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Therapeutic potential of herbal medicine for the management of hyperlipidemia: latest updates

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Abstract

Hyperlipidemia, the most common form of dyslipidemia, is the main source of cardiovascular disorders, characterized by elevated level of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in peripheral blood. It is caused by a defect in lipid metabolism in the surface of Apoprotein C-II or a defect in lipoprotein lipase activity as well as reported in genetic, dietary and environmental factors. Several electronic databases were investigated as information sources, including Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, Semantic Scholar, MEDLINE and CNKI Scholar. The current review focused on the risk factors of dyslipidemia, synthetic medication with their side effects and different types of medicinal plants having significant potential for the management of hyperlipidemia. The management of hyperlipidemia mostly involves a constant decrease in lipid level using different remedial drugs like statin, fibrate, bile acid sequestrates and niacin. However, this extensive review suggested that the consequences of these drugs are arguable, due to their numerous adverse effects. The selected parts of herb plants are used intact or their extracts containing active phytoconstituents to regulate the lipids in blood level. It was also noted that the Chinese herbal medicine and combination therapy is promising for the lowering of hyperlipidemia. This review intends to provide a scientific base for future endeavors, such as in-depth biological and chemical investigations into previously researched topics.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are very much thankful to the Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Pakistan and the Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Bangladesh, for research facilities and other logistic supports.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Anbar, 23430, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

    Abdur Rauf

  2. Department of Eastern Medicine, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan

    Muhammad Akram & Hina Anwar

  3. TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation and Development International Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China

    Muhammad Daniyal

  4. Department of Biochemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan

    Naveed Munir

  5. Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, P.O. Box 42, Makkah, Saudi Arabia

    Sami Bawazeer & Saud Bawazeer

  6. V. M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation

    Maksim Rebezov

  7. Prokhorov General Physics Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation

    Maksim Rebezov

  8. K.G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of Technologies and Management (the First Cossack University), Moscow, Russian Federation

    Maksim Rebezov, Mohammad Ali Shariati & Sergey Hodak

  9. Laboratory of Human Pathology Biology, Faculty of Sciences, and Genomic Center of Human Pathology, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco

    Abdelhakim Bouyahya

  10. Department of Applied Bioscience, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea

    Muthu Thiruvengadam

  11. Eurasian Technological University, Almaty, Kazakhstan

    Orynzhamal Sarsembenova

  12. Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia

    Yahia N. Mabkhot

  13. Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong, 4318, Bangladesh

    Mohammad Nazmul Islam

  14. Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong, 4381, Bangladesh

    Talha Bin Emran

  15. Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Campus, Konya, Turkey

    Gokhan Zengin

  16. Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, 23200, Pakistan

    Haroon Khan

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  1. Abdur Rauf
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  2. Muhammad Akram
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Contributions

AR, MA, HA, MNI, MD, NM, SB and SBA conceptualized, planned and designed the research; AR, MR, AB, MAS, MT and OS arranged the whole facilities for the research and supervised the whole research. YNM, MNI, TBE, SH, GZ and HK participated in the manuscript draft. AR, MNI, GZ and HK have thoroughly checked and revised the manuscript for changes in format, grammar, review—editing and English standards. All authors read and agreed on the final version of the manuscript.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Abdur Rauf or Gokhan Zengin.

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Rauf, A., Akram, M., Anwar, H. et al. Therapeutic potential of herbal medicine for the management of hyperlipidemia: latest updates. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 40281–40301 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-19733-7

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