty estimation
  • The filter is compared to Kalman filter and to discounted ridge regression

Free Access

Isotopic composition of rainwater nitrate at Bermuda: The influence of air mass source and chemistry in the marine boundary layer
K. E. Altieri,  M. G. Hastings,  A. R. Gobel,  A. J. Peters,  D. M. Sigman, 
  • Pages: 11,304-11,316
  • First Published: 13 September 2013
Key Points

  • Stable isotope ratios of rainwater nitrate N and O were measured at Bermuda
  • Coastal MBL chemistry leads to low δ15N anthropogenic NO3-
  • Negative correlation observed in N and O isotopes unique to marine rainwater

Free Access

Attribution of primary formaldehyde and sulfur dioxide at Texas City during SHARP/formaldehyde and olefins from large industrial releases (FLAIR) using an adjoint chemistry transport model
Eduardo P. Olaguer,  Scott C. Herndon,  Birnur Buzcu-Guven,  Charles E. Kolb,  Michael J. Brown,  Alex E. Cuclis, 
  • Pages: 11,317-11,326
  • First Published: 16 September 2013
Key Points

  • Inverse modeling of primary HCHO was performed
  • The results agree with independent remote sensing estimates
  • Primary HCHO from Texas City industry is significant

Free Access

Gas-particle partitioning of primary organic aerosol emissions: 3. Biomass burning
Andrew A. May,  Ezra J. T. Levin,  Christopher J. Hennigan,  Ilona Riipinen,  Taehyoung Lee,  Jeffrey L. Collett Jr.,  Jose L. Jimenez,  Sonia M. Kreidenweis,  Allen L. Robinson, 
  • Pages: 11,327-11,338
  • First Published: 13 September 2013
Key Points

  • The majority of POA emissions from biomass fuels were semivolatile
  • Parameters for simulating gas-particle partitioning of biomass POA were derived
  • Existing emissions inventories and models can be updated using these parameters

Free Access

A multitower measurement network estimate of California's methane emissions
Seongeun Jeong,  Ying-Kuang Hsu,  Arlyn E. Andrews,  Laura Bianco,  Patrick Vaca,  James M. Wilczak,  Marc L. Fischer, 
  • Pages: 11,339-11,351
  • First Published: 20 September 2013
Key Points

  • Multisite observations constrain Central Valley CH4 emissions
  • California total emissions are likely 1.3–1.8 times the state inventory
  • Additional measurements will help guide CH4 mitigation activities

Free Access

Gravity wave activity in the troposphere and lower stratosphere: An observational study of seasonal and interannual variations
Yongfu Wu,  Wei Yuan,  Jiyao Xu, 
  • Pages: 11,352-11,359
  • First Published: 19 September 2013
Key Points

  • There are serious discrepancies between observations and model expectations
  • Study of the seasonal and interannual variations at high latitudes is meager
  • We discuss main excitation source of the seasonal and interannual variations

Free Access

Aerosol particles at a high-altitude site on the Southeast Tibetan Plateau, China: Implications for pollution transport from South Asia
Zhuzi Zhao,  Junji Cao,  Zhenxing Shen,  Baiqing Xu,  Chongshu Zhu,  L.-W. Antony Chen,  Xiaoli Su,  Suixin Liu,  Yongming Han,  Gehui Wang,  Kinfai Ho, 
  • Pages: 11,360-11,375
  • First Published: 26 June 2013
Key Points

  • One year continuous observation was carried out in southeast TP above 3300 m asl
  • Two kinds of episodes were observed with high TSP and typical species levels
  • Southeast TP is influenced by aerosols transported from surrounding regions

Free Access

CMAQ modeling and analysis of radicals, radical precursors, and chemical transformations
Beata H. Czader,  Xiangshang Li,  Bernhard Rappenglueck, 
  • Pages: 11,376-11,387
  • First Published: 05 September 2013
Key Points

  • CMAQ simulates ambient concentrations of ozone well for Houston in May 2009
  • Modeling of radical precursors (HONO, HCHO) yield agreement with observations
  • Uncertainties remains in predicting radicals and removal processes

Free Access

Sources of organic aerosol investigated using organic compounds as tracers measured during CalNex in Bakersfield
Yunliang Zhao,  Nathan M. Kreisberg,  David R. Worton,  Gabriel Isaacman,  Drew R. Gentner,  Arthur W. H. Chan,  Robin J. Weber,  Shang Liu,  Douglas A. Day,  Lynn M. Russell,  Susanne V. Hering,  Allen H. Goldstein, 
  • Pages: 11,388-11,398
  • First Published: 11 September 2013
Key Points

  • SOA was the dominant component of OA, and four types of SOA were identified
  • Both regional and local SOA were significant contributors to OA
  • the formation of SOA was mainly through gas-to-particle condensation

Free Access
Highlight

Application of OMI, SCIAMACHY, and GOME-2 satellite SO2 retrievals for detection of large emission sources
V. E. Fioletov,  C. A. McLinden,  N. Krotkov,  K. Yang,  D. G. Loyola,  P. Valks,  N. Theys,  M. Van Roozendael,  C. R. Nowlan,  K. Chance,  X. Liu,  C. Lee,  R. V. Martin, 
  • Pages: 11,399-11,418
  • First Published: 14 September 2013
Key Points

  • Available satellite SO2 data can be used to monitor large emission sources
  • SO2 data from different satellites agree when spatial filtration is applied
  • Instruments with higher spatial resolution can detect smaller emission sources

Free Access

Comparison of modeled and observed effects of radiation belt electron precipitation on mesospheric hydroxyl and ozone
Pekka T. Verronen,  Monika E. Andersson,  Craig J. Rodger,  Mark A. Clilverd,  Shuhui Wang,  Esa Turunen, 
  • Pages: 11,419-11,428
  • First Published: 18 September 2013
Key Points

  • Electron precipitation effect can be comparable to that of solar proton events
  • Model results generally agree with satellite observations above 70 km
  • Correction of electron flux observations might be needed at energies > 300 keV

Free Access

Tropospheric SF6: Age of air from the Northern Hemisphere midlatitude surface
D. W. Waugh,  A. M. Crotwell,  E. J. Dlugokencky,  G. S. Dutton,  J. W. Elkins,  B. D. Hall,  E. J. Hintsa,  D. F. Hurst,  S. A. Montzka,  D. J. Mondeel,  F. L. Moore,  J. D. Nance,  E. A. Ray,  S. D. Steenrod,  S. E. Strahan,  C. Sweeney, 
  • Pages: 11,429-11,441
  • First Published: 20 September 2013
Key Points

  • SF6 quantifies mean time since air was in NH mid-latitude surface layer
  • Surface SF6 age varies from near zero north of 30°N to 1.4 years south of 30°S
  • SF6 age is useful for evaluating tropospheric transport in models

Free Access

A global model of meteoric sodium
Daniel R. Marsh,  Diego Janches,  Wuhu Feng,  John M. C. Plane, 
  • Pages: 11,442-11,452
  • First Published: 03 October 2013
Key Points

  • The first global model of mesospheric sodium has been developed
  • Model includes new description of the meteoroid input function
  • Meridional winds and stratospheric sudden warnings affect the sodium column

Free Access

Los Angeles Basin airborne organic aerosol characterization during CalNex
J. S. Craven,  A. R. Metcalf,  R. Bahreini,  A. Middlebrook,  P. L. Hayes,  H. T. Duong,  A. Sorooshian,  J. L. Jimenez,  R. C. Flagan,  J. H. Seinfeld, 
  • Pages: 11,453-11,467
  • First Published: 21 September 2013
Key Points

  • Airborne organic aerosol measurements over LA are reported
  • Spatial pattern of O:C depends on amount of organic aerosol present
  • PMF factors are correlated with two modes of rBC containing aerosol

Free Access

Interannual variability in tropical tropospheric ozone and OH: The role of lightning
Lee T. Murray,  Jennifer A. Logan,  Daniel J. Jacob, 
  • Pages: 11,468-11,480
  • First Published: 20 September 2013
Key Points

  • Imposing IAV in lightning from satellite improves hindcasts of ozone and OH
  • IAV in tropical ozone and OH more sensitive to lightning than other emissions
  • OH particularly sensitive to lightning because of positive chemical feedbacks