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In-Depth Guide to Quantum Artificial Intelligence in 2024

In-Depth Guide to Quantum Artificial Intelligence in 2024In-Depth Guide to Quantum Artificial Intelligence in 2024

Quantum computing and artificial intelligence are both transformational technologies and artificial intelligence are likely to require quantum computing to achieve significant progress. Although artificial intelligence produces functional applications with classical computers, it is limited by the computational capabilities of classical computers. Quantum computing can provide a computation boost to artificial intelligence, enabling it to tackle more complex problems and AGI.

What is quantum AI?

Quantum AI is the use of quantum computing for the computation of machine learning algorithms. Thanks to the computational advantages of quantum computing, quantum AI can help achieve results that are not possible to achieve with classical computers.

What is quantum computing?

Quantum mechanics is a universal model based on different principles than those observed in daily life. A quantum model of data is needed to process data with quantum computing. Hybrid quantum-classical models are also necessary for quantum computing for error correction and the correct functioning of the quantum computer.

  • Quantum data: Quantum data can be considered as data packets contained in qubits for computerization. However, observing and storing quantum data is challenging because of the features that make it valuable which are superposition and entanglement. In addition, quantum data is noisy, it is necessary to apply a machine learning in the stage of analyzing and interpreting these data correctly.
  • Hybrid quantum-classical models: It is highly possible to obtain meaningless data only when using quantum processors to generate quantum data. For this reason, a hybrid model emerges when it is powered by fast data processing mechanisms such as CPU and GPU, which are frequently used in the classical computer.
  • Quantum algorithms: An algorithm is a sequence of steps that leads to the solution of a problem. In order to execute these steps on a device, one must use specific instruction sets that the device is designed to do so. Quantum computing introduces different instruction sets that are based on a completely different idea of execution when compared with classical computing. The aim of quantum algorithms is to use quantum effects like superposition and entanglement to get the solution faster.

For more, feel free to read our detailed article on the topic.

Why is it important?

Although AI has made rapid progress over the past decade, it has not yet overcome technological limitations. With the unique features of quantum computing, obstacles to achieving AGI (Artificial General Intelligence) can be eliminated. Quantum computing can be used for the rapid training of machine learning models and to create optimized algorithms. An optimized and stable AI provided by quantum computing can complete years of analysis in a short time and lead to advances in technology. Neuromorphic cognitive models, adaptive machine learning, or reasoning under uncertainty are some fundamental challenges of today’s AI. Quantum AI is one of the most likely solutions for next-generation AI.

You can also our list of AI tools and services:

How does quantum AI work?

Google’s TensorFlow Quantum (TFQ), an open-source library for quantum machine learning, is an example of a suite of tools that combines quantum modeling and machine learning techniques. The aim of TFQ is to provide the necessary tools to control and model natural or artificial quantum systems.

Overview of the computational steps in a model for quantum data in TensorFlow Quantum.
Source: Google

Here’s how it works:

  1. Convert quantum data to the quantum dataset: Quantum data can be represented as a multi-dimensional array of numbers which is called as quantum tensors. TensorFlow processes these tensors in order to create a dataset for further use.
  2. Choose quantum neural network models:  Based on the knowledge of the quantum data structure,  quantum neural network models are selected. The aim is to perform quantum processing in order to extract information hidden in an entangled state.
  3. Sample or Average: Measurement of quantum states extracts classical information in the form of samples from the classical distribution. The values are obtained from the quantum state itself. TFQ provides methods for averaging over several runs involving steps (1) and (2).
  4. Evaluate a classical neural networks model – Since quantum data is now converted into classical data, deep learning techniques are used to learn the correlation between data.

The other steps of evaluating cost function, gradients, and updating parameters are classical steps of deep learning. These steps make sure that an effective model is created for unsupervised tasks.

What are the possibilities of applying quantum computing in AI?

Researchers’ near-term realistic aim for quantum AI is to create quantum algorithms that perform better than classical algorithms and put them into practice.

  • Quantum algorithms for learning: Development of quantum algorithms for quantum generalizations of classical learning models. It can provide possible speed-ups or other improvements in the deep learning training process. The contribution of quantum computing to classical machine learning can be achieved by quickly presenting the optimal solution set of the weights of artificial neural networks.
  • Quantum algorithms for decision problems: Classical decision problems are formulated in terms of decision trees. A method to reach the set of solutions is by creating branches from certain points. However, when each problem is too complex to be solved by constantly dividing it into two, the efficiency of this method decreases. Quantum algorithms based on Hamiltonian time evolution can solve problems represented by a number of decision trees faster than random walks.
  • Quantum search: Most search algorithms are designed for classical computing. Classical computing outperforms humans in search problems. On the other hand, Lov Grover provided his Grover algorithm and stated that quantum computers can solve this problem even faster than classical computers. AI-powered by quantum computing can be promising for near term applications such as encryption.
  • Quantum game theory: Classical game theory is a process of modeling that is widely used in AI applications. The extension of this theory to the quantum field is the quantum game theory. It can be a promising tool for overcoming critical problems in quantum communication and the implementation of quantum artificial intelligence.

What are the critical milestones for quantum AI?

Although quantum AI is an immature technology, there are improvements in quantum computing that increase the potential of quantum AI. However, the quantum AI industry needs critical milestones in order to become a more mature technology. These milestones can be summarized as:

  • Less error-prone and more powerful quantum computing systems
  • Widely adopted open-source modeling and training frameworks
  • Substantial and skilled developer ecosystem
  • Compelling AI applications for which quantum computing that outperforms classical computing

These critical steps would enable quantum AI for further development.

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Cem Dilmegani
Principal Analyst
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Cem Dilmegani
Principal Analyst

Cem has been the principal analyst at AIMultiple since 2017. AIMultiple informs hundreds of thousands of businesses (as per similarWeb) including 60% of Fortune 500 every month.

Cem's work has been cited by leading global publications including Business Insider, Forbes, Washington Post, global firms like Deloitte, HPE, NGOs like World Economic Forum and supranational organizations like European Commission. You can see more reputable companies and media that referenced AIMultiple.

Throughout his career, Cem served as a tech consultant, tech buyer and tech entrepreneur. He advised businesses on their enterprise software, automation, cloud, AI / ML and other technology related decisions at McKinsey & Company and Altman Solon for more than a decade. He also published a McKinsey report on digitalization.

He led technology strategy and procurement of a telco while reporting to the CEO. He has also led commercial growth of deep tech company Hypatos that reached a 7 digit annual recurring revenue and a 9 digit valuation from 0 within 2 years. Cem's work in Hypatos was covered by leading technology publications like TechCrunch and Business Insider.

Cem regularly speaks at international technology conferences. He graduated from Bogazici University as a computer engineer and holds an MBA from Columbia Business School.

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1 Comments
Steven Ross
Feb 24, 2021 at 02:16

Thank you. Where may I study this further?

Cem Dilmegani
Feb 24, 2021 at 05:06

Quantum Computing vendors are publishing quite some material. We will also be publishing other research on this topic.

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