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Nucleotide polymorphisms associated with climate, phenology and physiological traits in European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.)

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Abstract

Although European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) is one of the most widespread and ecologically and commercially most important deciduous trees in Europe, little is known about its adaptive genetic variation. We explored single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) variation in candidate genes for budburst and drought resistance in beech populations sampled across most of the distribution range, represented in an international provenance trial. SNP variation was monitored for six candidate genes, in 114 individuals from 19 natural populations. Population structure was deduced from the analysis of 20 nuclear microsatellite markers. Different methods to detect imprints of natural selection were used (F ST-outlier, SNP-climate regression, association tests). The F ST-outlier approach identified the COV gene with unambiguous signal of selection, which is an orthologue of Arabidopsis gene for a membrane protein previously reported as phenology-related. Based on environmental association analysis at the population level, the dehydrin gene was found associated with drought-related climatic variables. At the individual level, dehydrin gene also showed a significant association with chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, which are considered stress markers. The importance of the knowledge of physiological variation and geographical patterns of adaptive genetic variation for guiding reproductive materials transfer under climate change is stressed.

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Acknowledgements

The provenance experiment has been established through the realization of the project European Network for the Evaluation of the Genetic Resources of Beech for Appropriate Use in Sustainable Forestry Management (AIR3-CT94-2091) under the coordination of H.-J. Muhs and G. von Wühlisch. The experimental plot Tále was established by L. Paule. The study was supported by research grants of the Slovak Research and Development Agency APVV-0135-12 (DKr, MH, ĽD, JK, DKu, DG), APVV-0436-10 (ĽD, GJ), and Slovak Grant Agency for Science VEGA-2/0034/14 (ĽD, GJ). Technical assistance of G. Baloghová is greatly appreciated. We also thank to K. Willingham for linguistic correction.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, TG Masaryka 24, 96053, Zvolen, Slovakia

    Diana Krajmerová, Matúš Hrivnák, Jaroslav Kmeť, Daniel Kurjak & Dušan Gömöry

  2. Institute of Forest Ecology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Ľudovíta Štúra 1774/2, 96053, Zvolen, Slovakia

    Ľubica Ditmarová & Gabriela Jamnická

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  1. Diana Krajmerová
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  2. Matúš Hrivnák
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  3. Ľubica Ditmarová
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Correspondence to Dušan Gömöry.

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Krajmerová, D., Hrivnák, M., Ditmarová, Ľ. et al. Nucleotide polymorphisms associated with climate, phenology and physiological traits in European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.). New Forests 48, 463–477 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11056-017-9573-9

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