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Fisherian and Wrightian theories of speciation

Publication: Genome
January 1989

Abstract

Fisher's theory of sexual selection, Wright's shifting-balance theory, and recent models based on them are reviewed as mechanisms of animal speciation. The joint evolution of mating preferences and secondary sexual characters can cause rapid nonadaptive phenotypic divergence and premating isolation between geographically separated populations, or along a cline. Extensive comparative data on Drosophila species support the suggestion of R. A. Fisher and T. Dobzhansky that the evolution of mating preferences can reinforce partial postmating isolation between sympatric populations. The interaction of natural selection and random genetic drift in local populations with a small effective size can produce a rapid transition between relatively stable phenotypes separated by an adaptive valley, or between chromosomal rearrangements with a heterozygote disadvantage. Large demographic fluctuations, such as frequent random local extinction and colonization, are required for the rapid spread of new adaptations (or karyotypes) when intermediate phenotypes (or rearrangement heterozygotes) are selected against.Key words: reproductive isolation, hybridization, sexual selection, reinforcement, subdivided population, shifting balance, adaptive landscape, random genetic drift.

Résumé

La théorie de Fisher sur la sélection sexuelle, celle de Wright sur le déplacement de l'équilibre et les récents modèles basés sur ces théories sont examinés en tant que mécanismes de spéciation chez les animaux. L'évolution conjointe des préférences d'accouplement et des caractères sexuels secondaires peut être à l'origine de divergences phénotypiques rapides de non-adaptation et d'une isolation antérieure à l'accouplement entre des populations séparées sur le plan géographique ou séparées le long d'un gradient. Des données comparables, extensives, sur les espèces de Drosophila appuient la suggestion de R. A. Fisher et de T. Dobzhansky que l'évolution des préférences d'accouplement peut renforcer l'isolation partielle post-fécondation dans des populations sympatriques. L'interaction de la sélection naturelle et de la dérivation génétique casualisée dans les populations locales de faible dimension d'effectif peut produire une transition rapide entre des phénotypes relativement stables, séparés par une vallée favorisant l'adaptation, ou entre des réarrangements chromosomiques avec un désavantage hétérozygote. De grandes fluctuations démographiques, comme de fréquentes extinctions et colonisations locales casualisées, sont requises pour la propagation rapide de nouvelles adaptations (ou caryotypes), lorsque la sélection se fait à rencontre des phénotypes intermédiaires ou des réarrangements hétérozygotes. Mots clés : isolation de la reproduction, hybridation, sélection sexuelle, renforcement, population sous-divisée, déplacement de l'équilibre, paysages favorables à l'adaptation, dirévation génétique casualisé.[Traduit par la revue]

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cover image Genome
Genome
Volume 31Number 1January 1989
Pages: 221 - 227

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Version of record online: 15 February 2011

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Cited by

1. Evolution of advertisement calls in an island radiation of African reed frogs
2. Chromosomal polymorphism in mammals: an evolutionary perspective
3. Population genetic structure and a possible role for selection in driving phenotypic divergence in a rainbowfish (Melanotaeniidae)
4. Starvation-Induced Reproductive Isolation in Yeast
5. Genomic linkage of male song and female acoustic preference QTL underlying a rapid species radiation
6. Speciation accelerated and stabilized by pleiotropic major histocompatibility complex immunogenes
7. Sampling genetic diversity in the sympatrically and allopatrically speciating Midas cichlid species complex over a 16 year time series
8. QTL analysis of a rapidly evolving speciation phenotype in the Hawaiian cricket Laupala
9. PERSPECTIVE: A CRITIQUE OF SEWALL WRIGHT'S SHIFTING BALANCE THEORY OF EVOLUTION
10. THE PROBABILITY OF FIXATION OF A NEW KARYOTYPE IN A CONTINUOUS POPULATION
11. On the Evolution of Reproductive Isolation and the Origin of Species

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