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    Steven Judd

    ... (6.) Regarding al-[Awza.sup.[subset]]i's relationship to the Umayyads, see Josef van Ess, Anfdnge muslimischer Theologie (Beirut: Franz Steiner Verlag, 1997), 207-13; Steven Judd, "The Third Fitna: Orthodoxy, Heresy... more
    ... (6.) Regarding al-[Awza.sup.[subset]]i's relationship to the Umayyads, see Josef van Ess, Anfdnge muslimischer Theologie (Beirut: Franz Steiner Verlag, 1997), 207-13; Steven Judd, "The Third Fitna: Orthodoxy, Heresy and Coercion in late Umayyad History" (Ph.D. diss ...
    This article traces the emergence of a systematic approach to combating heresy during the Umayyad period. It argues that the Umayyads sought to silence religious dissent by labelling it as heresy and that the doctrinal boundaries of... more
    This article traces the emergence of a systematic approach to combating heresy during the Umayyad period. It argues that the Umayyads sought to silence religious dissent by labelling it as heresy and that the doctrinal boundaries of “orthodoxy” narrowed as the Umayyad period ...