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Genetic Diversity and Population Structure Patterns in Chinese Cherry (Prunus pseudocerasus Lindl) Landraces

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Abstract

Chinese cherry (Prunus pseudocerasus Lindl.) is an ancient fruit crop with highly economic and ornamental values. It originated in China and the cultivation history can be traced back to 3,000 - 4,000 years ago. Over such a long-term domestication process, a large number of genetic variations have been accumulated in different landraces. However, their utilization for cultivar improvement is limited by the scarcity of information involving genetic diversity and population structure. Here, 17 populations comprised of 140 individuals were collected from four geographic areas: Sichuan Basin (SC), Qinglin Mountain (QL), Yungui Plateau (YG) and North of China (NC), and analyzed using a set of 20 microsatellite markers. In total, 126 polymorphic loci were generated, with 6.3 loci per primer. The global expected heterozygosity (He = 0.63) and Shannon information index (I = 1.23) implied a moderately high level of genetic variation. Two major clusters (cluster 1 and cluster 2) were demonstrated based on population structure analysis, which implied the presence of two potential domestication sites of Chinese cherry landraces. Individuals from SC were assigned to cluster 1 and those from QL, YG and NC were grouped into cluster 2. Samples from QL region contained the most plentiful admixture genetic components, implied the possibility of being one transition region of genetic variation. Moreover, botanical characteristics, such as long lifespan, inbreeding preference as well as vegetative propagation, might lead to a relatively low level but significant genetic divergence among populations. Finally, conservation strategies were proposed to protect these valuable natural germplasm based on these results.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31272134) and the Key Cultivation Special Project Foundation of Education Department of Sichuan Province (2011A005) for the grant. We also thank the members of our scientific research team (Jiao Chen, Hong-wei Zhang and Zhi-lin Huang et al.) for their great help in the sample collection.

Compliance with Ethical Standards

This study was conducted in accordance with all current legislation in People's Republic of China. No specific permits were required for the described field studies and sampling locations, all accessions were sampled by researchers with introduction letters from Sichuan Agricultural University. Sampling locations and accessions are not privately owned or protected in any way. The authors declare no potential conflicts of interest.

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  1. College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, 625014, China

    Tao Chen, Xiao-jiao Huang, Jing Zhang, Qing Chen, Yin Liu, Hao-ru Tang & Xiao-rong Wang

  2. Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road Wenjiang district, Chengdu City, 611130, Sichuan Province, China

    Xiao-rong Wang

  3. College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China

    Dong-ming Pan

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  1. Tao Chen
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Correspondence to Xiao-rong Wang.

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Chen, T., Huang, Xj., Zhang, J. et al. Genetic Diversity and Population Structure Patterns in Chinese Cherry (Prunus pseudocerasus Lindl) Landraces. Plant Mol Biol Rep 34, 440–453 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11105-015-0934-2

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