Jóvenes investigadores en Lenguas y Culturas del Mediterráneo y Oriente Próximo Centro de Ciencias Humanas y Sociales (CCHS-CSIC) Madrid, 26,27 y 28 de octubre de 2016

Early‐Stage Researchers in Languages and Cultures of the Mediterranean and the Near East Centro de Ciencias Humanas y Sociales (CCHS-CSIC) Madrid, 26th, 27th and 28th of October 2016

Sala María Zambrano (0C9) Transmisión y evolución del pensamiento Chair: Araceli González-Vázquez Estrella Samba Campos (CCHS, CSIC): "El concepto de ‘ilm (saber religioso) en la cultura islámica: balance y perspectivas" Regina Chatruch del Río (CCHS, CSIC): "Pensamiento laicista en contexto islámico: estudio del proceso de secularización en el mundo árabe contemporáneo" Claudia Corsi (Seconda Università di Napoli): "Asociaciones Islámicas en Europa: Un Análisis de derecho comparado"

After today’s archaeological record Western Late Bronze is explained as a prehistorical period connected with the Mediterranean World as from the last third of second millennia BC. Faced to obsolete paradigm still in force, Mediterranean visitors are identified although it doesn’t mean any dependence of recent Western Prehistory from the named Phoenician Colonization of the West.

Esta publicación presenta un análisis de la situación de los estudios sobre el Mediterráneo y el mundo árabe en el Reino Unido y España, junto con una serie de propuestas para reforzar la investigación en este campo. Incluye los dos informes encargados para el Encuentro hispano-británico de expertos, en el que se trataron cuestiones como la agenda de investigación en este área, la interacción con los medios de comunicación y las instancias políticas o las perspectivas específicas de las nuevas generaciones de investigadores, ampliamente representadas en el Encuentro.

This paper vindicates the role of Phoenician-Punic heritage as an important part of the European cultural legacy, since it embodies the link between our continent and the rest of Mediterranean countries. By means of historical analyses and practical examples related to teaching, environment and tourism, I intend to show its potential in the transmission of different experiences and democratic values such as diversity, innovation and environmental adaptation.

The prehistoric sites of Pedreira do Aires e Monte das Pedras, geographically located in the lower Lisbon peninsula, were identified and studied in an already advanced state of destruction – which, of course, seriously undermine the archaeological contexts here recognized and the respective data disposition. By the analysis of the recovered assets (exploitation and debitage debris, briefly formed nodules, core preforms, few finished instruments and few fragments of ceramic vessels), as well as by the definition of the geological context in which they are inserted – namely, upper Cenomanian limestones (Cretacious), rich in siliceous nodules –, both sites were interpreted as spaces dedicated to a specific activity in the Prehistory of ancient peasant communities (Neolithic and Calcolithic). Apparently, these are flint «mines» at open air, where there is registered the exploitation of raw materials in the exposed limestone benches and the occasional production of flaked stone instruments – using exclusively flint stone. Pedreira do Aires is located in the bottom of a hill, at the confluence of two watercourses, close to limestone outcrop. The recovered artefacts can be related to a Neolithic period, without further specification. The immediate archaeological context includes several megalithic monuments (dolmen type) and a height settlement poorly characterized. Monte das Pedras is located in the extreme of a large platform, on a limestone bench, in which was identified possible areas of surface exploration and production of artefacts. The recovered artefacts are related to Early Neolithic, Late Neolithic and Calcolithic periods. The immediate archaeological context includes several megalithic monuments (dolmen, rock cut caves and tholos type) and several neolithic and calcolithic settlements. Thus, they can be characterized as small seasonal campsites located in the sphere of influence of a larger settlement – fact that is more evident in Monte das Pedras – included in a complex population network, outlining specific models/patterns of space occupation and resources exploitation. By so, it is established the relationship with other contextually similar sites, setting up the strategies for the flint exploitation during the fourth and third millennia before our Era in Lisbon peninsula.

Las investigaciones arqueológicas en Cartagena –la antigua Qart Hadašt púnica, posterior Carthago Nova romana– evidencian la existencia de elementos topográficos, urbanísticos y rituales, susceptibles de ser analizados desde la perspectiva de la Astronomía Cultural. Por ello, en octubre de 2013 un equipo interdisciplinar de astrofísicos y arqueólogos realizó una campaña de mediciones de los principales hitos topográficos y arqueológicos de la ciudad púnica y romana. Metodológicamente, para cada ítem se estableció el criterio básico de orientación y se tomó su azimut utilizando tres tándems de brújula de precisión más clinómetro. Los datos obtenidos demuestran la relevancia en la ciudad antigua de una serie de orientaciones hacia la salida y la puesta del sol en el solsticio de verano, cuya significación se integra plenamente en el contexto del ritual fenicio-púnico. Dicho sentido pudo incorporarse y reinterpretarse en el contexto de las posteriores refundaciones romanas y de sus sucesivos programas urbanísticos y arquitectónicos, en particular el del período augústeo, cuando determinadas orientaciones astronómicas pudieron servir para afianzar la imagen de Roma y el princeps como restauradores de la paz y garantes de un nuevo orden fundado en elementos cosmológicos. Abstract: Archaeological investigations in Cartagena –the ancient Punic Qart Hadašt, Roman Carthago Nova– have manifested the existence of ritual, urban and topographical elements that could be analyzed from the perspective of Cultural Astronomy. Therefore, in October 2013, an interdisciplinary team of astronomers and archaeologists conducted a field campaign of the main topographic and archaeological landmarks of the Punic and Roman periods of the city. Methodologically, a basic guide criterion was established for each particular element, measuring its corresponding azimuth(s). Three tandems, including precision compasses and clinometers, were used to take the measurements. The data obtained have demonstrated the relevance, within the ancient city, of a series of orientations towards sunrise and sunset at the summer solstice, whose significance could be fully integrated within the context of the Punic ritual. This skyscaping was merged and reinterpreted in the framework of the subsequent Roman appropriation of the city landscape, including their successive urban and architectural programs, in particular that of the period of Emperor Augustus, when certain astronomical orientations could serve to strengthen the image of Rome and the ‘Princeps’ as restorers of peace and guarantees of a new order based in cosmological elements.