Please note our website will be undergoing maintenance on Tuesday, May 28, 2024. e-Commerce transactions and new registrations will be temporarily unavailable during this time. We apologize for any inconvenience this may cause.

Cookies Notification

We use cookies to improve your website experience. To learn about our use of cookies and how you can manage your cookie settings, please see our Cookie Policy.
×

Identification of indigenous and introduced symbiotic fungi in ectomycorrhizae by amplification of nuclear and mitochondrial ribosomal DNA

Publication: Canadian Journal of Botany
January 1991

Abstract

We used the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify specific regions of the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes of fungi using DNA extracted from pure cultures as well as that directly from ectomycorrhizal rootlets. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of the nuclear ribosomal repeat unit and a portion of the mitochondrial large subunit ribosomal RNA gene were chosen as target sequences because both exist in high copy number and amplification primers for both discriminate between plant and fungal DNAs. These features provided a sensitivity and specificity sufficient for detection and analysis of a single mycorrhizal rootlet. We evaluated the variations in the amplified products with regard to the length, restriction endonuclease sites, and primary sequence for use in identification of genera, species, and strains of ectomycorrhizal fungi, with particular attention to selected Laccaria species. Accidental contamination of jack pine seedlings by Telephora terrestris was easily recognized. Amplification and direct DNA sequencing of a portion of the ITS were done for three strains of L. bicolor, one of L. laccata, one of L. proximo, and one of T. terrestris. The nucleotide sequence variation was 32% between L. bicolor and T. terrestris, and it ranged from 3 to 5% among the three Laccaria species examined and from 1 to 2% within L. bicolor. The degree of variation observed is sufficient to allow the use of specific oligonucleotides to characterize amplified ITS products. To demonstrate the feasibility of this approach we designed and tested a probe that enabled two isolates of L. bicolor to be distinguished by a single base-pair difference in a filter-based hybridization assay. In combination these methods now provide an important set of tools for the study of mycorrhizal ecology. Key words: internal transcribed spacer, LrDNA gene, mycorrhizal ecology, polymerase chain reaction, rDNA.

Résumé

Nous utilisons la réaction enzymatique d'amplification in vitro ou réaction de polymérase en chaîne pour amplifier certaines régions du génôme nucléaire et mitochondrial de champignons. L'ADN extrait de cultures pures et de mycorhizes constitue le matériel de départ. La région intergénique transcrite (ITS) de l'unité répétée nucléaire codant pour les ARNs ribosomiques et une portion du gène mitochondrial codant pour l'ARN de la large sous-unité ribosomique sont choisies comme séquences cibles parce qu'elles existent en multiples copies dans la cellule et les amorces d'amplification utilisées pour chacune des deux régions permettent de discriminer l'ADN de la plante de celui du champignon. Ces caractéristiques se traduisent par une spécificité et une sensibilité suffisantes pour la détection et l'analyse du composant fongique à partir d'une seule mycorhize. Nous évaluons les produits d'amplification pour les différences de taille, la présence de sites de restriction et la séquence en nucléotides en vue d'utiliser ces variations pour identifier des genres, des espèces et des isolats de champignons ectomycorhiziens, une attention particulière est accordée à des champignons du genre Laccaria. La présence d'un champignon ectomycorrhizien contaminant, le Thelephora terrestris, sur des plants de pin gris inoculés avec du Laccaria bicolor est aisément détectée. Nous séquençons une portion de l’ITS chez trois souches de L. bicolor, une de L. laccata, une de L. proxima et une de T. terrestris. La variation en séquence des nucléotides est de 32% entre L. bicolor et T. terrestris, varie de 3 à 5% entre les trois espèces de Laccaria examinées et de 1 à 2% entre les trois souches de L. bicolor. Ce niveau de variation est suffisant pour permettre l'utilisation de sondes oligonucléotidiques spécifiques. Pour démontrer la faisabilité de cette approche, nous définissons et testons une telle sonde. Par hybridation sur filtre, elle nous permet de distinguer deux isolats de L. bicolor qui diffèrent par une seule paire de bases. L'ensemble de ces méthodes apporte une importante panoplie d'outils qui pourront être utilisés pour l'étude de l'écologie des mycorhizes. Mots clés : région intergénique transcrite, ADN mitochondrial de la large sous-unité ribosomique, écologie des mycorhizes, réaction de polymérase en chaîne, ADN ribosomiques.

Get full access to this article

View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.

Information & Authors

Information

Published In

cover image Canadian Journal of Botany
Canadian Journal of Botany
Volume 69Number 1January 1991
Pages: 180 - 190

History

Version of record online: 1 February 2011

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Authors

Affiliations

Metrics & Citations

Metrics

Other Metrics

Citations

Cite As

Export Citations

If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.

Cited by

1. Carbon availability affects already large species-specific differences in chemical composition of ectomycorrhizal fungal mycelia in pure culture
2. Methods for identifying and measuring the diversity of ectomycorrhizal fungi
3. Molecular authentication of mushroom products: First survey on the Italian market
4. ITS alchemy: On the use of ITS as a DNA marker in fungal ecology
5. What was old is new again: Phenotypic screening of a unique fungal library yields pyridoxatin, a promising lead against extensively resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (AB5075)
6. First Report of Choanephora Rot on Lettuce ( Lactuca sativa ) Caused by Choanephora cucurbitarum in Korea
7. Multilocus molecular phylogenetic-led discovery and formal recognition of four novel root-colonizing Fusarium species from northern Kazakhstan and the phylogenetically divergent Fusarium steppicola lineage
8. A New Highly Oxygenated Polyketide Derivative from Trichoderma sp. and Its Antifungal Activity
9. Ophiostomatales Associated with Mediterranean Pine Engraver, Orthotomicus erosus (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) in Dalmatia, Croatia
10. Agricultural management and pesticide use reduce the functioning of beneficial plant symbionts
11. Epidemiology, Drug Susceptibility, and Clinical Risk Factors in Patients With Invasive Aspergillosis
12. Detection of bioactive compounds and amino acids from fruiting bodies of Morchella tridentina
13. Isolation of sake yeast strains from Ariake Sea tidal flats and evaluation of their brewing characteristics
14. Leafless epiphytic orchids share Ceratobasidiaceae mycorrhizal fungi
15. Three diketomorpholines from a Penicillium sp. (strain G1071)
16. Media and strain studies for the scaled production of cis-enone resorcylic acid lactones as feedstocks for semisynthesis
17. Pathogenicity of Fusarium spp. isolates against the Mediterranean fruit fly ( Ceratitis capitata ) and their responses to ultraviolet‐B radiation and water stress
18. Opportunities and Limitations for Assigning Relative Configurations of Antibacterial Bislactones using GIAO NMR Shift Calculations
19. Cytotoxic Naphthoquinone Analogues, Including Heterodimers, and Their Structure Elucidation Using LR-HSQMBC NMR Experiments
20. Methods for studying the forest tree microbiome
21. Crop cover is more important than rotational diversity for soil multifunctionality and cereal yields in European cropping systems
22. Identification and detection of chili anthracnose using three new species-specific PCR primers
23. Similar mycorrhizal fungal communities associated with epiphytic and lithophytic orchids of Coelogyne corymbosa
24. Enhanced Production and Anticancer Properties of Photoactivated Perylenequinones
25. New tricks for old dogs: Two new macrocyclic trichothecene epimers and absolute configuration of 16-hydroxyverrucarin B
26. α-Glucosidase and Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B Inhibitors from Malbranchea circinata
27. Effects of maize rotation on the physicochemical properties and microbial communities of American ginseng cultivated soil
28. Apoptotic activity of xanthoquinodin JBIR-99, from Parengyodontium album MEXU 30054, in PC-3 human prostate cancer cells
29. Association mapping of ectomycorrhizal traits in loblolly pine ( Pinus taeda L.)
30. Cellulase production by Aspergillus unguis in solid state fermentation
31. Molecular identifications uncover diverse fungal symbionts of Pleione (Orchidaceae)
32. Mycorrhizosphere: Microbial Interactions for Sustainable Agricultural Production
33. Screening for Exotic Forest Pathogens to Increase Survey Capacity Using Metagenomics
34. Media studies to enhance the production of verticillins facilitated by in situ chemical analysis
35. Co-managing soil and plant pathogens: effects of organic amendments on soil fertility and fungal pathogen survival
36. Endophytes of industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) cultivars: identification of culturable bacteria and fungi in leaves, petioles, and seeds
37. Recent Insights on Biological and Ecological Aspects of Ectomycorrhizal Fungi and Their Interactions
38. Biofuel ash addition increases ectomycorrhizal fungal exudation in pure culture
39. Comparison of traditional field retting and Phlebia radiata Cel 26 retting of hemp fibres for fibre-reinforced composites
40. Fungi inhabiting knotwood of Pinus sylvestris infected by Porodaedalea pini
41. The establishment of apple orchards as temperate forest garden systems and their impact on indigenous bacterial and fungal population abundance in Southern Ontario, Canada
42. Fungal Identification Using Molecular Tools: A Primer for the Natural Products Research Community
43. The genus Podaxis in arid regions of Mexico: preliminary ITS phylogeny and ethnomycological use
44. Atractiella rhizophila , sp. nov., an endorrhizal fungus isolated from the Populus root microbiome
45. DNA barcoding for identification of consumer-relevant mushrooms: A partial solution for product certification?
46. Genic Molecular Markers in Fungi: Availability and Utility for Bioprospection
47. Accurate Estimation of Fungal Diversity and Abundance through Improved Lineage-Specific Primers Optimized for Illumina Amplicon Sequencing
48. Second‐generation molecular understanding of mycorrhizas in soil ecosystems
49. Molecular identification of fungi
50. Influences of host plant identity and disturbance on spatial structure and community composition of ectomycorrhizal fungi in a northern Mississippi uplands ecosystem
51. Testing ecological interactions between Gnomoniopsis castaneae and Dryocosmus kuriphilus
52. Species-Specific Detection of Mycosphaerella polygoni-cuspidati as a Biological Control Agent for Fallopia japonica by PCR Assay
53. Isolating a functionally relevant guild of fungi from the root microbiome of Populus
54. Genomics and metagenomics technologies to recover ribosomal DNA and single-copy genes from old fruit-body and ectomycorrhiza specimens
55. Restriction fragment length polymorphism and sequence analysis of rRNA-ITS region of somatic hybrids produced between Pleurotus florida and Lentinula edodes
56. Community quorum sensing signalling and quenching: microbial granular biofilm assembly
57. Fertility-dependent effects of ectomycorrhizal fungal communities on white spruce seedling nutrition
58. Ectomycorrhiza of Populus
59. Comment on “Global diversity and geography of soil fungi”
60. Brassica Seed Meal Soil Amendments Transform the Rhizosphere Microbiome and Improve Apple Production Through Resistance to Pathogen Reinfestation
61. Predominant bacterial and fungal assemblages in agricultural soils during a record drought/heat wave and linkages to enzyme activities of biogeochemical cycling
62. Isolating Fungal Pathogens from a Dynamic Disease Outbreak in a Native Plant Population to Establish Plant-Pathogen Bioassays for the Ecological Model Plant Nicotiana attenuata
63. Combining multiple nutrient stresses and bicarbonate addition to promote lipid accumulation in the diatom RGd-1
64. Methods for Studying Terrestrial Fungal Ecology and Diversity
65. Diversity and Function of Ectomycorrhiza between Scleroderma and Afzelia Species in Burkina Faso (West Africa)
66. A first comprehensive census of fungi in soil reveals both hyperdiversity and fine‐scale niche partitioning
67. Linear fusigen as the major hydroxamate siderophore of the ectomycorrhizal Basidiomycota Laccaria laccata and Laccaria bicolor
68. Phylogenetic analysis of the genus Modicella reveals an independent evolutionary origin of sporocarp-forming fungi in the Mortierellales
69. Inocybe nitidiuscula and its ectomycorrhizae associated with Alnus nitida from Galyat, Pakistan
70. Species-specific ITS primers for the identification of Picoa juniperi and Picoa lefebvrei and using nested-PCR for detection of P. juniperi in planta
71. Temperate eucalypt forest decline is linked to altered ectomycorrhizal communities mediated by soil chemistry
72. Filling Gaps in Biodiversity Knowledge for Macrofungi: Contributions and Assessment of an Herbarium Collection DNA Barcode Sequencing Project
73. Mycorrhizal preference promotes habitat invasion by a native Australian orchid: Microtis media
74. Fungi in Thailand: A Case Study of the Efficacy of an ITS Barcode for Automatically Identifying Species within the Annulohypoxylon and Hypoxylon Genera
75. Phylogenetic Analysis within Genera Morchella (Ascomycota, Pezizales) and Macrolepiota (Basidiomycota, Agaricales) Inferred
76. Do mycorrhizal symbioses cause rarity in orchids?
77. Polymorphism in the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the ribosomal DNA among different Fusarium species
78. Genetic diversity of termite-egg mimicking fungi “termite balls” within the nests of termites
79. Systematics and Ecology of Tropical Ectomycorrhizal Fungi Using Molecular Approaches
80. Apoptosis-inducing effect of diketopiperazine disulfides produced by Aspergillus sp. KMD 901 isolated from marine sediment on HCT116 colon cancer cell lines
81. A global meta‐analysis of Tuber ITS rDNA sequences: species diversity, host associations and long‐distance dispersal
82. Population responses of oribatids and enchytraeids to ectomycorrhizal and saprotrophic fungi in plant–soil microcosms
83. Comparison of gut‐associated and nest‐associated microbial communities of a fungus‐growing termite ( Odontotermes yunnanensis )
84. The role of ectomycorrhizal communities in forest ecosystem processes: New perspectives and emerging concepts
85. Ectomycorrhizal lifestyle in fungi: global diversity, distribution, and evolution of phylogenetic lineages
86. Elevated CO 2 and nitrogen influence exudation of soluble organic compounds by ectomycorrhizal root systems
87. Molecular Diversity and Identification of Endophytic Fungi
88. DNA profiling of complex bacterial populations: toxic cyanobacterial blooms
89. Morphological and molecular analyses in Scleroderma species associated with some Caesalpinioid legumes, Dipterocarpaceae and Phyllanthaceae trees in southern Burkina Faso
90. Hybridization of an ITS-based macroarray with ITS community probes for characterization of complex communities of fungi and fungal-like protists
91. Quantitative analysis of soluble exudates produced by ectomycorrhizal roots as a response to ambient and elevated CO2
92. Cryptic species in the Terfezia boudieri complex
93. Changes in ectomycorrhizal community structure on two containerized oak hosts across an experimental hydrologic gradient
94. Field persistence of the edible ectomycorrhizal fungus Lactarius deliciosus: effects of inoculation strain, initial colonization level, and site characteristics
95. Characterization of fungal soil communities by F-RISA and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi fromAraucaria angustifolia forest soils after replanting and wildfire disturbances
96. How to know unknown fungi: the role of a herbarium
97. Ectomycorrhizal communities associated with Populus tremula growing on a heavy metal contaminated site
98. Molecular analysis of bacterial communities associated with the roots of Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) colonized by different ectomycorrhizal fungi
99. Fruiting body and soil rDNA sampling detects complementary assemblage of Agaricomycotina (Basidiomycota, Fungi) in a hemlock‐dominated forest plot in southern Ontario
100. Increasing ecological inference from high throughput sequencing of fungi in the environment through a tagging approach
101. Internal transcribed spacer primers and sequences for improved characterization of basidiomycetous orchid mycorrhizas
102. Dynamics of fruit-body production and mycorrhiza formation of ectomycorrhizal ammonia fungi in warm temperate forests in Japan
103. High diversity of ectomycorrhizal fungi associated with Arctostaphylos uva-ursi in subalpine and alpine zones: Potential inoculum for afforestation
104. Genetic diversity of ectomycorrhizal Basidiomycetes from African and Indian tropical rain forests
105. Comparison of four different methods for extraction of Stachybotrys chartarum spore DNA and verification by real-time PCR
106. Mycorrhizal Fungi
107. Spatial and temporal patterns of morel fruiting
108. Introduction to Molecular Analysis of Ectomycorrhizal Communities
109. Phylogeography of the Northern Atlantic species Chondrus crispus (Gigartinales, Rhodophyta) inferred from nuclear rDNA internal transcribed spacer sequences
110. Molecular identification of the edible ectomycorrhizal fungus Lactarius deliciosus in the symbiotic and extraradical mycelium stages
111. Mycorrhizal associations of nursery grown Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris  L.) seedlings in Poland
112. Rediscovery of Alnicola cholea (Cortinariaceae): taxonomic revision and description of its mycorrhiza with Polygonum viviparum (Polygonaceae)
113. Distribution of Malassezia organisms on the skin of unaffected psittacine birds and psittacine birds with feather-destructive behavior
114. A quick and precise technique for identifying ectomycorrhizas by PCR
115. Approaching the taxonomic affiliation of unidentified sequences in public databases – an example from the mycorrhizal fungi
116. Tests of species concepts of the small, white, European group of Tuber spp. based on morphology and rDNA ITS sequences with special reference to Tuber rapaeodorum
117. Morphological and molecular systematics of Rocky Mountain alpine Laccaria
118. Molecular profiling demonstrates limited diversity amongst geographically separate strains of Ustilago scitaminea
119. Fungal Diversity in Molecular Terms
120. Mycorrhizal inoculum potentials of pure reclamation materials and revegetated tailing sands from the Canadian oil sand industry
121. Using mating-type gene sequences for improved phylogenetic resolution of Collectotrichum species complexes
122. Pezizalean mycorrhizas and sporocarps in ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) after prescribed fires in eastern Oregon, USA
123. Diversity of ectomycorrhizal fungi naturally established on containerised Pinus seedlings in nursery conditions
124. Phylogenetic Studies of Terfezia pfeilii and Choiromyces echinulatus (Pezizales) support new genera for southern African truffles: Kalaharituber and Eremiomyces
125. Invasion biology of Australian ectomycorrhizal fungi introduced with eucalypt plantations into the Iberian Peninsula
126. Nucleic Acid Isolation from Ecological Samples—Fungal Associations, Mycorrhizae
127. Distribution of termite egg-mimicking fungi ("termite balls") in Reticulitermes spp. (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) nests in Japan and the United States
128. ITS regions in hexaploid bread wheat and its supposed progenitors
129. Recovery of mycorrhizas of a fungus, Cenococcum geophilum, after urea treatment in warm temperate forests in Japan
130. Characterization and spatial distribution of ectomycorrhizas colonizing aspen clones released in an experimental field
131. The early-stage ectomycorrhizal Thelephoroid fungal sp. is competitive and effective on Afzelia africana Sm. in nursery conditions in Senegal
132. Prospects and limitations for mycorrhizas in biocontrol of root pathogens
133. High-Throughput Detection of Pathogenic Yeasts of the Genus Trichosporon
134. Molecular tools for isolate and community studies of Pyrenomycete fungi
135. Biocontrol of Nematode-Borne Diseases in Vegetable Crops
136. Reassessment of the taxonomic status of Gelidium subfastigiatum (Gelidiales, Rhodophyta)
137. Albatrellus citrinus sp. nov., connected to Picea abies on lime rich soils
138. Detection and Quantification of Plectosphaerella cucumerina , a Potential Biological Control Agent of Potato Cyst Nematodes, by Using Conventional PCR, Real-Time PCR, Selective Media, and Baiting
139. Irpex hydnoides , sp. nov. is new to science, based on morphological, cultural and molecular characters
140. Molecular identification of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in roots: Perspectives and problems
141. Synopsis and Outlook to the Future
142. Diversity of ericoid mycorrhizal fungi isolated from hair roots of Rhododendron obtusum var. kaempferi in a Japanese red pine forest
143. Mycorrhizas and nutrient cycling in ecosystems – a journey towards relevance?
144. ITS Primers with Enhanced Specificity to Detect the Ectomycorrhizal Fungi in the Roots of Wood Plants
145. Phylogenetic analysis of Alternaria spp. associated with apple core rot and citrus black rot in South Africa
146. A comparison of ectomycorrhiza identification based on morphotyping and PCR-RFLP analysis
147. Identification of Picea-ectomycorrhizae by comparing DNA-sequences
148. Studies on the root associations of the truffle Terfezia terfezioides
149. Polymerase chain reaction amplification of 16S-23S spacer region for rapid identification of Salmonella serovars
150. Phylogenetic Relationships in Termitomyces (Family Agaricaceae) Based on the Nucleotide Sequence of ITS: A First Approach to Elucidate the Evolutionary History of the Symbiosis between Fungus-Growing Termites and Their Fungi
151. Molecular phylogeny of the mycorrhizal desert truffles ( Terfezia and Tirmania ), host specificity and edaphic tolerance
152. Molecular Variability Within Diaporthe/Phomopsis helianthi from France
153. ITS rDNA sequence-based phylogenetic analysis of Tomentellopsis species from boreal and temperate forests, and the identification of pink-type ectomycorrhizas
154. Identification of Colletotrichum acutatum from rubber using random amplified polymorphic DNAs and ribosomal DNA polymorphisms
155. Obtaining, Storing and Archiving Specimens and Tissue Samples for Use in Molecular Studies
156. Diversity of Ecto-mycorrhizal Fungal Communities in Relation to the Abiotic Environment
157. Polymorphism in the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of the ribosomal DNA of 26 isolates of ectomycorrhizal fungi
158. Intraspecific invariability of the internal transcribed spacer region of rDNA of the truffleTerfezia terfezioides in Europe
159. Ectomycorrhizas and molecular phylogeny of the hypogeous russuloid fungus Arcangeliella borziana
160. Genetic diversity and interrelationships among common European Suillus species based on ribosomal DNA sequences
161. Multiplex PCR Using Internal Transcribed Spacer 1 and 2 Regions for Rapid Detection and Identification of Yeast Strains
162. The molecular revolution in ectomycorrhizal ecology: peeking into the black‐box
163. Detection and Taxonomic Placement of Endophytic Fungi within Frond Tissues of Livistona chinensis Based on rDNA Sequences
164. Interspecific and intraspecific variation of ectomycorrhizal fungi associated with Eucalyptus ecosystems as revealed by ribosomal DNA PCR-RFLP
165. Microcosm-based analyses of Scots pine seedling growth, ectomycorrhizal fungal community structure and bacterial carbon utilization profiles in boreal forest humus and underlying illuvial mineral horizons
166. Spatiotemporal colonization of Scots pine roots by introduced and indigenous ectomycorrhizal fungi in forest humus and nursery Sphagnum peat microcosms
167. DNA studies in the Galerina marginata complex
168. Genetic variability of Pisolithus isolates associated with native hosts and exotic eucalyptus in the western Mediterranean region
169. The impacts of broadcast burning after clear-cutting on the diversity of ectomycorrhizal fungi associated with hybrid spruce seedlings in central British Columbia
170. Specificity, sensitivity and discrimination of primers for PCR-RFLP of larger basidiomycetes and their applicability to identification of ectomycorrhizal fungi in Eucalyptus forests and plantations
171. Nitrogen addition in a Norway spruce stand altered macromycete sporocarp production and below‐ground ectomycorrhizal species composition
172.
173. Strain specificity of yeasts isolated from different locations of women suffering from vaginal candidosis, and their partners Vergleich der Stammspezifitat von Hefepilzen verschiedener Lokalisation bei Frauen mit Vaginalcandidosen
174. Recent advances in exploring physiology and biodiversity of ectomycorrhizas highlight the functioning of these symbioses in ecosystems
175. Detection and Identification of Decay Fungi in Spruce Wood by Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis of Amplified Genes Encoding rRNA
176. Detecção de fungos micorrízicos arbusculares em raízes de cafeeiro e de crotalária cultivada na entrelinha
177. Examination of species boundaries in the Acropora cervicornis group (Scleractinia, Cnidaria) using nuclear DNA sequence analyses
178. Spatiotemporal distribution of an ectomycorrhizal community in an oligotrophic Swedish Picea abies forest subjected to experimental nitrogen addition: above- and below-ground views
179. SPECIFIC DETECTION OF AMANITA PHALLOIDES MYCELIUM AND SPORES BY PCR AMPLIFICATION OF THE GPD (GLYCERALDEHYDE-3-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE) GENE FRAGMENT
180. Interactions between Tuber borchii and other ectomycorrhizal fungi in a field plantation
181. Ribosomal DNA-targeted oligonucleotide probe and PCR assay specific for Fusarium oxysporum
182. Detection of the nematophagous fungus Verticillium chlamydosporium in nematode-infested plant roots using PCR
183. Effect of Laccaria bicolor strains inoculated on Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) several years after nursery inoculation
184. Assessment of genetic relatedness of vaginal isolates of Candida albicans from different geographical origins
185. General Aspects of Mycorrhiza
186. Molecular Genetics of Ectomycorrhizal Fungi
187. Molecular Ecology of Mycorrhizal Fungi
188. Molecular Characterization of the Mycorrhizas of Woody Plants
189. Taxonomy of Antrodiella inferred from morphological and molecular data
190.
191.
192.
193.
194. Ectomycorrhizal colonization of Picea engelmannii × Picea glauca seedlings planted across cut blocks of different sizes
195. Morphological and molecular variation between Australian isolates of Puccinia menthae
196. Sarcodon imbricatus and S. squamosus — two confused species
197. Differentiating characteristics between Melampsoridium rusts infecting birch and alder leaves
198. Design of a primer for ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer with enhanced specificity for ascomycetes
199. A polymerase chain reaction method for detecting dwarf mistletoe infection in Douglas-fir and western larch
200. Diversity of the internal transcribed spacer of rDNA in morels
201. Evaluation of different methods for the extraction of DNA from fungal conidia by quantitative competitive PCR analysis
202. Grouping of lignin degrading corticioid fungi based on RFLP analysis of 18S rDNA and ITS regions
203. Differentiation of sapstain fungi by restriction fragment length polymorphism patterns in nuclear small subunit ribosomal DNA
204. Intraspecific variation in Heterobasidion annosum for growth in sapwood of Picea abies and Pinus sylvestris
205. Molecular and morphological discrimination between Tylospora fibrillosa and Tylospora asterophora mycorrhizae
206. Species and population structures of Pisolithus and Scleroderma identified by combined phenotypic and genomic marker analysis
207. Ectomycorrhizal community structure in a limed spruce forest
208. Molecular identification of Hymenoscyphus sp. from rhizoids of the leafy liverwort Cephaloziella exiliflora in Australia and Antarctica
209. RAPD-Based Inter- and Intravarietal Classification of Fungi of the gaeumannomyces-Phialophora Complex
210. Ectomycorrhizal fungal communities in late‐successional Swedish boreal forests, and their composition following wildfire
211. Intrasporal variability of ribosomal sequences in the endomycorrhizal fungus Gigaspora margarita
212. Interactions of Azoarcus sp. with Rhizosphere Fungi
213. Intraspecific Genetic Variation and Populations of Ectomycorrhizal Fungi
214. Suillus
215. Laccaria
216. Re-evaluation of the phylogenetic relationship among species of the genus Tricholoma
217. Restoration of Aboveground Ectomycorrhizal Flora in Stands of Pinus sylvestris (Scots Pine) in The Netherlands by Removal of Litter and Humus
218. Differentiation of Melampsora rust species on willows in Japan using PCR-RFLP analysis of ITS regions of ribosomal DNA
219. Variation in the ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer of a diverse collection of ectomycorrhizal fungi
220. Molecular analysis confirms morphological reclassification of Rhizopogon
221. Variation in the ITS and IGS regions of ribosomal DNA among the biological species of European Armillaria
222. DNA Isolation and Development of Molecular Tools for Identification and Detection of VA Mycorrhizal Fungi
223. DNA Amplification Fingerprinting of Mycorrhizal Fungi and Associated Plant Materials Using Arbitrary Primers
224. Phylogenetic relationships within the Cantharellaceae inferred from sequence analysis of the nuclear large subunit rDNA
225. Outcome of interactions between genets of two Suillus spp. and different Pinus sylvestris genotype combinations: identity and distribution of ectomycorrhizas and effects on early seedling growth in N‐limited nursery soil
226. Russulaceous ectomycorrhizae of Abies lasiocarpa and Picea engelmannii
227. Molecular characterization of dematiaceous root endophytes
228. Effects of ammonium sulphate on the community structure and biomass of ectomycorrhizal fungi in a Norway spruce stand in southwestern Sweden
229. Characterization and identification of black alder ectomycorrhizas by PCR/RFLP analyses of the rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS)
230. Development of multiple genetic markers for studies of genetic variation in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi using AFLP™
231. Typing Tuber ectomycorrhizae by polymerase chain amplification of the internal transcribed spacer of rDNA and the sequence characterized amplified region markers
232. Identification of the genus Armillaria by specific amplification of an rDNA‐ITS fragment and evaluation of genetic variation within A. ostoyae by rDNA‐RFLP and RAPD analysis
233. Identification of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi from Artemisia californica using the polymerase chain reaction
234. Inter‐ and intraspecific variation in the ITS region of rDNA of ectomycorrhizal fungi in Fennoscandia as detected by endonuclease analysis
235. Ribosomal internal transcribed spacer size variation correlated with RAPD-PCR pattern polymorphisms in the entomopathogenic fungus Erynia neoaphidis and some closely related species
236. Revision of Trichoderma sect. Longibrachiatum including related teleomorphs based on analysis of ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer sequences
237. Restriction Analysis of PCR-Amplified Internal Transcribed Spacers of Ribosomal DNA as a Tool for Species Identification in Different Genera of the Order Glomales
238. Characterization of Mycobionts of Photomorph Pairs in the Peltigerineae (Lichenized Ascomycetes) Based on Internal Transcribed Spacer Sequences of the Nuclear Ribosomal DNA
239. Sequence heterogeneity of the ribosomal RNA intergenic region Alexandrium species
240. Taxonomic position and intraspecific variability of the nodule forming Penicillium nodositatum inferred from RFLP analysis of the ribosomal intergenic spacer and Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA
241. Characterization of the host genotype and fungal diversity in Scots pine ectomycorrhiza from natural humus microcosms using isozyme and PCR‐RFLP analyses
242. Grouping and identification of Tuber species using RAPD markers
243. Genetics and Molecular Biology of the Fungal Partner in the Ectomycorrhizal Symbiosis Hebeloma cylindrosporum × Pinus pinaster
244. DNA SEQUENCE VARIATION IN THE RIBOSOMAL INTERNAL TRANSCRIBED SPACER REGION OF FRESHWATER CLADOPHORA SPECIES (CHLOROPHYTA) 1
245. Phylogeny of the genus Plicaria and its relationship to Peziza inferred from ribosomal DNA sequence analysis
246. Community structure of ectomycorrhizal fungi in a Pinus muricata forest: above- and below-ground views
247. Identification of some ectomycorrhizal basidiomycetes by PCR amplification of their gpd (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase) genes
248. Isozyme variation and somatic incompatibility in populations of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Suillus collinitus
249. Identification of ectomycorrhizae from Tuber species by rflp analysis of the its region
250. Characterization of a highly repeated DNA sequence (SC1) from the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Scutellospora castanea and its detection in planta
251. Phylogeny and systematics of 18 Colletotrichum species based on ribosomal DNA spacer sequences
252. A molecular investigation of polymorphism in the North Atlantic red alga Chondrus crispus (Gigartinales)*
253. Identification of nematode-trapping fungi using RFLP analysis of the PCR-amplified ITS region of ribosomal DNA
254. The genetic diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in natural ecosystems – a key to understanding the ecology and functioning of the mycorrhizal symbiosis
255. Mycorrhizal diversity in arctic and alpine tundra: an open question
256. Genetics of Cronartium ribicola. II. Variation in the ribosomal gene cluster
257. Molecular diversity of fungi from ericoid mycorrhizal roots
258. Identification of Nematode-Trapping Fungi of the Genus Arthrobotrys Using RFLP Analysis of PCR-Amplified rDNA
259. Molecular and general genetics of ectomycorrhizal fungi
260. Detection and identification of Laccaria species using a repeated DNA sequence from Laccaria proxima
261. DNA polymorphism in morels: PCR/RFLP analysis of the ribosomal DNA spacers and microsatellite-primed PCR
262. Spatiotemporal patterns in ectomycorrhizal populations
263. Molecular analysis of ectomycorrhizal fungal communities
264. Abundance of Tylospora fibrillosa ectomycorrhizas in a South Swedish spruce forest measured by RFLP analysis of the PCR-amplified rDNA ITS region
265. Identification of Tuber spp and corresponding ectomycorrhizae through molecular markers
266. Vegetative interactions among mycelia of Laccaria bicolor in pure culture and in symbiosis with Pinus banksiana
267. Arbuscular mycorrhizae of Acer saccharum in different soil types
268. Genetic analysis of homokaryons from a basidiome of Laccaria bicolor using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers
269. Phologeny of Alternaria fungi known to produce host-specific toxins on the basis of variation in internal transcribed spacers of ribosomal DNA
270. Mechanisms for the development of genetically variable mycorrhizal mycelia in the ectomycorrhizal fungus Laccaria bicolor
271. Phylogenetic diversity in shiitake inferred from nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences
272. Multiple trans-Arctic passages in the red alga Phycodrys rubens: evidence from nuclear rDNA ITS sequences
273. Characterization of fusarium oxysporum plant and rhizosphere isolates of pisum sativum L. by using pcr fingerprinting and observations on other soil and rhizosphere fungi
274. Genetic variability of Bacillus anthracis and related species
275. Identification of ribosomal DNA polymorphisms among and within spores of the Glomales: application to studies on the genetic diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities
276. Ectomycorrhiza formation between Pseudotsuga menziesii seedling roots and monokaryotic and dikaryotic isolates of Laccaria bicolor
277. Molecular organization and heredity of the mitochondrial genome in Basidiomycetes
278. Thoughts on the processes that maintain local species diversity of ectomycorrhizal fungi
279. Generation of RAPD‐PCR primers for the identification of isolates of Glomus mosseae , an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus
280. Molecular Identification of Tuber Species and Isolates by PCR-Based Techniques
281. The Polymorphism of the rDNA Region in Typing Ascocarps and Ectomycorrhizae of Truffle Species
282. Taxonomy of Ectomycorrhizal Fungi
283. Methods for Studying Species Composition of Mycorrhizal Fungal Communities in Ecological Studies and Environmental Monitoring
284. Discoveries, Discussions and Directions in Mycorrhizal Research
285. Intraspecific Genetic Variation in Ectomycorrhizal Fungi
286. Thoughts on the processes that maintain local species diversity of ectomycorrhizal fungi
287. Monitoring the persistence of Laccaria bicolor as an ectomycorrhizal symbiont of nursery‐grown Douglas fir by PCR of the rDNA intergenic spacer
288. Ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer analysis supports synonomy of Scedosporium inflatum and Lomentospora prolificans
289. Nucleotide sequence variation of chitin synthase genes among ectomycorrhizal fungi and its potential use in taxonomy
290. Detection of Phanerochaete chrysosporium in soil by PCR and restriction enzyme analysis
291. Length variation in the internal transcribed spacer of ribosomal DNA in chanterelles
292. Spatial distribution and temporal persistence of discrete genotypes of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Laccaria bicolor (Maire) Orton
293. MOLECULAR DELINEATION OF SPECIES AND SPECIES RELATIONSHIPS IN THE RED ALGAL AGAROPHYTES GRACILARIOPSIS AND GRACILARIA (GRACILARIALES) 1
294. Comparative analysis of molecular and biological characteristics of strains of Beauveria brongniartii isolated from insects
295. Identification of the ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete Tylospora fibrillosa Donk by RFLP analysis of the PCR‐amplified ITS and IGS regions of ribosomal DNA
296. Genetics of ectomycorrhizal fungi: progress and prospects
297. Genetic manipulation in vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
298. Nucleotide sequence of the rDNA spacer 1 enables identification of isolates of Colletotrichum as C. acutatum
299. MOLECULAR DELINEATION OF SPECIES AND SYNGENS IN VOLVOCACEAN GREEN ALGAE (CHLOROPHYTA) 1
300. Biodiversity and characterization of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi at the molecular level
301. Typing truffle species by PCR amplification of the ribosomal DNA spacers
302. Molecular mycology: DNA probes and applications of PCR technology
303. Stratégie d'amélioration de la qualité des plants forestiers et des reboisements méditerranéens par utilisation de la mycorhization contrôlée en pépinière
304. Molecular and morphological comparison of Pythium arrhenomanes and P. graminicola
305. Molecular tools for the identification of ectomycorrhizal fungi — taxon‐specific oligonucleotide probes for suilloid fungi
306. Root colonization of Lupinus latifolius Agardh. and Pinus contorta Dougl. by Phialocephala fortinii Wang & Wilcox
307. Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms of Mitochondrial and Nuclear DNAs among Korean Races of Magnaporthe grisea
308. Rapid identification of bacteria on the basis of polymerase chain reaction-amplified ribosomal DNA spacer polymorphisms
309. ITS primers with enhanced specificity for basidiomycetes ‐ application to the identification of mycorrhizae and rusts
310. Arctic-Antarctic disjunctions in the benthic seaweeds Acrosiphonia arcta (Chlorophyta) and Desmarestia viridis/willii (Phaeophyta) are of recent origin
311. Measurement of proliferation and biomass of fungal hyphae and roots
312. Relatedness of the Ericoid Endophytes Scytalidium Vaccinii and Hymenoscyphus Ericae Inferred from Analysis of Ribosomal DNA
313. Genotype/nutrition interactions in the ectomycorrhizal fungus Hebeloma cylindrosporum Romagnesi
314. Mycorrhizae: Ectomycorrhiza and Ectendomycorrhiza
315. [5] Collection and storage of fungal and algal samples
316. Measurement of proliferation and biomass of fungal hyphae and roots
317. Rapid identification and differentiation of yeasts by DNA and PCR fingerprinting
318. Ectomycorrhizal syntheses with Picea abies and three fungal species: a case study on the use of an in vitro technique to identify naturally occurring ectomycorrhizae
319. Sequence and secondary structure comparisons of ITS rDNA in mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae)
320. NUCLEAR RIBOSOMAL DNA INTERNAL TRANSCRIBED SPACER REGIONS (ITS1 AND ITS2) DEFINE DISCRETE BIOGEOGRAPHIC GROUPS IN CLADOPHORA ALBIDA (CHLOROPHYTA) 1
321. Design and testing of a plant‐specific PCR primer for ecological and evolutionary studies
322. Rapid identification of genetic variation of ectomycorrhizal fungi by amplification of ribosomal RNA genes
323. BIOGEOGRAPHY OF CLADOPHOROPSIS MEMBRANACEA (CHLOROPHYTA) BASED ON COMPARISONS OF NUCLEAR rDNA ITS SEQUENCES1
324. Ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacers are highly divergent in the phytopathogenic ascomycete Fusarium sambucinum (Gibberella pulicaris)
325. Gastrosuillus Laricinus is a Recent Derivative of Suillus Grevillei : Molecular Evidence
326. PCR, direct sequencing, and the comparative approach.
327. Species-specific polymorphisms in transcribed ribosomal DNA of fivePythium species
328. Developing New Characters for Fungal Systematics: An Experimental Approach for Determining the Rank of Resolution
329. Ribosomal RNA Analysis of Microorganisms as They Occur in Nature
330. Unculturable microbes detected by molecular sequences and probes
331.
332. Specific amplification of 18S fungal ribosomal genes from vesicular-arbuscular endomycorrhizal fungi colonizing roots
333. Laccaria Laccata Complex in North America and Sweden: Intercollection Pairing and Morphometric Analyses
334. The 16s/23s ribosomal spacer region as a target for DNA probes to identify eubacteria.
335. Intra- and interspecific relations within Laccaria bicolor sensu lato
336. Mitochondrial DNA polymorphisms in Laccaria bicolor, L. laccata, L. proxima and L. amethystina
337. 2 Characterization of Ectomycorrhiza
338. 9 Ectomycorrhizal DNA: Isolation, RFLPs and Probe Hybridization
339. Invasion biology of Australian ectomycorrhizal fungi introduced with eucalypt plantations into the Iberian Peninsula
340. Tracing the Behaviour of Plants in Ecosystems: How Can Molecular Ecology Help?
341. Oidiodendron maius: Saprobe in Sphagnum Peat, Mutualist in Ericaceous Roots?
342. Managing habitat for mycophagous (fungus-feeding) mammals: a burning issue?
343. MycorID: A Molecular Database Based on ITS-RFLP Analysis for Identification of Ectomycorrhizae at Iberian Peninsula

View Options

Get Access

Login options

Check if you access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

Subscribe

Click on the button below to subscribe to Canadian Journal of Botany

Purchase options

Purchase this article to get full access to it.

Restore your content access

Enter your email address to restore your content access:

Note: This functionality works only for purchases done as a guest. If you already have an account, log in to access the content to which you are entitled.

View options

PDF

View PDF

Media

Media

Other

Tables

Share Options

Share

Share the article link

Share on social media