The possibilities for the extension of spectroscopy to two dimensions are discussed. Applications to nuclear magnetic resonance are described. The basic theory of two‐dimensional spectroscopy is developed. Numerous possible applications are mentioned and some of them treated in detail, including the elucidation of energy level diagrams, the observation of multiple quantum transitions, and the recording of high‐resolution spectra in inhomogenous magnetic fields. Experimental results are presented for some simple spin systems.
REFERENCES
1.
S. Goldman, Information Theory (Dover, New York, 1968);
B. M. Brown, The Mathematical Theory of Linear Systems (Science, New York, 1965).
2.
P. B. Fellgett (Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1951);
R. J. Bell, Introductory Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (Academic, New York, 1972).
3.
R. R.
Ernst
and
W. A.
Anderson
,
Rev. Sci. Instrum.
37
,
93
(
1966
);
T. C. Farrar and E. D. Becker, Pulse and Fourier Transform NMR (Academic, New York, 1971).
4.
D. Ziessow, On‐line Rechner in der Chemie (de Gruyter, Berlin, 1973).
5.
A. Abragam, The Principles of Nuclear Magnetism (Oxford, University, New York, 1961), Chap. XII.
6.
7.
8.
9.
R.
Freeman
and
W. A.
Anderson
,
J. Chem. Phys.
37
,
2053
(
1962
).
10.
11.
12.
13.
R. L.
Vold
,
J. S.
Waugh
,
M. P.
Klein
, and
D. E.
Phelps
,
J. Chem. Phys.
48
,
3831
(
1968
);
R.
Freeman
and
H. D. W.
Hill
,
J. Chem. Phys.
54
,
3367
(
1971
).
14.
15.
16.
J. Jeener and G. Alewaeters (private communication).
17.
18.
E. Bartholdi, A. Wokaun, and R. R. Ernst (to be published).
19.
20.
S. Schäublin, A. Wokaun, and R. R. Ernst (to be published).
21.
L.
Müller
,
A.
Kumar
, and
R. R.
Ernst
,
J. Chem. Phys.
63
,
5490
(
1975
).
22.
A.
Pines
,
M. G.
Gibby
, and
J. S.
Waugh
,
J. Chem. Phys.
59
,
569
(
1973
).
23.
L.
Müller
,
A.
Kumar
,
T.
Baumann
, and
R. R.
Ernst
,
Phys. Rev. Lett.
32
,
1402
(
1974
);
R. K.
Hester
,
J. L.
Ackerman
,
V. R.
Gross
, and
J. S.
Waugh
,
Phys. Rev. Lett.
34
,
993
(
1975
).
24.
J. S. Waugh (private communication).
25.
Superoperators (also called Liouville operators), are indicated by ̂̂ see
C. N.
Banwell
and
H.
Primas
,
Mol. Phys.
6
,
225
(
1963
).
26.
27.
P. L. Corio, Structures of High‐Resolution NMR Spectra (Academic, New York, 1966).
28.
29.
30.
31.
The notion “zero quantum transition” is not strictly correct. These transitions are also double quantum transition, one quantum being absorbed and one being emitted.
32.
33.
This content is only available via PDF.
© 1976 American Institute of Physics.
1976
American Institute of Physics
You do not currently have access to this content.
