Fariba Zarinebaf

The epic "Osman" reflected the prevailing attitudes towards the Turks among some members of the literary elite in Dubrovnik in the seventeenth century. This chapter examines the impact of Ottoman rule on the tributary city of Dubrovnik and the Morea with a focus on the town of Anavarin. A comparative study of Ottoman and Venetian administrative policies in their respective commercial colonies and tributary states sheds light on the economic and political conditions in regions that laid on the edges of both states. Dubrovnik and the Morea shared a unique past under Byzantine, Venetian and Ottoman rules. The Ottoman policy towards Dubrovnik was influenced by commercial interests in the Adriatic, rivalry with Venice, and the control of western Balkans. Greek merchants became active in trade of the Mediterranean and the Black Sea, strengthening their ties to Western Europe and Russia and turning their gaze away from Istanbul. Keywords: Anavarin; Dubrovnik; Istanbul; Ottoman policy; Venice

Sexual Politics of Modern Iran, authored by Janet Afary, is an important resource for those who want to understand shifting gender roles in Iran. The book meticulously explores the relationships among power, gender, and patriarchy and explains how Iranian political and sexual contexts have been shaped in the past century. Afary reveals that the women’s movement, which was a response to the Iranian traditional system of patriarchy, is not a new phenomenon. She does this by shedding light on the evolution of sexuality in Iranian society in the twentieth century and women’s struggles for equal rights under the law. Afary draws on historical documents, literature, poetry, letters, and oral testimony, which are enriched with a number of photographs, paintings, posters, newspaper cartoons, and family portraits. She applies a broad theoretical framework on relevant passages from contemporary women’s magazines, historical documents, literature, letters, and oral testimony to a wide range of texts, such as pre-modern Persian poetry, harem memoirs, testimonies from her own family members, and texts by female activists. Sexual Politics in Modern Iran is organized into three sections. The first covers late Qajar history, “pre-modern practices” until the end of the constitutional period. The second emphasizes westernized modernity and the history of women under the Pahlavi Dynasty. The third section covers the history of women from the Islamic Revolution to Islamist modernity. Afary argues that the construction of modern sexuality was a historical process in Iran as it was in the West. The first section of the book, which includes chapters on “formal marriage,” “slave concubinage,” temporary marriage, harem wives, class, “status-defined homosexuality,” and “rituals of courtship,” can be perceived as orientalist. The impacts of modernization and the project of normalizing heterosexuality led to drastic changes in the norms of intergenerational homoeroticism. In the late nineteenth century, romantic and sexual attachments between adolescent boys and men, and sometimes between adult male couples, appear to have been the norm. The second section focuses on imperialist politics and state interventions in redefining normative sexuality, purity, unveiling bodies, romantic love, suffrage, marriage reform, and the threat of female sexuality. The Pahlavi political and military dynasty sought to “modernize” gender norms. They did this by initiating the Women’s Awakening project, which included

Historians of the Middle East and the Balkans have paid little attention to intercommunal relations in Ottoman cities prior to the onset of nationalism and the spread of communal violence in the nineteenth and early twentieth century. Each national and religious community has, therefore, focused on writing and imagining its own history with very little attention to the larger social milieu, economic and social conditions, and interactions outside confessional boundaries in the pre-modern period. The history of the Jewish community has received more attention from scholars, while that of the Greek and Armenian communities has been largely ignored. The literature on Islamic cities also tends to emphasize the homogenous composition of residential neighborhoods in contrast to the diversity of the market place. I will show that in Istanbul, residential quarters remained mixed in their social and religious make-up until Muslim migration from the Balkans during the nineteenth century enhan...

... 2. See Maria Szuppe, "La participation des femmes de la famille royale 'a l'exercise du pouvoir en Iran safavide au XVIe siecle," (part one ... NM Shaybani, Tashkrl-i shiThanshahr-i SafavTyah: ihya'-i vahdat-i milli (Tehran, 1346/1967), 204-8. 8. Ibid.; see the diagrams on pages 224 ...

List of Illustrations Acknowledgments Note on Transliteration and Translation Introduction: A Mediterranean Metropolis Part One. Political and Social Setting 1. Istanbul in the Tulip Age 2. Migration and Marginalization 3. Istanbul between Two Rebellions Part Two. Categories of Crime 4. Crimes against Property and Counterfeiting 5. Prostitution and the Vice Trade 6. Violence and Homicide Part Three. Law and Order 7. Policing, Surveillance, and Social Control 8. Ottoman Justice in Multiple Legal Systems 9. Ottoman Punishment: From Oars to Prison Epilogue: The Evolution of Crime and Punishment in a Mediterranean Metropolis Appendix: A Janissary Ballad from the 1703 Rebellion Notes Glossary Bibliography Index

This book offers an innovative collaborative approach to the study of a particular region of the Ottoman empire, the southwestern Peloponnese (or Morea), Greece. It combines the study of unpublished Ottoman documents, other historical sources, and the results of archaeological fieldwork in an examination of the historical and economic geography of the Morea in the early 18th century, the period immediately following the Ottoman reconquest of this region from Venice. Central to the book is a translation of the section of an Ottoman archaeological fieldwork in an examination of the historical and economic geography of the Morea in the early 18th century, the period immediately following the Ottoman reconquest of this region from Venice. Central to the book is a translation of the section of an Ottoman cadastral survey ( defter ) listing in great detail properties in the district ( kaza ) of Anavarin (Navarino, modern Pylos). An introductory chapter outlines the history and methodology...

This volume is the product of a collaborative study carried out by an Ottomanist, Fariba Zarinebaf, and two classical archaeologists, John Bennet and Jack L. Davis. This publication is their “first attempt” to use Ottoman documents in order to write an economic and social history of the Greek Peloponnese from the 15th through 18th centuries (p. xv). The subject matter and content of their publication are based on an Ottoman cadastral survey dated to A.D. 1716 (pp. xv, 6). This cadastral survey, Tapu Tahrir 880 (TT880), was conducted in the Anavarin region of the Peloponnese, that is to say, the environs of contemporary Pylos. A portion of the area included in the Ottoman cadastral survey has been subsequently surveyed by the Pylos Regional Archaeological Project. The authors’ research was conducted under the aegis of this expedition (p. 6). The rational for the present study is in part attributed by the authors to the success of a similar collaborative research project carried out b...

Iranian Studies is a peer reviewed journal of history, literature, culture and society, covering everywhere with a Persian or Iranian legacy, especially Iran, Afghanistan, Central Asia, the Caucasus and northern India, and Iranians in the diaspora. Papers for consideration should be submitted online via the Iranian Studies ScholarOne Manuscripra site http://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/cist. New authors will be requested to create an account on the site before submitting their manuscript. A helpdesk and user guide are accessible from the site.

... In the Ottoman Empire, the merchant bourgeoisie was largely non-Muslim and prone to nationalist ideologies that promoted indepen ... 28. Mardin, Genesis of the Young Ottoman Thought, 14. ... of the great powers in the internal affairs of the em-pire after the Crimean War of 1856. ...