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First published online December 28, 2012

The Rise and Decline of an Open Collaboration System: How Wikipedia’s Reaction to Popularity Is Causing Its Decline

Aaron Halfaker, R. Stuart Geiger, Jonathan T. Morgan, and John RiedlView all authors and affiliations
Volume 57, Issue 5
https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764212469365

Abstract

Open collaboration systems, such as Wikipedia, need to maintain a pool of volunteer contributors to remain relevant. Wikipedia was created through a tremendous number of contributions by millions of contributors. However, recent research has shown that the number of active contributors in Wikipedia has been declining steadily for years and suggests that a sharp decline in the retention of newcomers is the cause. This article presents data that show how several changes the Wikipedia community made to manage quality and consistency in the face of a massive growth in participation have ironically crippled the very growth they were designed to manage. Specifically, the restrictiveness of the encyclopedia’s primary quality control mechanism and the algorithmic tools used to reject contributions are implicated as key causes of decreased newcomer retention. Furthermore, the community’s formal mechanisms for norm articulation are shown to have calcified against changes—especially changes proposed by newer editors.

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Biographies

Aaron Halfaker is a computer science PhD candidate working in the GroupLens research lab at the University of Minnesota. He studies online communities using data mining, statistical modeling, and experimentation to identify the “moving parts” of social interaction and collaboration. He sees social production systems as living (and sometimes dying) complex organisms that people could affect (grow, optimize, or adapt) if they understood them better.
R. Stuart Geiger is a doctoral student in the School of Information at the University of California, Berkeley. A computational ethnographer, he studies how social organization is made possible in distributed and decentralized organizations. His research currently focuses on the social roles of software in the operation and administration of Wikipedia and scientific research networks.
Jonathan T. Morgan is a PhD candidate at the University of Washington’s Department of Human Centered Design and Engineering and a research strategist with the Wikimedia Foundation, where he works on new editor engagement projects and data analytics. His research explores the way people interact when they are working together on complex, creative tasks online and the development of tools to support them in their work.
John Riedl is a professor of computer science at the University of Minnesota, where he has been a faculty member since 1990. In 1992, he cofounded the GroupLens project on recommender systems and has been codirecting it since. He also cofounded Net Perceptions, the leading recommender systems company during the first Internet boom. GroupLens has been deeply involved in understanding how intelligent user interfaces can help online communities work and play together better. He has been named a Fellow of the ACM and IEEE and is founding coeditor in chief of the ACM Transactions on Interactive Intelligent Systems journal. He has coauthored Best Paper winners at the IUI, WikiSym (twice), CSCW, and Data Engineering conferences. He has also received the MIT Sloan School Award for Innovation in E-Commerce, the Computer Science Teaching Award (four times), and the George Taylor Award for Exceptional Contributions to Teaching. He has authored more than 100 publications, including one book and many papers.

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Published In

Volume 57, Issue 5
Pages: 664 - 688
Article first published online: December 28, 2012
Issue published: May 2013

Keywords

  1. Peer production
  2. governance
  3. quality control
  4. retention
  5. Wikipedia

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© 2012 SAGE Publications.
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Authors

Affiliations

Aaron Halfaker
University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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R. Stuart Geiger
University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
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Jonathan T. Morgan
University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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John Riedl
University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Notes

Aaron Halfaker, University of Minnesota, 200 Union St SE, Keller Hall 4-192A, Minneapolis, MN 55455. Email: [email protected]

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