Bioreductively Activatable Prodrug Conjugates of Combretastatin A-1 and Combretastatin A-4 as Anticancer Agents Targeted toward Tumor-Associated Hypoxia
- Blake A. Winn
Blake A. WinnDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, Texas 76798-7348, United StatesMore by Blake A. Winn
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- Laxman Devkota
Laxman DevkotaDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, Texas 76798-7348, United StatesMore by Laxman Devkota
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- Bunnarack Kuch
Bunnarack KuchDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, Texas 76798-7348, United StatesMore by Bunnarack Kuch
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- Matthew T. MacDonough
Matthew T. MacDonoughDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, Texas 76798-7348, United StatesMore by Matthew T. MacDonough
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- Tracy E. Strecker
Tracy E. StreckerDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, Texas 76798-7348, United StatesMore by Tracy E. Strecker
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- Yifan Wang
Yifan WangDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, Texas 76798-7348, United StatesMore by Yifan Wang
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- Zhe Shi
Zhe ShiDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, Texas 76798-7348, United StatesMore by Zhe Shi
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- Jeni L. Gerberich
Jeni L. GerberichPredictive Imaging Research Laboratory, Department of Radiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390-9058, United StatesMore by Jeni L. Gerberich
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- Deboprosad Mondal
Deboprosad MondalDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, Texas 76798-7348, United StatesMore by Deboprosad Mondal
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- Alejandro J. Ramirez
Alejandro J. RamirezMass Spectrometry Center, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97046, Waco, Texas 76798-7046, United StatesMore by Alejandro J. Ramirez
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- Ernest Hamel
Ernest HamelScreening Technologies Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United StatesMore by Ernest Hamel
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- David J. Chaplin
David J. ChaplinDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, Texas 76798-7348, United StatesFast Biopharma Ltd., 10 Aston Park, Aston Rowant, OX49 5SW, United KingdomMore by David J. Chaplin
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- Peter Davis
Peter DavisFast Biopharma Ltd., 10 Aston Park, Aston Rowant, OX49 5SW, United KingdomMore by Peter Davis
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- Ralph P. Mason
Ralph P. MasonPredictive Imaging Research Laboratory, Department of Radiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390-9058, United StatesMore by Ralph P. Mason
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- Mary Lynn Trawick*
Mary Lynn TrawickDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, Texas 76798-7348, United StatesMore by Mary Lynn Trawick
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- Kevin G. Pinney*
Kevin G. PinneyDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, Texas 76798-7348, United StatesMore by Kevin G. Pinney
Abstract
The natural products combretastatin A-1 (CA1) and combretastatin A-4 (CA4) function as potent inhibitors of tubulin polymerization and as selective vascular disrupting agents (VDAs) in tumors. Bioreductively activatable prodrug conjugates (BAPCs) can enhance selectivity by serving as substrates for reductase enzymes specifically in hypoxic regions of tumors. A series of CA1-BAPCs incorporating nor-methyl, mono-methyl, and gem-dimethyl nitrothiophene triggers were synthesized together with corresponding CA4-BAPCs, previously reported by Davis (Mol. Cancer Ther.2006, 5 (11), 2886), for comparison. The CA4-gem-dimethylnitrothiophene BAPC 45 proved exemplary in comparison to its nor-methyl 43 and mono-methyl 44 congeners. It was stable in phosphate buffer (pH 7.4, 24 h), was cleaved (25%, 90 min) by NADPH-cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (POR), was inactive (desirable prodrug attribute) as an inhibitor of tubulin polymerization (IC50 > 20 μM), and demonstrated hypoxia-selective activation in the A549 cell line [hypoxia cytotoxicity ratio (HCR) = 41.5]. The related CA1-gem-dimethylnitrothiophene BAPC 41 was also promising (HCR = 12.5) with complete cleavage (90 min) upon treatment with POR. In a preliminary in vivo dynamic bioluminescence imaging study, BAPC 45 (180 mg/kg, ip) induced a decrease (within 4 h) in light emission in a 4T1 syngeneic mouse breast tumor model, implying activation and vascular disruption.
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