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Bioreductively Activatable Prodrug Conjugates of Combretastatin A-1 and Combretastatin A-4 as Anticancer Agents Targeted toward Tumor-Associated Hypoxia

  • Blake A. Winn
    Blake A. Winn
    Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, Texas 76798-7348, United States
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  • Laxman Devkota
    Laxman Devkota
    Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, Texas 76798-7348, United States
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  • Bunnarack Kuch
    Bunnarack Kuch
    Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, Texas 76798-7348, United States
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  • Matthew T. MacDonough
    Matthew T. MacDonough
    Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, Texas 76798-7348, United States
  • Tracy E. Strecker
    Tracy E. Strecker
    Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, Texas 76798-7348, United States
  • Yifan Wang
    Yifan Wang
    Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, Texas 76798-7348, United States
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  • Zhe Shi
    Zhe Shi
    Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, Texas 76798-7348, United States
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  • Jeni L. Gerberich
    Jeni L. Gerberich
    Predictive Imaging Research Laboratory, Department of Radiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390-9058, United States
  • Deboprosad Mondal
    Deboprosad Mondal
    Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, Texas 76798-7348, United States
  • Alejandro J. Ramirez
    Alejandro J. Ramirez
    Mass Spectrometry Center, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97046, Waco, Texas 76798-7046, United States
  • Ernest Hamel
    Ernest Hamel
    Screening Technologies Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
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  • David J. Chaplin
    David J. Chaplin
    Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, Texas 76798-7348, United States
    Fast Biopharma Ltd., 10 Aston Park, Aston Rowant, OX49 5SW, United Kingdom
  • Peter Davis
    Peter Davis
    Fast Biopharma Ltd., 10 Aston Park, Aston Rowant, OX49 5SW, United Kingdom
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  • Ralph P. Mason
    Ralph P. Mason
    Predictive Imaging Research Laboratory, Department of Radiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390-9058, United States
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  • Mary Lynn Trawick*
    Mary Lynn Trawick
    Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, Texas 76798-7348, United States
    *Tel: (254) 710-6857. Fax: (254) 710-4272. E-mail: [email protected]
  • , and 
  • Kevin G. Pinney*
    Kevin G. Pinney
    Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, Texas 76798-7348, United States
    *Tel: (254) 710-4117. Fax: (254) 710-4272. E-mail: [email protected]
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Cite this: J. Nat. Prod. 2020, 83, 4, 937–954
Publication Date (Web):March 20, 2020
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b00773
Copyright © 2020 American Chemical Society and American Society of Pharmacognosy

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    Abstract

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    The natural products combretastatin A-1 (CA1) and combretastatin A-4 (CA4) function as potent inhibitors of tubulin polymerization and as selective vascular disrupting agents (VDAs) in tumors. Bioreductively activatable prodrug conjugates (BAPCs) can enhance selectivity by serving as substrates for reductase enzymes specifically in hypoxic regions of tumors. A series of CA1-BAPCs incorporating nor-methyl, mono-methyl, and gem-dimethyl nitrothiophene triggers were synthesized together with corresponding CA4-BAPCs, previously reported by Davis (Mol. Cancer Ther.2006, 5 (11), 2886), for comparison. The CA4-gem-dimethylnitrothiophene BAPC 45 proved exemplary in comparison to its nor-methyl 43 and mono-methyl 44 congeners. It was stable in phosphate buffer (pH 7.4, 24 h), was cleaved (25%, 90 min) by NADPH-cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (POR), was inactive (desirable prodrug attribute) as an inhibitor of tubulin polymerization (IC50 > 20 μM), and demonstrated hypoxia-selective activation in the A549 cell line [hypoxia cytotoxicity ratio (HCR) = 41.5]. The related CA1-gem-dimethylnitrothiophene BAPC 41 was also promising (HCR = 12.5) with complete cleavage (90 min) upon treatment with POR. In a preliminary in vivo dynamic bioluminescence imaging study, BAPC 45 (180 mg/kg, ip) induced a decrease (within 4 h) in light emission in a 4T1 syngeneic mouse breast tumor model, implying activation and vascular disruption.

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    The Supporting Information is available free of charge at https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b00773.

    • 1H NMR and 13C NMR data for compounds 27, 1013, 1517, 1931, 3341, 4345; HRMS and HPLC data for compounds 2126, 29, 3541, 4345; X-ray crystallography data for compound 45; details regarding the synthesis of bioreductive triggers 16, 17, 19; NADPH-cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase cleavage assay HPLC traces; NOE analysis for compounds 37, 38, 41; details regarding a preliminary PK study; cytotoxicity data; and additional histology associated with BAPC 45. (PDF)

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    Cited By

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    6. Alessandra Ammazzalorso, Trond Vidar Hansen. Combretastatin Derivatives as Tubulin Inhibitors: A Fascinating Journey from Nature to Drug Discovery Strategies. 2022, 112-144. https://doi.org/10.2174/9789815079098122010007
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