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Vanuatu - Vatican City - Venezuela - Vietnam - Virgin Islands (U.S.) - Wake Island - Wallis and Futuna - Western Sahara |
16 Nov 1887 rule by joint Anglo-French naval commission
20 Oct 1906 Anglo-French condominium (New Hebrides)
30 Jul 1980 independence as Republic of Vanuatu
British resident commissioners (subordinated to the high commissioners
for the Western Pacific [at Fiji to 1952, then at the Solomon Islands to 1973])
1902 - 1907 Ernest Goldfinch Rason (b. 1851 - d. 1915)
Dec 1907 - 1924 Merton King (b. 1852? - d. 1939)
1924 - 17 Aug 1927 Geoffrey Bingham Whistler
Smith-Rewse (b. 1878 - d. 1927)
1927 - 1940 George Andrew Joy (b. 1896 - d. 1974)
1940 - 1950 Richard Denis Blandy (b. 1891 - d. 1964)
1950 - 1955 Hubert Flaxman (b. 1893 - d. 1976)
1955 - 1962 John Rennie (b. 1917 - d. 2002)
1962 - 13 Aug 1966 Alexander Mair Wilkie (b. 1917 - d. 1966)
1966 - 1973 Colin Allan (b. 1921 - d. 1993)
1973 - 1975 Roger du Boulay (b. 1922 - d. 2020)
1975 - Oct 1978 John Stuart Champion (b. 1921 - d. 1994)
Nov 1978 - 30 Jul 1980 Andrew Stuart (b. 1928 - d. 2014)
British high commissioners (in London)
Dec 1973 - 1976 Edward Noel Larmour (b. 1916 - d. 1999)
Dec 1976 - 1977 Henry Sydney Herbert Stanley (b. 1920 - d. 1995)
1977 - 1980 Richard Stratton (b. 1924 - d. 1988)
French resident commissioners (subordinated to the high commissioners in the
Pacific Ocean [from 22 Mar 1907 the governors of New Caledonia])
1901 - 1904 Gaudence Charles Faraut (b. 1861 - d. 19...)
1904 - 1908 Charles Bord (b. 1865 - d. 1942)
1908 - 1909 Charles Henri Adrien Noufflard (b. 1872 - d. 1952)
1909 - 1911 Jules Martin (b. 1855 - d. 1923)
1911 - 1913 Jules Repiquet (b. 1874 - d. 1960)
1913 - 1916 Jacques Louis Miramende (1st time) (b. 1869 - d. 1968)
1916 - 1918 Edmond Lippmann (b. 1875 - d. 1936)
1918 - 1919 Lucien Hugues Arthur Nielly (b. 1880 - d. 1959)
1919 - 1920 Alfred Solari (b. 1868 - d. 1935)
1920 - 1921 Jacques Louis Miramende (2nd time) (s.a.)
1921 - 1923 Henri Joseph Marie d'Arboussier
(1st time) (b. 1875 - d. 1930)
1923 - 1925 Raoul de la Vaissière
1925 - 1929 Henri Joseph Marie d'Arboussier
(2nd time) (s.a.)
1929 - 1930 Gabriel Henri Joseph Thaly (b. 1875 - d. 1967)
1930 - 1931 Maurice Georges Tronet (b. 1885? - d. 19...)
1931 - 1933 Antoine Louis Carlotti (b. 1871 - d. 1965)
1933 - 1935 Henri Sautot (1st time) (b. 1885 - d. 1963)
1935 - 1937 Fernand Georges Gaston Casimir (b. 1896 - d. 1985)
1937 - 1940 Henri Sautot (2nd time) (s.a.)
1940 - 1947 Robert Charles Henri Kuter (b. 1900 - d. 1987)
Feb 1947 - 1949 André Ménard (b. 1907 - d. 1988)
1949 - 1958 Pierre Anthonioz (b. 1913 - d. 1996)
1958 - 1960 Benjamin Favreau (b. 1915 - d. 1994)
1960 - 1965 Maurice Delauney (b. 1919 - d. 2009)
1965 - 1969 Jacques Mouradian (b. 1910 - d. 1992)
1969 - 1974 Robert Jules Amédée Langlois (b. 1922 - d. 2004)
1974 - 1978 Robert Gauger (b. 1925 - d. 1995)
1978 Bernard Pottier (b. 1942)
1978 - 30 Jul 1980 Jean-Jacques Robert (b. 1920 - d. 2017)
Presidents
30 Jul 1980 - 17 Feb 1984 Ati George Sokomanu (1st time) (b. 1937)
17 Feb 1984 - 8 Mar 1984 Fred Timakata (1st time) (acting) (b. 1937 - d. 1995)
8 Mar 1984 - 12 Jan 1989 Ati George Sokomanu (2nd time) (s.a.)
12 Jan 1989 - 30 Jan 1989 Onneyn Tahi (acting) (b. 1944 - d. 1998)
30 Jan 1989 - 30 Jan 1994 Fred Timakata (2nd time) (s.a.)
30 Jan 1994 - 2 Mar 1994 Alfred Maseng (1st time) (acting) (b. 19... - d. 2004)
2 Mar 1994 - 2 Mar 1999 Jean-Marie Léyé (b. 1932 - d. 2014)
2 Mar 1999 - 24 Mar 1999 Edward Natapei (acting) (b. 1954 - d. 2015)
24 Mar 1999 - 24 Mar 2004 John Bani (b. 1941)
24 Mar 2004 - 12 Apr 2004 Roger Abiut (1st time) (acting) (b. 1972?)
12 Apr 2004 - 11 May 2004 Alfred Maseng (2nd time) (s.a.)
11 May 2004 - 29 Jul 2004 Roger Abiut (2nd time) (acting) (s.a.)
29 Jul 2004 - 16 Aug 2004 Josias Moli (acting) (b. 1954)
16 Aug 2004 - 16 Aug 2009 Kalkot Mataskelekele (b. 1949)
16 Aug 2009 - 2 Sep 2009 Maxime Carlot Korman (acting) (b. 1941)
2 Sep 2009 - 2 Sep 2014 Iolu Abil (b. 1942)
2 Sep 2014 - 22 Sep 2014 Philip Boedoro (acting) (b. 1958)
22 Sep 2014 - 17 Jun 2017 Baldwin Lonsdale (b. 1948 - d. 2017)
17 Jun 2017 - 6 Jul 2017 Esmon Saimon (acting) (b. 1955)
6 Jul 2017 - 6 Jul 2022 Tallis Obed Moses (b. 1954)
6 Jul 2022 - 23 Jul 2022 Seoule Simeon (acting) (b. 1970)
23 Jul 2022 - Nikenike Vurobaravu (b. 1951)
Chief ministers
29 Nov 1977 - 22 Dec 1978 George Kalsakau (b. 1930 - d. 2001)
22 Dec 1978 - 29 Nov 1979 Gérard Leymang (b. 1937 - d. 2002)
29 Nov 1979 - 30 Jul 1980 Walter Lini (b. 1942 - d. 1999)
Prime ministers
30 Jul 1980 - 6 Sep 1991 Walter Lini (s.a.)
18 Dec 1988 - 19 Dec 1988 Barak Sopé (in opposition) (b. 1951)
6 Sep 1991 - 16 Dec 1991 Donald Kalpokas (1st time) (b. 1943 - d. 2019)
16 Dec 1991 - 21 Dec 1995 Maxime Carlot (from Feb 1992,
Maxime Carlot Korman) (1st time) (s.a.)
21 Dec 1995 - 23 Feb 1996 Serge Vohor (1st time) (b. 1955)
23 Feb 1996 - 30 Sep 1996 Maxime Carlot Korman (2nd time) (s.a.)
30 Sep 1996 - 30 Mar 1998 Serge Vohor (2nd time) (s.a.)
30 Mar 1998 - 25 Nov 1999 Donald Kalpokas (2nd time) (s.a.)
25 Nov 1999 - 13 Apr 2001 Barak Sopé (s.a.)
13 Apr 2001 - 29 Jul 2004 Edward Natapei (1st time) (s.a.)
29 Jul 2004 - 11 Dec 2004 Serge Vohor (3rd time) (s.a.)
11 Dec 2004 - 22 Sep 2008 Ham Lini (1st time) (b. 1951)
22 Sep 2008 - 2 Dec 2010 Edward Natapei (2nd time) (s.a.)
2 Dec 2010 - 24 Apr 2011 Sato Kilman (1st time) (b. 1957)
24 Apr 2011 - 13 May 2011 Serge Vohor (4th time) (s.a.)
13 May 2011 - 16 Jun 2011 Sato Kilman (2nd time) (s.a.)
16 Jun 2011 - 26 Jun 2011 Edward Natapei (3rd time) (s.a.)
26 Jun 2011 - 21 Mar 2013 Sato Kilman (3rd time) (s.a.)
21 Mar 2013 - 23 Mar 2013 Ham Lini (2nd time) (acting) (s.a.)
23 Mar 2013 - 15 May 2014 Moana Carcasses Kalosil (b. 1959)
15 May 2014 - 11 Jun 2015 Joe Natuman (b. 1952)
11 Jun 2015 - 11 Feb 2016 Sato Kilman (4th time) (s.a.)
11 Feb 2016 - 20 Apr 2020 Charlot Salwai (1st time) (b. 1963)
20 Apr 2020 - 4 Nov 2022 Bob Loughman (b. 1961)
4 Nov 2022 - 4 Sep 2023 Ishmael Kalsakau
4 Sep 2023 - 6 Oct 2023 Sato Kilman (5th time) (s.a.)
6 Oct 2023 - Charlot Salwai (2nd time) (s.a.)
7 Jun 1929 Vatican City State established
Sovereigns
7 Jun 1929 - 10 Feb 1939 Pius XI (b. 1857 - d. 1939)
10 Feb 1939 - 2 Mar 1939 Gennaro Cardinal Granito
Pignatelli di Belmonte (b. 1851 - d. 1948)
(dean of the College of Cardinals)
+ Eugenio Cardinal Pacelli (b. 1876 - d. 1958)
(chamberlain)
2 Mar 1939 - 9 Oct 1958 Pius XII (= Pacelli) (s.a.)
9 Oct 1958 - 28 Oct 1958 Eugène-Gabriel-Gervais-Laurent
Cardinal Tisserant (1st time) (b. 1884 - d. 1972)
(dean of the College of Cardinals)
+ Benedetto Cardinal Aloisi
Masella (1st time) (chamberlain) (b. 1879 - d. 1970)
28 Oct 1958 - 3 Jun 1963 Ioannes XXIII (b. 1881 - d. 1963)
3 Jun 1963 - 21 Jun 1963 Eugène-Gabriel-Gervais-Laurent
Cardinal Tisserant (2nd time) (s.a.)
(dean of the College of Cardinals)
+ Benedetto Cardinal Aloisi
Masella (2nd time) (chamberlain) (s.a.)
21 Jun 1963 - 6 Aug 1978 Paulus VI (b. 1897 - d. 1978)
6 Aug 1978 - 26 Aug 1978 Carlo Cardinal Confalonieri
(1st time) (b. 1893 - d. 1986)
(dean of the College of Cardinals)
+ Jean Cardinal Villot (1st time) (b. 1905 - d. 1979)
(chamberlain)
26 Aug 1978 - 28 Sep 1978 Ioannes Paulus I (b. 1912 - d. 1978)
28 Sep 1978 - 16 Oct 1978 Carlo Cardinal Confalonieri
(2nd time) (s.a.)
(dean of the College of Cardinals)
+ Jean Cardinal Villot (2nd time) (s.a.)
(chamberlain)
16 Oct 1978 - 2 Apr 2005 Ioannes Paulus II (b. 1920 - d. 2005)
2 Apr 2005 - 19 Apr 2005 Joseph Cardinal Ratzinger (b. 1927 - d. 2022)
(dean of the College of Cardinals)
+ Eduardo Cardinal Martínez Somalo (b. 1927 - d. 2021)
(chamberlain)
19 Apr 2005 - 28 Feb 2013 Benedictus XVI (= Ratzinger) (s.a.)
28 Feb 2013 - 13 Mar 2013 Angelo Cardinal Sodano (b. 1927 - d. 2022)
(dean of the College of Cardinals)
+ Tarcisio Cardinal Bertone (b. 1934)
(chamberlain)
13 Mar 2013 - Franciscus (b. 1936)
Secretaries of state
13 Oct 1914 - 9 Feb 1930 Pietro Cardinal Gasparri (b. 1852 - d. 1934)
9 Feb 1930 - 10 Feb 1939 Eugenio Cardinal Pacelli (s.a.)
11 Mar 1939 - 22 Aug 1944 Luigi Cardinal Maglione (b. 1877 - d. 1944)
29 Nov 1952 - 30 Jul 1961 Domenico Tardini (from 15 Dec
1958, Domenico Cardinal Tardini) (b. 1888 - d. 1961)
(acting to 14 Dec 1958)
14 Aug 1961 - 2 May 1969 Amleto Giovanni Cardinal Cicognani (b. 1883 - d. 1973)
2 May 1969 - 9 Mar 1979 Jean Cardinal Villot (s.a.)
30 Apr 1979 - 1 Dec 1990 Agostino Casaroli (from 30 Jun
1979, Agostino Cardinal Casaroli) (b. 1914 - d. 1998)
(acting to 1 Jul 1979)
1 Dec 1990 - 15 Sep 2006 Angelo Sodano (from 28 Jun 1991,
Angelo Cardinal Sodano) (s.a.)
(acting to 29 Jun 1991)
15 Sep 2006 - 15 Oct 2013 Tarcisio Cardinal Bertone (s.a.)
15 Oct 2013 - Pietro Parolin (from 22 Feb 2014,
Pietro Cardinal Parolin) (b. 1955)
14 Jul 1811 independence (United States of Venezuela, also styled
Venezuelan Confederation, or United Provinces of Venezuela,
or, from 3 Apr 1812, also American Confederation of
Venezuela on the Southern Continent)
25 Jul 1812 reconquest by Spain
8 Aug 1813 - 8 Sep 1814 insurrectional government
1 Jun 1816 renewed independence (Republic of Venezuela)
17 Dec 1819 incorporation into Great Colombia (see under Colombia)
13 Jan 1830 independence from Great Colombia (State of Venezuela)
24 Oct 1830 Republic of Venezuela
3 May 1864 United States of Venezuela
19 Apr 1953 Republic of Venezuela
29 Dec 1999 Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela
12 Apr 2002 Republic of Venezuela
13 Apr 2002 Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela
Supreme Executive Power (president rotating weekly)
14 Jul 1811 - 3 Apr 1812 First triumvirate¹
- Cristóbal de Mendoza (b. 1772 - d. 1829)
- Juan de Escalona (b. 1768 - d. 1833)
- Baltasar Padrón (b. 17... - d. 1817)
3 Apr 1812 - 19 May 1812 Second triumvirate
(continuing nominally to 25 Jul 1812)
- Francisco Javier Mayz (b. 1766 - d. 1833)
(to Apr 1812)
- Fernando Rodríguez del Toro (b. 1772 - d. 1822)
(Apr 1812)
- Juan Germán Roscio (b. 1763 - d. 1821)
(from Apr 1812)
- Francisco Javier de Ustáriz (b. 1772 - d. 1814)
- Francisco Espejo (b. 1758 - d. 1814)
Generals-in-Chief
19 May 1812 - 25 Jul 1812 Francisco de Miranda (b. 1750 - d. 1816)
8 Aug 1813 - 14 Oct 1813 Simón Bolívar (b. 1783 - d. 1830)
Liberator
14 Oct 1813 - 8 Sep 1814 Simón Bolívar (s.a.)
Supreme Chief
1 Jun 1816 - 15 Feb 1819 Simón Bolívar (s.a.)
9 May 1817 - 23 May 1817 abortive attempt at restoring the
United States of Venezuela and its
Supreme Executive Power
- Francisco Javier Mayz (s.a.)
- Francisco Antonio Zea (b. 1766 - d. 1822)
(alternate to Bolívar [s.a.], who did not accept office)
- José Joaquín Cortés de
Madariaga (b. 1766 - d. 1826)
(alternate to del Toro [s.a.], who did not accept office)
Presidents
15 Feb 1819 Francisco Antonio Zea (acting) (s.a.)
15 Feb 1819 - 17 Dec 1819 Simón Bolívar (s.a.)
(acting to 17 Feb 1819)
13 Jan 1830 - 20 Jan 1835 José Antonio Páez (1st time) (b. 1790 - d. 1873)
(Chief of State to 27 May 1830,
President of the State to 11 Apr 1831)
20 Jan 1835 - 9 Feb 1835 Andrés Narvarte (1st time) (b. 1781 - d. 1853)
(acting)
9 Feb 1835 - 8 Jul 1835 José María Vargas (1st time) (b. 1786 - d. 1854)
9 Jul 1835 - 13 Jul 1835 Pedro Briceño Méndez (provisional) (b. 1792 - d. 1835)
13 Jul 1835 - 28 Jul 1835 Santiago Mariño (b. 1788 - d. 1854)
(Superior Chief of State)
28 Jul 1835 - 20 Aug 1835 José María Carreño (1st time) (b. 1792 - d. 1849)
(acting)
20 Aug 1835 - 24 Apr 1836 José María Vargas (2nd time) (s.a.)
24 Apr 1836 - 20 Jan 1837 Andrés Narvarte (2nd time) (s.a.)
(acting)
20 Jan 1837 - 11 Mar 1837 José María Carreño (2nd time) (s.a.)
(acting)
11 Mar 1837 - 1 Feb 1839 Carlos Soublette (1st time) (b. 1789 - d. 1870)
(acting)
1 Feb 1839 - 20 Jan 1843 José Antonio Páez (2nd time) (s.a.)
20 Jan 1843 - 28 Jan 1843 Santos Michelena (acting) (b. 1797 - d. 1848)
28 Jan 1843 - 20 Jan 1847 Carlos Soublette (2nd time) (s.a.)
20 Jan 1847 - 1 Mar 1847 Diego Bautista Urbaneja (acting) (b. 1782 - d. 1856)
1 Mar 1847 - 20 Jan 1851 José Tadeo Monagas (1st time) (b. 1784 - d. 1868)
20 Jan 1851 - 5 Feb 1851 Antonio Leocadio Guzmán (acting) (b. 1801 - d. 1884)
5 Feb 1851 - 20 Jan 1855 José Gregorio Monagas (b. 1795 - d. 1858)
20 Jan 1855 - 31 Jan 1855 Joaquín Herrera (acting) (b. 1813 - d. 1884)
31 Jan 1855 - 15 Mar 1858 José Tadeo Monagas (2nd time) (s.a.)
15 Mar 1858 - 18 Mar 1858 Pedro Gual (1st time) (b. 1783 - d. 1862)
(president of provisional government)
18 Mar 1858 - 2 Aug 1859 Julián Castro (b. 1805 - d. 1875)
(supreme chief of liberating army to 26 Jul 1858,
provisional chief of state 26 Jul 1858 - 5 Jan 1859,
then interim president)
1 Aug 1859 - 1859 Juan Crisóstomo Falcón
(1st time) (b. 1820 - d. 1870)
(supreme chief, in rebellion)
2 Aug 1859 - 29 Sep 1859 Pedro Gual (2nd time) (acting) (s.a.)
29 Sep 1859 - 20 May 1861 Manuel Felipe de Tovar (b. 1803 - d. 1866)
(acting; interim to 12 Apr 1860)
21 May 1861 - 10 Sep 1861 Pedro Gual (3rd time) (acting) (s.a.)
10 Sep 1861 - 17 Jun 1863 José Antonio Páez (3rd time) (s.a.)
(supreme chief)
17 Jun 1863 - 24 Jul 1863 Antonio Guzmán Blanco (1st time) (b. 1829 - d. 1899)
(acting)
24 Jul 1863 - 18 Mar 1865 Juan Crisóstomo Falcón (2nd time) (s.a.)
(provisional [in rebellion from 22 May 1863])
18 Mar 1865 - 7 Jun 1865 Antonio Guzmán Blanco (2nd time) (s.a.)
(acting)
7 Jun 1865 - 27 Jun 1868 Juan Crisóstomo Falcón (3rd time) (s.a.)
28 Jun 1868 - 8 Mar 1869 Guillermo Tell Villegas (1st time) (b. 1823 - d. 1907)
(president of the Council of Ministers;
acting president from 22 Feb 1869)
8 Mar 1869 - 20 Mar 1870 José Ruperto Monagas (acting) (b. 1831 - d. 1880)
20 Mar 1870 - 11 Apr 1870 Juan Vicente González (acting) (b. 1825 - d. 1902)
11 Apr 1870 - 27 Apr 1870 Esteban Palacios (acting) (b. 1835 - d. 1876)
27 Apr 1870 - 20 Feb 1877 Antonio Guzmán Blanco (3rd time) (s.a.)
(general-in-chief to 22 Jul 1870, provisional to
27 Apr 1873)
21 Feb 1877 - 2 Mar 1877 Jacinto Gutiérrez Martínez
(1st time) (acting) (b. 1808 - d. 1884)
2 Mar 1877 - 30 Nov 1878 Francisco Linares Alcántara (b. 1825 - d. 1878)
30 Nov 1878 - 1 Jan 1879 Jacinto Gutiérrez Martínez
(2nd time) (acting) (s.a.)
1 Jan 1879 - 13 Feb 1879 José Gregorio Valera (acting)
13 Feb 1879 - 26 Feb 1879 Gregorio Cedeño (b. 1830 - d. 1891)
(commander [in rebellion from 29 Dec 1878])
26 Feb 1879 - 8 May 1879 Antonio Guzmán Blanco (4th time) (s.a.)
(supreme director)
8 May 1879 - 12 May 1879 José Rafael Pacheco (acting) (b. 1829 - d. 1884)
12 May 1879 - 27 Apr 1884 Antonio Guzmán Blanco (5th time) (s.a.)
(provisional to 17 Mar 1880)
27 Apr 1884 - 27 Apr 1886 Joaquín Crespo (1st time) (b. 1841 - d. 1898)
27 Apr 1886 - 15 Sep 1886 Manuel Antonio Diez (acting) (b. 1838 - d. 1916)
15 Sep 1886 - 5 Jul 1888 Antonio Guzmán Blanco (6th time) (s.a.)
8 Aug 1887 - 5 Jul 1888 Hermógenes López (b. 1830 - d. 1898)
(acting for Guzmán)
5 Jul 1888 - 19 Mar 1890 Juan Pablo Rojas Paúl (b. 1826 - d. 1905)
19 Mar 1890 - 17 Jun 1892 Raimundo Andueza Palacio (b. 1846 - d. 1900)
17 Jun 1892 - 2 Sep 1892 Guillermo Tell Villegas (2nd time) (s.a.)
(acting)
2 Sep 1892 - 6 Oct 1892 Guillermo Tell Villegas Pulido (b. 1854 - d. 1949)
(acting)
7 Oct 1892 - 28 Feb 1894 Joaquín Crespo (2nd time) (s.a.)
(Acting Chief to 16 Jun 1893, then provisional)
28 Feb 1894 - 14 Mar 1894 Manuel Guzmán Álvarez (1st time) (b. 1830 - d. 1912)
(acting)
14 Mar 1894 - 20 Feb 1898 Joaquín Crespo (3rd time) (s.a.)
20 Feb 1898 - 28 Feb 1898 Manuel Guzmán Álvarez (2nd time) (s.a.)
(acting)
28 Feb 1898 - 20 Oct 1899 Ignacio Andrade (b. 1839 - d. 1925)
20 Oct 1899 - 23 Oct 1899 Víctor Rodríguez Párraga (acting) (b. 1836 - d. 1918)
23 Oct 1899 - 11 Aug 1909 Cipriano Castro (b. 1858 - d. 1924)
(supreme chief to 26 Feb 1901; provisional president
26 Feb 1901 - 20 Feb 1902 and 6 May 1904 - 10 Jun 1905)
17 Feb 1909 - 19 Apr 1910 Juan Vicente Gómez (1st time) (b. 1857 - d. 1935)
(provisional; acting for suspended Castro to 11 Aug 1909)
19 Apr 1910 - 29 Apr 1910 Emilio Constantino Guerrero (b. 1866 - d. 1920)
(acting)
29 Apr 1910 - 3 Jun 1910 Jesús Ramón Ayala (acting)
3 Jun 1910 - 19 Apr 1914 Juan Vicente Gómez (2nd time) (s.a.)
19 Apr 1914 - 24 Jun 1922 Victorino Márquez Bustillos (b. 1858 - d. 1941)
(provisional)
24 Jun 1922 - 19 Apr 1929 Juan Vicente Gómez (3rd time) (s.a.)
19 Apr 1929 - 13 Jun 1931 Juan Bautista Pérez (b. 1869 - d. 1952)
(acting to 31 May 1929)
13 Jun 1931 - 13 Jul 1931 Pedro Itriago Chacín (acting) (b. 1875 - d. 1936)
13 Jul 1931 - 17 Dec 1935 Juan Vicente Gómez (4th time) (s.a.)
18 Dec 1935 - 19 Apr 1936 Eleazar López Contreras (1st time) (b. 1883 - d. 1973)
(acting to 31 Dec 1935)
19 Apr 1936 - 29 Apr 1936 Arminio Borjas (acting) (b. 1868 - d. 1942)
29 Apr 1936 - 5 May 1941 Eleazar López Contreras (2nd time) (s.a.)
(acting from 19 Apr 1941)
5 May 1941 - 19 Oct 1945 Isaías Medina Angarita (b. 1897 - d. 1953)
19 Oct 1945 - 15 Feb 1948 Rómulo Betancourt (1st time) (b. 1908 - d. 1981)
(chairman Revolutionary Junta)
15 Feb 1948 - 24 Nov 1948 Rómulo Gallegos (b. 1884 - d. 1969)
24 Nov 1948 - 2 Dec 1952 Military junta
- Carlos Delgado Chalbaud (b. 1909 - d. 1950)
(to 13 Nov 1950) (chairman)
- Marcos Pérez Jiménez (b. 1914 - d. 2001)
- Luis Felipe Llovera Páez (b. 1913 - d. 1977)
- Germán Suárez Flamerich (b. 1907 - d. 1990)
(from 27 Nov 1950) (chairman)
2 Dec 1952 - 23 Jan 1958 Marcos Pérez Jiménez (s.a.)
(provisional to 19 Apr 1953)
23 Jan 1958 - 14 Nov 1958 Wolfgang Larrazábal (b. 1911 - d. 2003)
(chairman Government Junta)
14 Nov 1958 - 13 Feb 1959 Edgar Sanabria Arcia (b. 1911 - d. 1989)
(chairman Government Junta)
13 Feb 1959 - 11 Mar 1964 Rómulo Betancourt (2nd time) (s.a.)
11 Mar 1964 - 11 Mar 1969 Raúl Leoni (b. 1905 - d. 1972)
11 Mar 1969 - 12 Mar 1974 Rafael Caldera (1st time) (b. 1916 - d. 2009)
12 Mar 1974 - 12 Mar 1979 Carlos Andrés Pérez (1st time) (b. 1922 - d. 2010)
12 Mar 1979 - 2 Feb 1984 Luis Herrera Campins (b. 1925 - d. 2007)
2 Feb 1984 - 2 Feb 1989 Jaime Lusinchi (b. 1924 - d. 2014)
2 Feb 1989 - 31 Aug 1993 Carlos Andrés Pérez (2nd time) (s.a.)
21 May 1993 - 5 Jun 1993 Octavio Lepage (b. 1923 - d. 2017)
(acting for suspended Pérez)
5 Jun 1993 - 2 Feb 1994 Ramón José Velásquez (b. 1916 - d. 2014)
(interim; acting for suspended Pérez to 31 Aug 1993)
2 Feb 1994 - 2 Feb 1999 Rafael Caldera (2nd time) (s.a.)
2 Feb 1999 - 12 Apr 2002 Hugo Chávez (1st time) (b. 1954 - d. 2013)
12 Apr 2002 - 13 Apr 2002 Pedro Carmona Estanga (b. 1941)
(president of transitional government on 12 Apr 2002)
13 Apr 2002 - 14 Apr 2002 Diosdado Cabello (acting) (b. 1963)
14 Apr 2002 - 5 Mar 2013 Hugo Chávez (2nd time) (s.a.)
5 Mar 2013 - Nicolás Maduro (b. 1962)
(acting to 19 Apr 2013)
23 Jan 2019 - 4 Jan 2023 Juan Guaidó (acting) (b. 1983)
(in opposition; recognized by U.S. and others)
Executive vice-presidents
24 Jan 2000 - 28 Dec 2000 Isaías Rodríguez (b. 1942)
28 Dec 2000 - 13 Jan 2002 Adina Bastidas (f) (b. 1943)
13 Jan 2002 - 12 Apr 2002 Diosdado Cabello (1st time) (s.a.)
14 Apr 2002 - 5 May 2002 Diosdado Cabello (2nd time) (s.a.)
5 May 2002 - 8 Jan 2007 José Vicente Rangel (b. 1929 - d. 2020)
8 Jan 2007 - 6 Jan 2008 Jorge Rodríguez (b. 1965)
6 Jan 2008 - 25 Jan 2010 Ramón Carrizalez (b. 1952)
26 Jan 2010 - 13 Oct 2012 Elías Jaua (b. 1969)
13 Oct 2012 - 5 Mar 2013 Nicolás Maduro (s.a.)
8 Mar 2013 - 6 Jan 2016 Jorge Arreaza (b. 1973)
6 Jan 2016 - 4 Jan 2017 Aristóbulo Istúriz (b. 1946 - d. 2021)
4 Jan 2017 - 14 Jun 2018 Tareck El Aissami (b. 1974)
14 Jun 2018 - Delcy Rodríguez (f) (b. 1969) ¹The weekly rotating chairmanship was occasionally held by alternate members: Manuel Moreno de Mendoza (b. 1755 - d. 1841) (alternate to Mendoza), Mauricio Ayala (b. 1774 - d. 1813) (alternate to Escalona), and perhaps also Andrés Narvarte (b. 1781 - d. 1853) (alternate to Padrón).
... Dai Viet Quoc (Great Viet Realm; Viet [Chinese Yue]
is a geographic concept of variable China/Vietnam location)
1804 Viet Nam Quoc (Viet Nam Realm) (name authorized by China)
15 Feb 1839 Dai Nam Quoc (literally, "Great South Realm")
(name not authorized by China)
5 Jun 1862 Cochinchina (southern region) becomes French colony
25 Aug 1883 Annam and Tonkin (central and northern regions) become
French protectorates
17 Oct 1887 Union of Indochina formed (Annam, Tonkin, Cochinchina,
Cambodia, and, from 1893, Laos)
9 Mar 1945 - 15 Aug 1945 Japanese occupation
12 Jun 1945 Viet Nam Empire
25 Aug 1945 end of the empire; subsequently de facto division between
North and South Vietnam (see below)
21 Jul 1954 division formalized by Geneva Accords
2 Jul 1976 unification as Socialist Republic of Vietnam
Rulers (from 1806, emperors; from 1884 imperial title translated by the French as king)
- Le dynasty -
3 Aug 1675 - May 1705 Le Duy Hiep
mieu hieu: Hi Tong / dang ton hieu: Chuong Hoang De
nien hieu 31 Jan 1680 - May 1705: Chinh Hoa
22 May 1705 - Apr 1729 Le Duy Duong
mieu hieu: Du Tong / dang ton hieu: Hoa Hoang De
nien hieu May 1705 - 8 Feb 1720: Vinh Thinh
nien hieu 8 Feb 1720 - 27 Apr 1729: Bao Thai
Apr 1729 - Sep 1732 Le Duy Phuong
dang ton hieu: (Hon Duc De)
nien hieu Apr 1729 - Sep 1732: Vinh Khanh
Sep 1729 - 7 May 1735 Le Duy Tuong
mieu hieu: Thuan Tong / dang ton hieu: Gian Hoang De
nien hieu Sep 1732 - 7 May 1735: Long Duc
May 1735 - Jun 1740 Le Duy Thin (also called Le Duy Chan)
mieu hieu: Y Tong / dang ton hieu: Huy Hoang De
nien hieu May 1735 - Jun 1740: Vinh Huu
Jun 1740 - 10 Aug 1786 Le Duy Dao
mieu hieu: Hien Tong / dang ton hieu: Vinh Hoang De
nien hieu Jun 1740 - 18 Feb 1787: Canh Hung
(reputed later to have continued to 31 May 1802)
1767 - 1769 Le Duy Mat (in rebellion)
Aug 1786 - 30 Jan 1789 Le Duy Ky
dang ton hieu: Man Hoang De
nien hieu 18 Feb 1787 - 1789: Chieu Tong
(also reputed later to have continued to 31 May 1802)
30 Jan 1789 - 31 May 1802 rule extinguished by Tay Son rulers (see below)
1789 - 1790 Le Duy Chi
(in rebellion against Tay Son rule)
- Nguyen dynasty -
31 May 1802 - 3 Feb 1820 Nguyen Phuoc Noan (b. 1762 - d. 1820)
mieu hieu: The To / dang ton hieu: Cao Hoang De
nien hieu 31 May 1802 - 14 Feb 1820: Gia Long
14 Feb 1820 - 20 Jan 1841 Nguyen Phuoc Hao (b. 1791 - d. 1841)
mieu hieu: Thanh To / dang ton hieu: Nhan Hoang De
nien hieu 14 Feb 1820 - 11 Feb 1841: Minh Mang
11 Feb 1841 - 4 Nov 1847 Nguyen Phuoc Toan (b. 1807 - d. 1847)
mieu hieu: Hien To / dang ton hieu: Chuong Hoang De
nien hieu 11 Feb 1841 - 9 Nov 1847: Thieu Tri
10 Nov 1847 - 19 Jul 1883 Nguyen Phuoc Thi (b. 1829 - d. 1883)
mieu hieu: Duc Tong / dang ton hieu: Anh Hoang De
nien hieu 5 Feb 1848 - 27 Jan 1884: Tu Duc
19 Jul 1883 - 2 Dec 1883 Regency Council
- Tran Tien Thanh (to Sep 1883) (b. 1813 - d. 1883)
- Nguyen Van Tuong (b. 1824 - d. 1886)
- Ton That Thuyet (b. 1835 - d. 1913)
20 Jul 1883 - 23 Jul 1883 Nguyen Phuoc Ung Chan (b. 1852 - d. 1883)
mieu hieu: Cung Tong / dang ton hieu: Hue Hoang De
(often referred to by the nickname Duc Duc)
30 Jul 1883 - 29 Nov 1883 Nguyen Phuoc Thang (b. 1847 - d. 1883)
dang ton hieu: Cung Tong Hoang De
(often referred to as Hiep Hoa)
2 Dec 1883 - 31 Jul 1884 Nguyen Phuoc Hieu (b. 1869 - d. 1884)
mieu hieu: Gian Tong / dang ton hieu: Nghi Hoang De
nien hieu 27 Jan 1884 - 15 Feb 1885: Kien Phuoc
2 Dec 1883 - 2 Aug 1884 Regency Council
- Nguyen Van Tuong (s.a.)
- Ton That Thuyet (s.a.)
- Prince Nguyen Phuoc Huong Huu,
Gia-huong Vuong (b. 1835 - d. 1885)
2 Aug 1884 - 5 Jul 1885 Nguyen Phuoc Minh (b. 1871 - d. 1943)
nien hieu 15 Feb 1885 - 18 Sep 1885: Ham Nghi
(continues in rebellion to Nov 1888)
2 Aug 1884 - 5 Jul 1885 Regency Council
- Nguyen Van Tuong (s.a.)
- Prince Nguyen Phuoc Huong Huu,
Gia-huong Vuong (s.a.)
(to 21 Oct 1884)
- Prince Nguyen Phuoc Mien Lam,
Duke of Hoai Duc (b. 1832 - d. 1897)
(from Nov 1884)
15 Jul 1885 - Jul 1885 Prince Nguyen Phuoc Mien Dinh,
Tho-Xuan Vuong (regent) (b. 1810 - d. 1886)
19 Sep 1885 - 28 Jan 1889 Nguyen Phuoc Bien (b. 1864 - d. 1889)
mieu hieu: Canh Tong / dang ton hieu: Thuan Hoang De
nien hieu 7 Nov 1885 - 1 Feb 1889: Dong Khanh
1 Feb 1889 - 3 Sep 1907 Nguyen Phuoc Buu Lan (b. 1879 - d. 1954)
nien hieu 1 Feb 1889 - 5 Sep 1907: Thanh Thai
1 Feb 1889 - 27 Sep 1897 Regency Council
- Prince Nguyen Phuoc Mien Trinh,
Tuy-Ly Vuong (b. 1820 - d. 1897)
- Prince Nguyen Phuoc Mien Lam,
Duke of Hoai Duc (s.a.)
- Nguyen Trong Hiep (b. 1834 - d. 1902)
(to 4 Sep 1896 [effectively Mar 1897])
- Truong Quang Dan (to Apr 1896)
- Nguyen Than (from Apr 1896) (b. 1840 - d. 1914)
- Bui An Nien (from Apr 1890)
- Hoang Cao Khai (from Jul 1897) (b. 1850 - d. 1933)
29 Jul 1907 - 18 May 1916 Truong Nhu Cuong (b. 1843 - d. 19...)
(president of the Regency Council)
5 Sep 1907 - 3 May 1916 Nguyen Phuoc Vinh San (b. 1900 - d. 1945)
nien hieu 5 Sep 1907 - 18 May 1916: Duy Tan
18 May 1916 - 6 Nov 1925 Nguyen Phuoc Tuan (b. 1885 - d. 1925)
mieu hieu: Hoang Tong / dang ton hieu: Tuyen Hoang De
nien hieu 18 May 1916 - 13 Feb 1926: Khai Dinh
6 Nov 1925 - 10 Sep 1932 Ton That Han (b. 1854 - d. 1944)
(president of the Regency Council)
8 Jan 1926 - 25 Aug 1945 Nguyen Phuoc Vinh Thuy (b. 1913 - d. 1997)
nien hieu 13 Feb 1926 - 25 Aug 1945: Bao Dai
Prime minister
7 Apr 1945 - 19 Aug 1945 Tran Trong Kim (b. 1882 - d. 1953)
Rulers
- Trinh family -
1682 - 1709 Trinh Can "Dinh Vuong" (b. 1632? - d. 1709)
1709 - 1729 Trinh Cuong "An Do Vuong" (b. 1685? - d. 1729)
1729 - 1740 Trinh Giang "Uy Nam Vuong" (b. 1689? - d. 1740)
1740 - 1767 Trinh Doanh "Minh Do Vuong" (b. 1719? - d. 1767)
1767 - 1782 Trinh Sam "Tinh Do Vuong" (b. 1738? - d. 1782)
1782 Trinh Man
1782 - 1786 Trinh Khai "Doan Nam Vuong" (b. 1760? - d. 1786)
1786 - 1787 Trinh Bong "An Do Vuong"
- Nguyen Phuoc family -
7 Feb 1691 - 1 Jun 1725 Nguyen Phuoc Chu "Chua Minh" (b. 1675 - d. 1725)
mieu hieu: Hien Tong / dang ton hieu: Minh Hoang De
1 Jun 1725 - 7 Jun 1738 Nguyen Phuoc Tru "Chua Ninh" (b. 1697 - d. 1738)
mieu hieu: Tuc Tong / dang ton hieu: Ninh Hoang De
7 Jun 1738 - 7 Jun 1765 Nguyen Phuoc Khoat (b. 1714 - d. 1765)
mieu hieu: The Tong / dang ton hieu: Vo Hoang De
31 Dec 1765 - 1776 Nguyen Phuoc Thuan (b. 1753 - d. 1777)
mieu hieu: Due Tong / dang ton hieu: Dinh Hoang De
1776 - 1777 Nguyen Phuoc Duong
dang ton hieu: (Tan Chinh Vuong)
Ruler (title Vuong; from 1778, Thien Vuong; from Jun 1787, Trung Uong Hoang De)
1776 - Oct 1793 Nguyen Van Nhac (b. c.1752 - d. 1793)
nien hieu 1778 - Oct 1793: Thai Duc
Rulers (title Dai Viet Hoang De)
22 Dec 1788 - 15 Sep 1792 Nguyen Van Hue = Nguyen Quang Binh (b. c.1752 - d. 1792)
mieu hieu: Thai To / dang ton hieu: Vo Hoang De
nien hieu 22 Dec 1788 - 11 Feb 1793: Quang Trung
15 Sep 1792 - Jul 1802 Nguyen Quang Toan (b. 1782 - d. af.1802)
nien hieu 11 Feb 1793 - Jun 1801: Canh Thinh
nien hieu Jun 1801 - Jul 1802: Bao Hung
1792 - 1795 Bui Doc Tuyen (regent)
1822 kingdom extinguished and incorporated into Vietnam
Kings
1695 - 1728 Po Saktirai da putih
1728 - 1730 Po Ganvuh da putih
1731 - 1732 Po Thuttirai
1732 - 1735 vacant
1735 - 1763 Po Rattirai
1763 - 1765 Po Tathun da moh-rai
1765 - 1780 Po Tithuntirai da paguh
1780 - 1781 Po Tithuntirai da parang
1781 - 1783 vacant
1783 - 1786 Chei Krei Brei
1786 - 1793 Po Tithun da parang
1793 - 1799 Po Lathun da paguh
1799 - 1822 Po Chong Chan
Governors-general
16 Nov 1887 - 22 Apr 1888 Ernest Constans (b. 1833 - d. 1913)
22 Apr 1888 - 31 May 1889 Étienne Richaud (b. 1841 - d. 1889)
(acting to 8 Sep 1888)
31 May 1889 - 18 Apr 1891 Jules Georges Piquet (b. 1839 - d. 1923)
18 Apr 1891 - 26 Jun 1891 Bideau (acting) (b. 18... - d. 1894)
26 Jun 1891 - 29 Dec 1894 Antoine de Lanessan (b. 1843 - d. 1919)
10 Mar 1894 - 26 Oct 1894 Léon Jean Laurent Chavassieux (b. 1848 - d. 1895)
(acting for Lanessan)
29 Dec 1894 - 16 Mar 1895 François Pierre Rodier (acting) (b. 1854 - d. 1913)
16 Mar 1895 - 10 Dec 1896 Armand Rousseau (b. 1835 - d. 1896)
10 Dec 1896 - 13 Feb 1897 Augustin Julien Fourès (acting) (b. 1853 - d. 1915)
13 Feb 1897 - 14 Mar 1902 Paul Doumer (b. 1857 - d. 1932)
14 Mar 1902 - 14 Oct 1902 Édouard Broni (acting)
15 Oct 1902 - 28 Feb 1908 Paul Beau (b. 1857 - d. 1927)
28 Feb 1908 - 23 Sep 1908 Louis Alphonse Bonhoure (acting) (b. 1864 - d. 1909)
24 Sep 1908 - 17 Feb 1911 Antony Klobukowski (b. 1855 - d. 1934)
13 Jan 1910 - 10 Jun 1910 Albert Picquié (b. 1853 - d. 1917)
(acting for Klobukowski)
17 Feb 1911 - 14 Nov 1911 Paul Louis Luce (acting) (b. 1856 - d. 1931)
15 Nov 1911 - 22 Nov 1913 Albert Sarraut (1st time) (b. 1872 - d. 1962)
22 Nov 1913 - 3 Mar 1915 Joost van Vollenhoven (acting) (b. 1877 - d. 1918)
3 Mar 1915 - 22 May 1916 Ernest Roume (b. 1858 - d. 1941)
23 May 1916 - 21 Jan 1917 Jean Charles (acting)
22 Jan 1917 - May 1919 Albert Sarraut (2nd time) (s.a.)
May 1919 - Feb 1920 Maurice Antoine François
Monguillot (1st time) (acting) (b. 1874 - d. 1945)
Feb 1920 - Apr 1922 Maurice Long (b. 1866 - d. 1923)
Apr 1922 - 1923 François Marius Baudouin (acting)
1923 - Apr 1925 Martial Merlin (b. 1860 - d. 1935)
Apr 1925 - Nov 1925 Maurice Antoine François
Monguillot (2nd time) (s.a.)
18 Nov 1925 - Jan 1928 Alexandre Varenne (b. 1870 - d. 1947)
Jan 1928 - Aug 1928 Maurice Antoine François
Monguillot (3rd time) (s.a.)
22 Aug 1928 - 15 Jan 1934 Pierre Pasquier (b. 1877 - d. 1934)
27 Feb 1934 - Sep 1936 René Robin (b. 1872 - d. 1954)
Sep 1936 - 23 Aug 1939 Jules Brévié (b. 1880 - d. 1964)
23 Aug 1939 - 25 Jun 1940 Georges Catroux (acting) (b. 1877 - d. 1969)
25 Jun 1940 - 9 Mar 1945 Jean Decoux (b. 1884 - d. 1963)
High commissioners (from 27 Apr 1953, commissioners-general)
31 Oct 1945 - 1 Apr 1947 Georges Thierry d'Argenlieu (b. 1889 - d. 1964)
1 Apr 1947 - 11 Oct 1948 Émile Bollaert (b. 1890 - d. 1978)
20 Oct 1948 - 17 Dec 1950 Léon Pignon (b. 1908 - d. 1976)
17 Dec 1950 - 11 Jan 1952 Jean de Lattre de Tassigny (b. 1889 - d. 1952)
1 Apr 1952 - 28 Jul 1953 Jean Letourneau (b. 1907 - d. 1986)
28 Jul 1953 - 10 Apr 1954 Maurice Dejean (b. 1899 - d. 1982)
10 Apr 1954 - Apr 1955 Paul Ély (b. 1897 - d. 1975)
Apr 1955 - 21 Jul 1956 Henri Hoppenot (b. 1891 - d. 1977)
Residents-general
11 Jun 1884 - 1 Oct 1884 Paul Rheinart (1st time) (b. 1840 - d. 1902)
(provisional)
1 Oct 1884 - 31 May 1885 Victor Lemaire (b. 1839 - d. 1907)
31 May 1885 - 26 Jan 1886 Philippe Marie Henri Roussel de
Courcy (b. 1827 - d. 1887)
27 Jan 1886 - 6 Apr 1886 Warnet (acting)
8 Apr 1886 - 11 Nov 1886 Paul Bert (b. 1833 - d. 1886)
12 Nov 1886 - 28 Jan 1887 Paulin Vial (acting) (b. 1831 - d. 1907)
29 Jan 1887 - 17 Nov 1887 Georges Bihourd (b. 1846 - d. 1914)
17 Nov 1887 - 25 Jun 1888 Berger (acting)
25 Jun 1888 - 8 Sep 1888 Eusèbe Irénée Parreau (acting) (b. 1842 - d. 1922)
8 Sep 1888 - 29 May 1889 Paul Rheinart (2nd time) (s.a.)
Residents-superior
8 Apr 1886 - 1888 Charles Dillon (b. ... - d. 1889)
1888 - 1889 Séraphin Hector (1st time) (b. 1846 - d. ...)
(acting)
1889 Léon Jean Laurent Chavassieux (s.a.)
(acting)
10 May 1889 - 27 Oct 1891 Séraphin Hector (2nd time) (s.a.)
27 Oct 1891 - 1 Jan 1897 Ernest Brière (b. 1848 - d. 1904)
1 Feb 1897 - 7 Mar 1898 Alexis Auvergne (1st time) (b. 1859 - d. 1942)
(acting)
7 Mar 1898 - 1900 Léon Jules Pol Boulloche (b. 1859 - d. 1922)
22 Feb 1900 - Aug 1904 Alexis Auvergne (2nd time) (s.a.)
(acting to 9 May 1901)
1904 - 1906 Jean-Ernest Moulié (acting)
1906 - Jul 1908 Fernand Levecque (b. 1852 - d. 1947)
Jul 1908 - 1910 Jean-Henri Groleau (b. 1859 - d. 19...)
1910 - 1 Jan 1912 Henri Victor Sestier (b. 1857 - d. 19...)
1 Jan 1912 - 15 May 1913 Georges Mahé (b. 1860 - d. 19...)
16 May 1913 - 1920 Jean Charles (acting to May 1914)
1920 - 1927 Pierre Pasquier (s.a.)
1927 - 1928 Jules Fries
1928 - 1931 Aristide Eugène Le Fol
1931 - 1934 Yves Chatel (b. 1885 - d. 1944)
1934 - 1940 Maurice Fernand Graffeuil (b. 1882 - d. 1941)
1940 - 1944 Émile Louis François Grandjean
1944 - Mar 1945 Jean Maurice Norbert Haelewyn (b. 1901 - d. 1945)
Residents-superior (subordinate to Annam to 1888)
8 Apr 1886 - 11 Nov 1886 Paulin Vial (s.a.)
12 Nov 1886 - 29 Jan 1887 Jean Thomas Raoul Bonnal (acting) (b. 1847 - d. ...)
29 Apr 1888 - 10 May 1889 Eusèbe Irénée Parreau (s.a.)
29 May 1889 - 27 Oct 1891 Ernest Brière (s.a.)
27 Oct 1891 - Jul 1893 Léon Jean Laurent Chavassieux (s.a.)
Jul 1893 - 30 Mar 1895 François Pierre Rodier (s.a.)
(acting to 15 Oct 1894)
30 Mar 1895 - 18 Jul 1895 Paul Louis Luce (acting) (b. 1856 - d. 1931)
1897 Léon Jules Pol Boulloche (s.a.)
26 Jul 1897 - 30 Aug 1905 Augustin Julien Fourès (s.a.)
30 Aug 1905 - 2 Apr 1907 Jean-Henri Groleau (acting) (s.a.)
Apr 1907 - Jul 1907 Louis Alphonse Bonhoure (b. 1864 - d. 1909)
Jul 1907 - Apr 1909 Louis Jules Morel (b. 1853 - d. 19...)
Apr 1909 - Sep 1909 Marie Joseph de Miribel (acting) (b. 1853 - d. 19...)
Sep 1909 - Aug 1912 Paul Simoni (b. 1863 - d. 1931)
20 Aug 1912 - 15 Dec 1912 Jean Charles (acting)
16 Dec 1912 - 8 Jun 1915 Georges Destenay (b. 1861 - d. 1915)
8 Jun 1915 - 1916 Maurice Le Gallen (b. 1873 - d. 1955)
1917 - 1921 Jean Édouard Bourcier
Saint-Chaffray (b. 1870 - d. 19...)
1921 - 1925 Maurice Antoine François
Monguillot (s.a.)
1925 - 1930 René Robin (b. 1872 - d. 1954)
1930 - 1937 Auguste Tholance (b. 1878 - d. 1938)
1937 - 1940 Yves Chatel (s.a.)
1940 - 1941 Émile Louis François Grandjean
1941 - 1942 Édouard André Delsalle (b. 1893 - d. 1945)
1942 - 1944 Jean Maurice Norbert Haelewyn (s.a.)
1944 - 9 Mar 1945 Camille Auphelle (b. 1908 - d. 1945)
Governors
- in Tourane (Da Nang) -
Sep 1858 - 1859 Charles Rigault de Genouilly (b. 1807 - d. 1873)
19 Oct 1859 - 23 Mar 1860 Théogène François Page (b. 1807 - d. 1867)
- in Saigon -
18 Feb 1859 - 1859 Charles Rigault de Genouilly (s.a.)
Mar 1859 - Mar 1860 Jean-Bernard Jauréguiberry (b. 1815 - d. 1887)
(acting)
Mar 1860 - 6 Feb 1861 Théogène François Page (s.a.)
1 Apr 1860 - 6 Feb 1861 Joseph d'Ariès (acting for Page) (b. 1813 - d. 1878)
6 Feb 1861 - 30 Nov 1861 Léonard Victor Joseph Charner (b. 1797 - d. 1869)
30 Nov 1861 - 16 Oct 1863 Louis Adolphe Bonard (b. 1805 - d. 1867)
16 Oct 1863 - 4 Apr 1868 Pierre Paul Marie de La Grandière (b. 1807 - d. 1876)
4 Apr 1868 - 10 Dec 1869 Marie Hector Ohier (acting) (b. 1814 - d. 1870)
10 Dec 1869 - 9 Jan 1870 Joseph Faron (acting) (b. 1819 - d. 1881)
9 Jan 1870 - 1 Apr 1871 Alphonse de Cornulier-Lucinière (b. 1811 - d. 1886)
1 Apr 1871 - 16 Mar 1874 Marie Jules Dupré (b. 1813 - d. 1881)
16 Mar 1874 - 30 Nov 1874 Jules Krantz (acting) (b. 1821 - d. 1914)
30 Nov 1874 - 16 Oct 1877 Victor Auguste, baron Duperré (b. 1825 - d. 1900)
16 Oct 1877 - 7 Jul 1879 Louis Charles Georges Jules Lafont (b. 1825 - d. 1908)
7 Jul 1879 - 7 Nov 1882 Charles Le Myre de Vilers (b. 1833 - d. 1918)
7 Nov 1882 - Jul 1885 Charles Thomson (b. 1845 - d. 1898)
Jul 1885 - Jun 1886 Charles Auguste Frédéric Begin (b. 1835 - d. 1901)
Jun 1886 - 22 Oct 1887 Ange Michel Filippini (b. 1834 - d. 1887)
23 Oct 1887 - 2 Nov 1887 Noël Pardon (acting) (b. 1854 - d. 1910)
3 Nov 1887 - 15 Nov 1887 Jules Georges Piquet (acting) (s.a.)
Lieutenant governors
Nov 1887 - Apr 1888 Ernest Constans (b. 1833 - d. 1913)
Apr 1888 - 1888 Auguste Eugène Navelle (b. 1846 - d. ...)
1889 Augustin Julien Fourès (1st time) (s.a.)
1889 - 1892 Henri Danel (b. 1850 - d. 1900)
1892 - 1895 Augustin Julien Fourès (2nd time) (s.a.)
1895 - 1897 Alexandre Ducos (b. 1851 - d. 1908)
1897 - 1898 Ange Eugène Nicolaï (b. 1845 - d. 1908)
1898 - 1901 Édouard Picanon (b. 1854 - d. 1939)
1901 - 1902 Henri de Lamothe (b. 1843 - d. 1926)
1902 - 1906 François Pierre Rodier (s.a.)
1906 - 1907 Olivier Charles Arthur de Lalande
de Calan
29 Jun 1907 - 9 Jan 1909 Louis Alphonse Bonhoure (b. 1864 - d. 1909)
1909 - 1911 Maurice Gourbeil
Governors
1911 - 1916 Maurice Gourbeil
1916 - 1921 Maurice Le Gallen (b. 1873 - d. 1955)
Jun 1918 - Feb 1920 Georges Maspéro (b. 1872 - d. 1942)
(acting for Le Gallen)
1921 - 1926 Maurice Cognacq
1926 - 1929 Paul Marie Alexis Joseph Blanchard
de la Brosse
1929 Auguste Tholance (acting) (b. 1878 - d. 1938)
1929 - 1934 Jean-Félix Krautheimer (b. 1874 - d. 1943)
1934 - 1939 Pierre Pagès (b. 1893 - d. 1980)
1939 - 1940 René Veber (b. 1888 - d. 1972)
1940 - 1942 Henri Georges Rivoal (b. 1886 - d. 1963)
2 Sep 1945 independence proclaimed (Democratic Republic of Vietnam)
Chairman of the Indochinese Communist Party (from Feb 1951, Vietnam Workers' Party)
1930 - 2 Sep 1969 Ho Chi Minh (b. 1890 - d. 1969)
First secretaries (top party post from 2 Sep 1969)
May 1941 - 1 Nov 1956 Truong Chinh (b. 1907 - d. 1988)
1 Nov 1956 - 10 Sep 1960 Ho Chi Minh (s.a.)
10 Sep 1960 - 20 Dec 1976 Le Duan (b. 1908 - d. 1986)
Presidents
2 Sep 1945 - 2 Sep 1969 Ho Chi Minh (s.a.)
3 Sep 1969 - 2 Jul 1976 Ton Duc Thang (b. 1888 - d. 1980)
(acting to 23 Sep 1969)
Prime ministers
2 Sep 1945 - 20 Sep 1955 Ho Chi Minh (s.a.)
20 Sep 1955 - 2 Jul 1976 Pham Van Dong (b. 1908 - d. 2000)
1 Jun 1946 Autonomous Republic of Cochinchina
8 Oct 1947 South Vietnam
27 May 1948 Vietnam
14 Jun 1949 French associated state (State of Vietnam)
26 Oct 1955 Republic of Vietnam
30 Apr 1975 Republic of South Vietnam
Presidents of the Provisional Government
1 Jun 1946 - 10 Nov 1946 Nguyen Van Thinh (b. 1888 - d. 1946)
15 Nov 1946 - 7 Dec 1946 Nguyen Van Xuan (1st time) (b. 1892 - d. 1989)
7 Dec 1946 - 8 Oct 1947 Le Van Hoach (b. 1896 - d. 1978)
8 Oct 1947 - 27 May 1948 Nguyen Van Xuan (2nd time) (s.a.)
President of the Central Government of Vietnam
27 May 1948 - 14 Jun 1949 Nguyen Van Xuan (s.a.)
Chief of state
14 Jun 1949 - 26 Oct 1955 Bao Dai (s.a.)
Presidents
26 Oct 1955 - 2 Nov 1963 Ngo Dinh Diem (b. 1901 - d. 1963)
2 Nov 1963 - 30 Jan 1964 Duong Van Minh (1st time) (b. 1916 - d. 2001)
(chairman Revolutionary Military Committee)
30 Jan 1964 - 8 Feb 1964 Nguyen Khanh (1st time) (b. 1927 - d. 2013)
8 Feb 1964 - 16 Aug 1964 Duong Van Minh (2nd time) (s.a.)
16 Aug 1964 - 27 Aug 1964 Nguyen Khanh (2nd time) (s.a.)
27 Aug 1964 - 8 Sep 1964 Provisional Leadership Committee
- Duong Van Minh (s.a.)
- Nguyen Khanh (s.a.)
- Tran Thien Khiem (b. 1925 - d. 2021)
8 Sep 1964 - 26 Oct 1964 Duong Van Minh (3rd time) (s.a.)
(chairman Provisional Leadership Committee)
26 Oct 1964 - 14 Jun 1965 Phan Khac Suu (b. 1905 - d. 1970)
14 Jun 1965 - 21 Apr 1975 Nguyen Van Thieu (b. 1924 - d. 2001)
(chairman National Leadership Committee to 31 Oct 1967)
21 Apr 1975 - 28 Apr 1975 Tran Van Huong (b. 1903 - d. 1982)
28 Apr 1975 - 30 Apr 1975 Duong Van Minh (4th time) (acting) (s.a.)
30 Apr 1975 - 2 Jul 1976 Huynh Tan Phat (b. 1913 - d. 1989)
(chairman Provisional Revolutionary Government [in
rebellion from Jun 1969])
Prime ministers
13 Jun 1949 - 21 Jan 1950 Bao Dai (s.a.)
21 Jan 1950 - 26 Apr 1950 Nguyen Phan Long (b. 1888 - d. 1960)
27 Apr 1950 - 6 Jun 1952 Tran Van Huu (b. 1896 - d. 1984)
6 Jun 1952 - 17 Dec 1953 Nguyen Van Tam (b. 1895 - d. 1990)
16 Jan 1954 - 16 Jun 1954 Prince Nguyen Phuoc Buu Loc (b. 1914 - d. 1990)
16 Jun 1954 - 26 Jun 1954 Phan Huy Quat (1st time) (acting) (b. 1909 - d. 1979)
26 Jun 1954 - 26 Oct 1955 Ngo Dinh Diem (s.a.)
4 Nov 1963 - 30 Jan 1964 Nguyen Ngoc Tho (b. 1908 - d. 1976)
8 Feb 1964 - 29 Aug 1964 Nguyen Khanh (1st time) (s.a.)
29 Aug 1964 - 3 Sep 1964 Nguyen Xuan Oanh (1st time) (b. 1921 - d. 2003)
(acting)
3 Sep 1964 - 4 Nov 1964 Nguyen Khanh (2nd time) (s.a.)
4 Nov 1964 - 28 Jan 1965 Tran Van Huong (1st time) (s.a.)
28 Jan 1965 - 15 Feb 1965 Nguyen Xuan Oanh (2nd time) (s.a.)
(acting)
16 Feb 1965 - 21 Jun 1965 Phan Huy Quat (2nd time) (s.a.)
21 Jun 1965 - 31 Oct 1967 Nguyen Cao Ky (b. 1930 - d. 2011)
31 Oct 1967 - 25 May 1968 Nguyen Van Loc (b. 1922 - d. 1992)
25 May 1968 - 1 Sep 1969 Tran Van Huong (2nd time) (s.a.)
1 Sep 1969 - 4 Apr 1975 Tran Thien Khiem (s.a.)
4 Apr 1975 - 24 Apr 1975 Nguyen Ba Can (b. 1930 - d. 2009)
28 Apr 1975 - 30 Apr 1975 Vu Van Mau (b. 1914 - d. 1998)
General secretaries of the Communist Party 20 Dec 1976 - 10 Jul 1986 Le Duan (s.a.) 14 Jul 1986 - 18 Dec 1986 Truong Chinh (s.a.) 18 Dec 1986 - 27 Jun 1991 Nguyen Van Linh (b. 1915 - d. 1998) 27 Jun 1991 - 29 Dec 1997 Do Muoi (b. 1917 - d. 2018) 29 Dec 1997 - 22 Apr 2001 Le Kha Phieu (b. 1931 - d. 2020) 22 Apr 2001 - 19 Jan 2011 Nong Duc Manh (b. 1940) 19 Jan 2011 - Nguyen Phu Trong (b. 1944)
Presidents 2 Jul 1976 - 30 Mar 1980 Ton Duc Thang (s.a.) 30 Mar 1980 - 4 Jul 1981 Nguyen Huu Tho (acting) (b. 1910 - d. 1996) Chairmen of the State Council 4 Jul 1981 - 18 Jun 1987 Truong Chinh (s.a.) 18 Jun 1987 - 22 Sep 1992 Vo Chi Cong (b. 1913 - d. 2011) Presidents 23 Sep 1992 - 24 Sep 1997 Le Duc Anh (b. 1920 - d. 2019) 24 Sep 1997 - 27 Jun 2006 Tran Duc Luong (b. 1937) 27 Jun 2006 - 25 Jul 2011 Nguyen Minh Triet (b. 1942) 25 Jul 2011 - 2 Apr 2016 Truong Tan Sang (b. 1949) 2 Apr 2016 - 21 Sep 2018 Tran Dai Quang (b. 1956 - d. 2018) 21 Sep 2018 - 23 Oct 2018 Dang Thi Ngoc Thinh (f) (acting) (b. 1959) 23 Oct 2018 - 5 Apr 2021 Nguyen Phu Trong (s.a.) 5 Apr 2021 - 18 Jan 2023 Nguyen Xuan Phuc (b. 1954) 18 Jan 2023 - 2 Mar 2023 Vo Thi Anh Xuan (f) (1st time) (b. 1970) (acting) 2 Mar 2023 - 21 Mar 2024 Vo Van Thuong (b. 1970) 21 Mar 2024 - Vo Thi Anh Xuan (f) (2nd time) (s.a.) (acting)
Chairmen of the Council of Ministers 2 Jul 1976 - 18 Jun 1987 Pham Van Dong (s.a.) 18 Jun 1987 - 10 Mar 1988 Pham Hung (b. 1912 - d. 1988) 10 Mar 1988 - 22 Jun 1988 Vo Van Kiet (1st time) (acting) (b. 1922 - d. 2008) 22 Jun 1988 - 8 Aug 1991 Do Muoi (s.a.) 8 Aug 1991 - 24 Sep 1992 Vo Van Kiet (2nd time) (s.a.) Prime ministers 24 Sep 1992 - 25 Sep 1997 Vo Van Kiet (s.a.) 25 Sep 1997 - 27 Jun 2006 Phan Van Khai (b. 1933 - d. 2018) 27 Jun 2006 - 7 Apr 2016 Nguyen Tan Dung (b. 1949) 7 Apr 2016 - 5 Apr 2021 Nguyen Xuan Phuc (s.a.) 5 Apr 2021 - Pham Minh Chinh (b. 1958)
1650 French/Order of Malta rule in St. Croix
1734 Danish rule in St. Croix
1756 Danish West Indies
Mar 1801 - Feb 1802 British rule
Dec 1807 - Apr 1815 British rule
31 Mar 1917 purchase by U.S. effective
Governors
8 Jan 1735 - 1736 Frederik Moth (b. 1694 - d. 1746)
1736 - 1744 Gregers Hög Nissen
1744 - 1747 Poul Jensen Lindemark (b. ... - d. 1747)
1747 - 1751 Jens Hansen
1751 - 1756 Peter Clausen (b. 1721 - d. 1784)
Governors-general
1756 - 1766 Christian Leberecht von Prøck (b. 1718 - d. 1780)
1766 - 1770 Peter Clausen (1st time) (s.a.)
1770 - 1772 Frederik Moth (b. 1750 - d. 1806)
1772 - 1773 Ulrich Wilhelm von Roepstorff (b. 1730 - d. 1821)
Jul 1773 - Oct 1773 Henrik Ludvig Ernst von
Schimmelmann (1st time) (b. 1743 - d. 1793)
1773 - 1784 Peter Clausen (2nd time) (s.a.)
1784 - 1787 Henrik Ludvig Ernst von
Schimmelmann (2nd time) (s.a.)
1787 - 1794 Ernst Frederik von Walterstorff
(1st time) (b. 1755 - d. 1820)
1794 - 1796 Wilhelm Anton Lindemann (1st time) (b. 1739 - d. 1801)
1796 - 1798 Thomas de Malleville (b. 1739 - d. 1798)
1799 - Mar 1801 Wilhelm Anton Lindemann (2nd time) (s.a.)
Mar 1801 - Feb 1802 John Clayton Cowell (b. 1762 - d. 1819)
Feb 1802 - 1803 Ernst Frederik von Walterstorff
(2nd time) (s.a.)
1803 - 1807 Baltharzar Frederik Mühlenfels (b. 17... - d. 1807)
Mar 1807 - Dec 1807 Hans Christopher Lillienskjold (b. 1762 - d. 1837)
Dec 1807 - 1808 Henry Bowyer (b. 17... - d. 1808)
1808 - 19 Dec 1812 G.W. Harcourt
1 May 1813 - Apr 1815 George William Ramsay (b. 1761 - d. 1819)
Apr 1815 - 1816 Peter Lotharius von Oxholm (b. 1753 - d. 1827)
May 1816 - Jul 1816 Johan Henrik von Stabel (b. 1774 - d. 1831)
1816 - 1820 Adrian Benjamin Bentzon (b. 1777 - d. 1827)
1820 - 1822 Carl Adolph Rothe (b. 1767 - d. 1834)
1822 - 1827 Johan Frederik Bardenfleth (b. 1772 - d. 1833)
1827 - Jul 1848 Peter Carl Frederik von Scholten (b. 1784 - d. 1854)
Jul 1848 - Nov 1848 Frederik von Oxholm (b. 1801 - d. 1871)
Nov 1848 - 1851 Peder Hansen (b. 1798 - d. 1880)
1851 - 1855 Hans Ditmar Frederik Feddersen (b. 1805 - d. 1863)
1855 - 1860 Johan Frederik Schlegel (b. 1817 - d. 1896)
1860 - 1871 Vilhelm Ludvig Birch (b. 1817 - d. 1871)
Feb 1871 - Jun 1871 John Christmas (b. 1799 - d. 1873)
1871 - 1872 Frantz Ernst Bille (b. 1832 - d. 1918)
Jul 1872 - Sep 1872 Johan August Stakeman (b. 1805 - d. 1891)
1872 - 1881 Janus August Garde (b. 1823 - d. 1893)
1881 - 1893 Christian Henrik Arendrup (b. 1837 - d. 1913)
1893 - 1903 Carl Emil Hedemann (b. 1852 - d. 1929)
1903 - 1904 Herman August Jürs (b. 1838 - d. 1918)
1904 - 1905 Frederik Theodor Martin Mortensen
Nordlien (b. 1854 - d. 1924)
1905 - 1908 Christian Cold (b. 1863 - d. 1934)
1908 - 1911 Peter Carl Limpricht (b. 1838 - d. 1912)
1911 - 1916 Lars Christian Helweg-Larsen (b. 1860 - d. 1934)
1916 - 1917 Henri Konow (b. 1862 - d. 1939)
Governors
31 Mar 1917 - Apr 1917 Edwin Taylor Pollock (acting) (b. 1870 - d. 1943)
Apr 1917 - 1919 James Harrison Oliver (b. 1857 - d. 1928)
1919 - 1921 Joseph Wallace Oman (b. 1864 - d. 1941)
1921 - 1922 Sumner Ely Wetmore Kittelle (b. 1867 - d. 1950)
1922 - 1923 Henry Hughes Hough (b. 1871 - d. 1943)
1923 - 1925 Philip Williams (b. 1869 - d. 1942)
1925 - 6 Jan 1927 Martin Edwin Trench (b. 1869 - d. 1927)
Jan 1927 - 18 Mar 1931 Waldo Evans (b. 1869 - d. 1936)
18 Mar 1931 - 23 Jul 1935 Paul Martin Pearson (b. 1871 - d. 1938)
23 Jul 1935 - 3 Feb 1941 Lawrence William Cramer (b. 1897 - d. 1978)
3 Feb 1941 - 17 May 1946 Charles A. Harwood (b. 1880 - d. 1950)
17 May 1946 - 30 Nov 1949 William H. Hastie (b. 1904 - d. 1976)
30 Nov 1949 - 9 Apr 1954 Morris Fidanque de Castro (b. 1902 - d. 1966)
(acting to 24 Mar 1950)
9 Apr 1954 - 31 Aug 1955 Archie A. Alexander (b. 1888 - d. 1958)
17 Oct 1955 - 25 Sep 1958 Walter A. Gordon (b. 1894 - d. 1976)
25 Sep 1958 - 5 Apr 1961 John David Merwin (b. 1921 - d. 2013)
5 Apr 1961 - 12 Feb 1969 Ralph M. Paiewonsky (b. 1906 - d. 1991)
12 Feb 1969 - 1 Jul 1969 Cyril Emanuel King (1st time) (b. 1921 - d. 1978)
1 Jul 1969 - 6 Jan 1975 Melvin Herbert Evans (b. 1917 - d. 1984)
6 Jan 1975 - 2 Jan 1978 Cyril Emanuel King (2nd time) (s.a.)
2 Jan 1978 - 5 Jan 1987 Juan Francisco Luis (b. 1940 - d. 2011)
5 Jan 1987 - 5 Jan 1995 Alexander A. Farrelly (b. 1923 - d. 2002)
5 Jan 1995 - 4 Jan 1999 Roy L. Schneider (b. 1939)
4 Jan 1999 - 1 Jan 2007 Charles Turnbull (b. 1935 - d. 2022)
1 Jan 2007 - 5 Jan 2015 John deJongh (b. 1957)
5 Jan 2015 - 7 Jan 2019 Kenneth Mapp (b. 1955)
7 Jan 2019 - Albert Bryan (b. 1968)
1666 Danish colony
1756 part of Danish West Indies, but separate administration
until 1862
Governors
1694 - 1702 Johan Lorentz (2nd time) (b. 16... - d. 1702)
1702 - 1706 Claus Hansen (b. 16... - d. 1706)
1706 - 1708 Joachim Melchior von Holten (b. 1671 - d. 1708)
1708 - 1710 Diderich Mogensen
1710 - 1716 Mikkel Knudsen Crone (b. 16... - d. 1716)
1716 - 1724 Erik Bredal
May 1724 - Sep 1724 Otto Jacob Thambsen (b. 1670 - d. 1724)
1724 - 1727 Frederik Moth (1st time) (s.a.)
1727 - 1733 Henrik von Suhm (b. 1693 - d. 1744)
1733 - 1736 Philip Gardelin (b. ... - d. 1740)
1736 - 1740 Frederik Moth (2nd time) (s.a.)
1740 - 1744 Jacob Schönemann
1744 - 1747 Christian von Schweder
1747 - 1758 Christian Suhm (b. ... - d. 1759)
1758 - 1760 Harrien Felchenhauer (b. ... - d. 1764)
1760 - 1764 Johan Georg von John (b. ... - d. 1764)
Apr 1764 - Nov 1764 Ditlev Wilhelm Wildthagen (b. ... - d. 1764)
1764 - 1765 Peter Gynthelberg (b. 1728 - d. 1780)
1765 - 1766 Ulrich Wilhelm Roepstorff (b. 1730 - d. 1821)
1766 - 1773 Jens Nielsen Kragh (b. c.1729 - d. 1773)
1773 - 1796 Thomas de Malleville (b. 1739 - d. 1798)
1796 - 1800 Baltharzar Frederik Mühlenfels (s.a.)
1800 - Mar 1801 Casimir Wilhelm von Scholten
(1st time) (b. 1752 - d. 1810)
Mar 1801 - 1802 John Clayton Cowell
1802 - 1803 Willum von Rømeling (b. 1758 - d. 18...)
1803 - Dec 1807 Casimir Wilhelm von Scholten
(2nd time) (s.a.)
Dec 1807 - 1815 McLean
1815 - 1818 Christian Ludvig von Holten
(1st time) (b. 1774 - d. 1829)
1818 - 1820 Peter Carl Frederik von Scholten
(1st time) (s.a.)
Feb 1820 - Mar 1820 Christian Ludvig von Holten
(2nd time) (s.a.)
Apr 1820 - Jul 1820 Peter Carl Frederik von Scholten
(2nd time) (s.a.)
1820 - 1822 Carl Gottlieb Fleischer (b. ... - d. 1822)
1822 - 1823 Carl Vilhelm Jessen (b. 1764 - d. 1823)
1823 - 1826 Peter Carl Frederik von Scholten
(3rd time) (s.a.)
1826 - 1829 Johannes Söbötker (1st time) (b. 1777 - d. 1854)
1829 - 1834 Frederik Ludvig Christian Pentz
Rosenørn (b. 1781 - d. 1834)
1834 - 1836 Frederik von Oxholm (1st time) (s.a.)
1836 - 1848 Johannes Söbötker (2nd time) (s.a.)
1848 Hans Hendrik Berg (1st time) (b. 1789 - d. 1862)
1848 - 1852 Frederik von Oxholm (2nd time) (s.a.)
1853 - 1862 Hans Hendrik Berg (2nd time) (s.a.)
17 Jan 1899 U.S. takes possession; island remains generally uninhabited 23 Dec 1941 - 4 Sep 1945 occupied by Japan (renamed Otori Jima) Island commanders 15 Oct 1941 - 29 Nov 1941 James P.S. Devereux (b. 1903 - d. 1988) 29 Nov 1941 - 23 Dec 1941 Winfield Scott Cunningham (b. 1900 - d. 1986) Jan 1942 - 13 Dec 1942 Susumu Kawasaki 13 Dec 1942 - 4 Sep 1945 Shigematsu Sakaibara (b. 1894 - d. 1947)
1820 Takumasiva dynasty restored
5 Apr 1887 `Uvea (Wallis) becomes a French protectorate
27 Nov 1887 administratively attached to New Caledonia
Rulers (title Tui `Uvea or Hau, translated by the French as king/queen;
from 1858 also styled Lavelua¹)
- Takumasiva dynasty -
1767 - 1810 Manuka
1810 - 1818 Tufele
- Kulitea dynasty -
1818 - 1819 Kulitea
1819 - 1820 Lavekava
1820 Hiva
- Takumasiva dynasty -
1820 - 1825 Muliakaaka
1825 Uhila "moafa"
1825 Toifale (f)
1825 - 1826 Mulitoto
1826 - 1829 Soane-Patita Vaimua Lavelua
(1st time) (b. ... - d. 1858)
1829 - 1830 Takala
1830 - 1858 Soane-Patita Vaimua Lavelua
(2nd time) (s.a.)
1858 - 19 Feb 1869 Falakika Seilala (f) (b. ... - d. 1869)
Feb 1869 - 10 Mar 1895 Amelia Tokagahahau Aliki (f) (b. ... - d. 1895)
11 Mar 1895 - 16 Jan 1904 Vito (b. 18... - d. 1904)
11 Mar 1895 - 12 Mar 1895 Isaake (in rebellion)
Aug 1904 - 7 Sep 1906 Lusiano Aisake (b. ... - d. 1906)
1906 - 1 Apr 1910 Sosefo Mautâmakia I "Tokita"
(1st time) (b. 1853? - d. 1933)
(recognized by the resident until 19 May 1910)
22 Mar 1910 - 30 Nov 1916 Soane-Patita Lavuia (b. ... - d. 1916)
1916 - 1918 Sosefo Mautâmakia II (b. 186... - d. 1928)
1918 - 2 Nov 1924 Vitolo Kulihaapai
3 Nov 1924 - 9 Dec 1928 Tomasi Kulimoetoke I (b. ... - d. 1928)
21 Dec 1928 - 26 Jul 1931 Mikaele Tufele (1st time) (b. 18... - d. 1933)
27 Jul 1931 - 10 Mar 1933 Sosefo Mautâmakia I "Tokita"
(2nd time) (s.a.)
13 Mar 1933 - 25 May 1933 Petelo Kahofuna
(not recognized by the governor of New Caledonia)
25 May 1933 - 30 Nov 1933 Mikaele Tufele (2nd time) (s.a.)
30 Nov 1933 - 16 Mar 1941 Council of Ministers
16 Mar 1941 - 29 Mar 1947 Leone Manikitoga
9 May 1947 - 10 Apr 1950 Pelenato Fuluhea (b. ... - d. 1970)
25 Apr 1950 - 17 Nov 1953 Kapeliele Tufele "Setu"
17 Nov 1953 - 18 Dec 1953 Council of Ministers
18 Dec 1953 - 19 Dec 1953 Soane Toke
22 Dec 1953 - 12 Sep 1958 Aloisia (f) (b. ... - d. 1972)
12 Sep 1958 - 12 Mar 1959 Council of Ministers
12 Mar 1959 - 7 May 2007 Tomasi Kulimoetoke II (b. 1918 - d. 2007)
25 Jul 2008 - 2 Sep 2014 Kapeliele Faupala (b. 1940?)
16 Apr 2016 - Felice Tominiko Halagahu (b. 1958)
17 Apr 2016 - Patalione Kanimoa (b. 1962)
(in opposition, recognized by the administrator-
superior from 3 Jun 2016)
Prime ministers (title kivalu, unless indicated mukoi)
... - 1 Nov 1924 ...
Nov 1924 - 19 Jan 1927 ...
21 Jan 1927 - 26 Jul 1931 Epifano
27 Jul 1931 - 23 May 1933 Sele
23 May 1933 - 1936 ... (mukoi)
1936 - 193. ... (mukoi)
193. - 11 Nov 1940 ...
11 Nov 1940 - 16 Mar 1941 Leone Manikitoga
16 Mar 1941 - Jan 1944 ...
Jan 1944 - Apr 1947 ...
Apr 1947 - 11 Dec 1953 Sagato Taofifenua
11 Dec 1953 - 16 Oct 1957 Tomasi Kulimoetoke (s.a.)
17 Oct 1957 - 10 Mar 1959 Soane Foloka
11 Mar 1959 - 31 Mar 1992 Paino Tu'ugahala (b. 1915 - d. 1992)
9 Apr 1992 - 7 Aug 1993 Patelise Alikiagalelei
8 Aug 1993 - 11 Nov 1996 Vitolio Vaivaikava (b. ... - d. 2002)
12 Nov 1996 - 16 Nov 1998 Setefano Hanisi (1st time) (b. 1960)
17 Nov 1998 - 14 Apr 1999 Mika Hoatau (b. 1939)
6 May 1999 - 22 Dec 2000 Atelemo Taofifenua (b. 1927 - d. 2005)
23 Dec 2000 - 19 Jan 2003 Tisimasi Heafala (b. 1953?)
20 Jan 2003 - 1 Mar 2004 Maie Muliloto
2 Mar 2004 - 2008 Kapeliele Faupala (s.a.)
15 Jun 2005 - ... Clovis Logologofolau (b. 1945)
(in opposition, recognized by the administrator-superior
from late Jul to 26 Sep 2005; continues in exile in Nouméa,
New Caledonia, from late Sep 2005)
2008 - 19 Jun 2009 Emeni Leulagi
19 Jun 2009 - 12 Oct 2011 Tomasi Manuhaapai
12 Oct 2011 - 19 Jan 2014 Setefano Hanisi (2nd time) (s.a.)
19 Jan 2014 - 16 Apr 2016 Akusitino Manakofaiva
16 Apr 2016 - Setefano Hanisi (3rd time)
17 Apr 2016 - Mikaele Halagahu (in opposition) ¹Every king or queen of Wallis took this title at the day of his election since 1858 when Falakika Seilala adopted the name of her predecessor and brother.
16 Feb 1888 the two Futuna kingdoms - Tu`a (also styled Alo) and Sigave
- become French protectorates
c.1800 Lalolalo dynasty founded
Rulers (title Fakavelikele)
... - ... Fakavelikele
... - ... Pili
... - ... Mala'evaoa
... - ... Nimo o le Tano'a
... - ... Veliteki
Rulers (title Tu`i Agaifo)
- Lalolalo or Kolotai dynasty -
*1837 - 1841 Niuliki (b. ... - d. 1841)
1841 - 1844 Musumusu (regent) (b. ... - d. 1846)
1844 - 1862 Filipo Meitala (b. 1826 - d. 1862)
1862 - 18.. Alia Segi
*1887 - 1929 Soane Malia Musulamu
1929 - 1932 Soane Moefana
19.. - 19.. Tuiseka
19.. - 19.. Usanio Pipisega
19.. - 19.. Paloto Aika
19.. - 19.. Savelio Meitala
19.. - 19.. Kamilo Katea
19.. - 19.. Maleselino Maituku
19.. - 19.. Kolio Maituku
19.. - 19.. Papilio Tala'e
19.. - 19.. Lelipo Pipisega
19.. - 19.. Alesio Feta'u
19.. - 19.. Petelo Savo Meitala
19.. - 19.. Soane Va Pipisega
19.. - 19.. Silisio Katea
19.. - 19.. Petelo Tala'e
19.. - 19.. Vito Tuiseka
1954 - 27 Dec 1958 Petelo Maituku (1st time)
29 Dec 1958 - 8 Feb 1960 Setefano Tuikalepa
9 Feb 1960 - 9 Dec 1961 Kamaliele Moefana
28 Dec 1961 - 8 Sep 1962 Pio Tagatamanogi
15 Sep 1962 - 1965 Mikaele Fanene
1965 - 1966 Paino Iva
1966 - 30 May 1970 Seteone Pipisega
1 Jun 1970 - 1 May 1973 Petelo Maituku (2nd time)
10 May 1973 - 17 Apr 1974 Mikaele Katea
20 Apr 1974 - 28 Dec 1976 Patita Savea
11 Jan 1977 - 17 Jul 1978 Kalepo Nau
15 Mar 1979 - 29 Oct 1984 Nopeleto Tuikalepa
20 Nov 1984 - 24 Feb 1990 Petelo Lemo
24 Feb 1990 - 1 Feb 1995 Lomano Musulamu
6 Apr 1995 - 9 Jul 1997 Esipio Takasi
10 Jul 1997 - Oct 2002 Sagato Alofi (b. 1936)
21 Nov 2002 - 19 Feb 2008 Soane Patita Maituku (b. 1947?)
6 Nov 2008 - 22 Jan 2010 Petelo Vikena (b. 1943?)
22 Jan 2010 - 17 Jan 2014 vacant
17 Jan 2014 - 14 May 2016 Petelo Sea (b. 1943?)
7 Jun 2016 - 4 Oct 2018 Filipo Katoa (b. 1955?)
29 Nov 2018 - Lino Leleivai
Prime ministers (title Tiafoi)
... - 1 Jun 1973 Petelo Lemo
1 Jun 1973 - ... Maleko Falematagia
... - 16 Aug 1983 Alefosio Vaitanaki
1 Sep 1983 - ... Visesio Pagatele
*2002* Sosefo Tuiseka
*2006* Lukano Mataele
*2008 - 12 Nov 2016 Atonio Tuiseka
12 Nov 2016 - Jul 2018 Pelenato Falematagia (b. 1942? - d. 2018)
30 Aug 2018 - 19 Dec 2018 Petelo Leleivai
25 Jan 2019 - Petelo Vaitanaki (b. 1960?)
10 Aug 1839 - 1841 occupied by Tu`a
Rulers (called sau, translated by the French as king¹)
... - 10 Aug 1839 Vanae (b. ... - d. 1839)
1842 - 1851 Petelo Keletaona (b. ... - d. 1867)
1851 - 18.. Alefosio Tamole
*1887* Anise Tamole
*1889* Lutotio
18.. - 18.. Savelio Keletaona
18.. - 18.. Mateo Tamole
1897 - ... Toviko Keletaona (1st time)
... - ... Tamasi Tamole
... - ... Toviko Keletaona (2nd time)
... - ... Sui Tamole (1st time)
1917 - 1929 Ligareto Falemaa
1929 - 1932 Keletaona Keletaona
1932 - 19.. Fololiano Sui Tamole
19.. - 19.. Sui Tamole (2nd time)
Mar 1941 - 29 Sep 1949 Amole Keletaona (b. ... - d. 1949)
1949 - 1952 Soane Vanai
1952 - 27 Jun 1955 Pio Keletaona
1955 Sileno Tamole
11 Jul 1955 - 18 Jan 1957 Sakopo Tamole "Pausu"
27 Jan 1957 - 4 Aug 1959 Setefano Lavelua
29 Sep 1959 - 7 Apr 1969 Sileno Tamole "Veu" (b. ... - d. 1969)
31 Jul 1969 - 24 May 1971 Alefosio Keletaona "Vasa"
1 Jun 1971 - 30 Sep 1972 Ilalio Amosala "Golegole" (b. ... - d. 1973)
1 Dec 1972 - 1982 Nasalio Keletaona
4 Aug 1982 - 1 Apr 1987 Sagato Keletaona
1 Apr 1987 - 5 Apr 1990 Sosefo Vanai
10 May 1990 - 26 Oct 1994 Lafaele Malau (b. ... - d. 1999)
26 Oct 1994 - 1997 Soane Patita Sokotaua
26 Sep 1997 - 26 Sep 2003 Pasilio Keletaona (b. 1939?)
10 Mar 2004 - Aug 2009 Visesio Moeliku
3 Jul 2010 - 24 Oct 2014 Polikalepo Kolivai (disputed) (b. 1939?)
5 Mar 2016 - Eufenio Takala (b. 1943?)
Prime ministers (title Kaifakaulu)
19.. - 1971 Sosefo Fulilagi (b. ... - d. 1971)
1 Jun 1971 - 197. Paulo Kuilagi
197. - 1 Sep 1975 Filipo Taufanoa (1st time)
22 Sep 1975 - 19.. Soane Fakailo
19.. - 1 May 1987 Filipo Taufanoa (2nd time)
1 May 1987 - 31 Dec 1989 Mikaele Keletaona
1 Jan 1990 - 199. Aloisio Saliga
*1999 - 2002* Ateliano Keletaona (1st time)
*2006* Lusiano Soko
20.. - Nov 2015 Ateliano Keletaona (2nd time)
Nov 2015 - 2016 Visesio Atufele (b. 1965?)
Oct 2016 - Oct 2018 Falakiko Savelio Saliga (b. 1962)
Jan 2019 - Emiliano Keletaona ¹The title of the rulers depends on the family in which they are chosen; they will thus carry the title of Tamolevai, Keletaona, or Tu`i Sigave. Visesio Moeliku held the title of Tu`i Sigave.
5 Mar 1888 `Uvea and Futuna protectorates united into the
Protectorate of the Wallis and Futuna Islands
10 Jun 1909 abrogation of the 27 Nov 1887 decree (see under `Uvea);
the resident remains subordinated to the governor of
New Caledonia in his capacity as high commissioner in the
Pacific Ocean
30 Jul 1961 overseas territory
28 Mar 2003 overseas collectivité
Residents
7 Apr 1887 - 1 Mar 1892 Maurice Antoine Chauvot
(French representative, chargé de mission,
until 26 Jun 1888)
1 Mar 1892 - 6 Feb 1893 Henri Dodun de Kéroman (1st time) (b. 1837 - d. 1899)
6 Feb 1893 - 1895 Valsi
1895 Henri Dodun de Kéroman (2nd time) (s.a.)
16 Feb 1896 - 1897 Henri Dominique Lefebvre de
Sainte-Marie
Nov?1897 - 27 May 1898 Émile Proche
27 May 1898 - 1901 Étienne Ponge
20 Nov 1902 - Apr 1904 Édouard Chaffaud
1 Dec 1905 - 31 Aug 1909 Maxime Viala (b. 1875 - d. 1959)
31 Aug 1909 - 1 Apr 1911 Victor Brochard (1st time) (b. 1876 - d. 19...)
22 Apr 1911 - 26 Mar 1912 Louis Bouge (interim) (b. 1878 - d. 1960)
Apr 1912 - Jan 1914 Victor Brochard (2nd time) (s.a.)
Jan 1914 Jacques Joubert (interim)
20 Jan 1914 - Jun 1916 Édouard Magnin
Jun 1916 - Dec 1921 Georges Mallet
29 Dec 1921 - 22 Apr 1924 Gaston Bécu (b. 18... - d. 1945)
12 Nov 1924 - 29 Mar 1928 Georges Barbier (b. 1890 - d. 1956)
25 May 1928 - 31 May 1931 Jean Marchat (b. 1897 - d. 1949)
31 May 1931 - 7 Jun 1933 Georges Renaud
7 Jun 1933 - 16 Sep 1933 Alexis Bernast (interim) (b. 1895 - d. 1978)
16 Sep 1933 - 4 Jan 1938 Joseph Jean David (b. 1902 - d. 1969)
4 Jan 1938 - 4 Jul 1940 Eugène Auguste Lamy
4 Jul 1940 - 31 May 1942 Léon Émile Marie Prosper Jacques
Vrignaud (b. 1904 - d. 1979)
(subordinated himself to Jean Decoux, Vichyist
governor-general of French Indochina, from Sep 1940
instead of the Free French governor of New Caledonia)
1 Jun 1942 - 7 Dec 1944 Jean-Baptiste Mattéi (b. 1898 - d. 1980)
7 Dec 1944 - 21 Oct 1946 Robert Charbonnier
22 Oct 1946 - 26 Jan 1947 Pierre Robert Jean Marie Fargis
27 Jan 1947 - 31 Dec 1948 Marcel Alexandre Étienne Chomet (b. 1905 - d. 1981)
1 Jan 1949 - 25 Sep 1951 Michel Cresson
26 Sep 1951 - 11 Jul 1953 Jean-Flavien Folie, dit Desjardins (b. 1899 - d. 1980)
11 Jul 1953 - 24 Jan 1955 Charles André (b. 1920 - d. 2002)
25 Jan 1955 - 4 Nov 1956 Bernard Heintz (b. 1915 - d. 1972)
5 Nov 1956 - 2 Aug 1958 Maurice Antoine Rougetet (b. 1893 - d. 1977)
3 Aug 1958 - 9 Jul 1961 Pierre Fauché (b. 1913 - d. 1996)
10 Jul 1961 - 7 Oct 1961 Jacques Herry (interim) (b. 1922 - d. 2010)
Administrators-superior
7 Oct 1961 - 21 Mar 1962 Jean Périé (b. 1912 - d. 1997)
21 Mar 1962 - 13 Aug 1962 Jacques Herry (interim) (s.a.)
13 Aug 1962 - 28 Jan 1964 Jean Bertrand (b. 1921 - d. 2005)
11 Mar 1964 - 20 Apr 1966 André Duc-Dufayard (b. 1908 - d. 1987)
20 Apr 1966 - 19 Jul 1968 Fernand Lamodière (b. 1919 - d. 2000)
(acting to 26 Jul 1966)
30 Jul 1968 - 25 Mar 1971 Jacques Bach (b. 1927 - d. 2016)
25 Mar 1971 - 26 Aug 1972 Guy Boileau (b. 1925 - d. 1992)
19 Oct 1972 - 25 Nov 1974 Jacques de Agostini (b. 1929)
22 Mar 1975 - 29 Oct 1976 Yves Arbellot-Repaire (b. 1926 - d. 2016)
6 Nov 1976 - 2 May 1979 Henri Beaux (b. 1922 - d. 2006)
11 Jul 1979 - 24 Dec 1980 Pierre Isaac (b. 1927 - d. 2012)
31 Dec 1980 - 17 Dec 1983 Robert Thil (b. 1924 - d. 2012)
25 Jan 1984 - 11 Apr 1985 Michel Kuhnmunch (b. 1921 - d. 1999)
3 Dec 1985 - 17 Apr 1986 Bernard Lesterlin (b. 1949)
15 Jul 1986 - 13 Sep 1987 Jacques Le Hénaff (b. 1932)
17 Nov 1987 - 1 Sep 1988 Gérard Lambotte (b. 1936)
6 Sep 1988 - 30 Aug 1990 Roger Dumec (b. 1930)
25 Oct 1990 - 5 Feb 1993 Robert Pommies (b. 1941)
15 Mar 1993 - 26 Jul 1994 Philippe Legrix (b. 1938)
7 Aug 1994 - 20 Feb 1996 Léon Alexandre Legrand (b. 1933)
27 Feb 1996 - 19 Nov 1998 Claude Pierret (b. 1939)
23 Nov 1998 - 25 May 2000 Christian Dors (b. 1954)
26 Jul 2000 - 3 Sep 2002 Alain Waquet (b. 1949)
17 Sep 2002 - 18 Jan 2005 Christian Job (b. 1943)
18 Jan 2005 - Aug 2006 Xavier de Furst (b. 1948)
14 Aug 2006 - Aug 2008 Richard Didier (b. 1961)
8 Sep 2008 - 28 Jun 2010 Philippe Paolantoni (b. 1952)
12 Jul 2010 - 30 Mar 2013 Michel Jeanjean (b. 1951)
30 Mar 2013 - Jan 2015 Michel Aubouin (b. 1956)
26 Jan 2015 - 24 Feb 2017 Marcel Renouf (b. 1953)
27 Feb 2017 - 28 Dec 2018 Jean-Francis Treffel (b. 1955)
28 Dec 2018 - 10 Jan 2019 Christophe Lotigié (1st time) (b. 1962)
(acting)
10 Jan 2019 - 21 Dec 2020 Thierry Queffelec (b. 1962)
21 Dec 2020 - 11 Jan 2021 Christophe Lotigié (2nd time) (s.a.)
(acting)
11 Jan 2021 - Aug 2023 Hervé Jonathan (b. 1961)
21 Aug 2023 - Blaise Gourtay (b. 1970)
Presidents of the Territorial Assembly
1962 - 1967 Paino Tu'ugahala (b. 1915 - d. 1992)
1967 - 1971 Sosefo Makape Papilio (b. 1928 - d. 1998)
1972 - 1975 Mikaele Folaumahina
1975 - 1977 Soane Patita Lakina
1977 - 1978 Pasilio Tui (1st time) (b. 1942)
1978 - 1984 Manuele Lisiahi (1st time)
1984 - 1986 Falakiko Gata (1st time) (b. ... - d. 2011)
1986 - 1987 Petelo Takatai
1987 Keleto Lakalaka (1st time) (b. ... - d. 2012)
1987 - 1988 Falakiko Gata (2nd time) (s.a.)
1988 - 1989 Manuele Lisiahi (2nd time)
1989 - 1990 Pasilio Tui (2nd time) (s.a.)
1990 - Mar 1992 Clovis Logologofolau (b. 1945)
Mar 1992 - Dec 1993 Soane Uhila (1st time) (b. 1959 - d. 2008)
Dec 1993 - 1996 Mikaele Tauhavili
1996 - 1997 Keleto Lakalaka (2nd time) (s.a.)
1997 - 1999 Victor Brial (1st time) (b. 1966)
1999 - Jan 2001 Soane Uhila (2nd time) (s.a.)
Jan 2001 - 21 Feb 2005 Patalione Kanimoa (b. 1962)
21 Feb 2005 - 23 Nov 2005 Albert Likuvalu (b. 1943)
23 Nov 2005 - Apr 2007 Emeni Simete (b. 1958)
Apr 2007 - 11 Dec 2007 Pesamino Taputai (1st time) (b. 1949)
11 Dec 2007 - 2010 Victor Brial (2nd time) (s.a.)
2010 - 2011 Siliako Lauhea (b. 1950)
2011 - 4 Apr 2012 Pesamino Taputai (2nd time) (s.a.)
4 Apr 2012 - 28 Nov 2012 Vetelino Nau
28 Nov 2012 - 1 Apr 2013 Sosefo Suve
1 Apr 2013 - 11 Dec 2013 Nivaleta Iloai (f) (1st time)
11 Dec 2013 - 26 Nov 2014 Petelo Hanisi
26 Nov 2014 - 4 Apr 2017 Mikaele Kulimoetoke
4 Apr 2017 - 29 Nov 2019 David Vergé (b. 1972)
29 Nov 2019 - 26 Nov 2020 Atoloto Kolokilagi
26 Nov 2020 - 25 Mar 2022 Nivaleta Iloai (f) (2nd time)
25 Mar 2022 - Munipoese Muli'aka'aka (b. 1973?)
1860 Morocco cedes Western Sahara to Spain
3 Nov 1884 Spain occupies Río de Oro
26 Dec 1884 Spanish protectorate officially declared
20 Jul 1946 united with Ifni as Spanish West Africa
12 Jan 1958 overseas province (Spanish Sahara)
26 Feb 1976 partitioned between Morocco and Mauritania
27 Feb 1976 Saharan Arab Democratic Republic¹ proclaimed by Polisario
Front
11 Aug 1979 Mauritanian part of the territory annexed by Morocco
Royal commissioner
10 Jul 1885 - 16 Jun 1886 Emilio Bonelli Hernando (b. 1855 - d. 1926)
Subgovernors
1886 - c.1902 Emilio Bonelli Hernando (s.a.)
1902 - 1 Dec 1903 Ángel Villalobos
Governors
1 Dec 1903 - 7 Nov 1925 Francisco Bens Argandoña (b. 1867 - d. 1949)
7 Nov 1925 - 19 Jun 1932 Guillermo de la Peña Cusi
19 Jun 1932 - 30 Aug 1933 Eduardo Cañizares Navarro
30 Aug 1933 - 1 Jul 1934 José González Deleito (b. ... - d. 1959)
1 Jul 1934 - 4 May 1936 Benigno Martínez Portillo (b. ... - d. 1936)
4 May 1936 - 7 Aug 1936 Carlos Pedemonte Sabin
7 Aug 1936 - 12 Mar 1937 Rafael Gallego Sainz
12 Mar 1937 - 31 May 1940 Antonio de Oro Pulido (b. ... - d. 1940)
31 May 1940 - 17 Aug 1949 José Bermejo López (b. 1894 - d. 1971)
17 Aug 1949 - 29 Mar 1952 Francisco Rosaleny Burguet
29 Mar 1952 - 26 Feb 1954 Venancio Tutor Gil (b. 1895 - d. 1959)
26 Feb 1954 - 23 May 1957 Ramón Pardo de Santayana Suárez (b. ... - d. 1967)
23 May 1957 - 10 Jan 1958 Mariano Gómez Zamalloa y Quirce (b. 1897 - d. 1973)
Governors-general
10 Jan 1958 - 22 Jul 1958 José Héctor Vázquez (b. 1903 - d. 1977)
27 Jul 1958 - 6 Oct 1961 Mariano Alonso Alonso (b. 1899 - d. 1974)
13 Oct 1961 - 21 Feb 1964 Pedro Latorre Alcubierre (b. 1900 - d. 1995)
6 Mar 1964 - 5 Nov 1965 Joaquín Agulla Jiménez-Coronado (b. 1902 - d. 1971)
5 Nov 1965 - 26 Nov 1965 Adolfo Artalejo Campos (b. 1905 - d. 1965)
5 Dec 1965 - 2 Feb 1967 Ángel Enríquez Larrondo (b. 1905 - d. 1997)
18 Feb 1967 - 4 Mar 1971 José María Pérez de Lema Tejero (b. 1908 - d. 1984)
4 Mar 1971 - 6 Jun 1974 Fernando de Santiago y Díaz de
Mendivil (b. 1910 - d. 1994)
6 Jun 1974 - 6 Feb 1976 Federico Gómez de Salazar (b. 1912 - d. 2006)
6 Feb 1976 - 26 Feb 1976 Rafael de Valdés Iglesias (b. 1923? - d. 1995)
(Spanish representative in transitional administration)
Chairmen of the Revolutionary Council
29 Feb 1976 - 9 Jun 1976 El Wali Mustafa Sayed (b. 1947? - d. 1976)
10 Jun 1976 - 30 Aug 1976 Mahfoud Ali Beiba (acting) (b. 1953 - d. 2010)
Chairman of the Revolutionary Command Council
30 Aug 1976 - 16 Oct 1982 Mohamed Abdelaziz (b. 1947 - d. 2016)
Presidents
16 Oct 1982 - 31 May 2016 Mohamed Abdelaziz (s.a.)
31 May 2016 - 12 Jul 2016 Khatri Addouh (acting)
12 Jul 2016 - Ibrahim Ghali (b. 1949)
Prime ministers
5 Mar 1976 - 4 Nov 1982 Mohamed Lamine Ould Ahmed
(1st time) (b. 1948)
4 Nov 1982 - 18 Dec 1985 Mahfoud Ali Beiba (1st time) (s.a.)
18 Dec 1985 - 16 Aug 1988 Mohamed Lamine Ould Ahmed
(2nd time) (s.a.)
16 Aug 1988 - 18 Sep 1993 Mahfoud Ali Beiba (2nd time) (s.a.)
19 Sep 1993 - 8 Sep 1995 Bouchraya Beyoun (1st time)
8 Sep 1995 - 10 Feb 1999 Mahfoud Ali Beiba (3rd time) (s.a.)
10 Feb 1999 - 29 Oct 2003 Bouchraya Beyoun (2nd time)
29 Oct 2003 - 4 Feb 2018 Abdelkader Taleb Omar
4 Feb 2018 - 13 Jan 2020 Mohamed Wali Akeik (b. 1950)
13 Jan 2020 - Bouchraya Beyoun (3rd time) ¹The SADR is currently recognized by about 50 countries. Morocco retains de facto control over most of the territory.