Effects of a School-Based Social-Emotional and Character Development Program on Self-Esteem Levels and Processes: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial
Abstract
Self-Esteem
Self-Esteem Interventions
The Present Study
Method
Participants
Program Description
Measures
Self-esteem
Processes for self-esteem formation and maintenance
Analysis
Supplementary Analyses
Results
Variables | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. Peer self-esteem | — | .63 | .59 | .49 | .43 | .64 | .51 | −.23 |
2. School self-esteem | .54 | — | .56 | .36 | .42 | .52 | .49 | −.13 |
3. Family self-esteem | .56 | .50 | — | .46 | .36 | .60 | .51 | −.19 |
4. Appearance self-esteem | .40 | .44 | .39 | — | .51 | .72 | .39 | −.25 |
5. Sports self-esteem | .46 | .43 | .46 | .36 | — | .46 | .39 | −.12 |
6. Global self-esteem | .42 | .40 | .44 | .59 | .33 | — | .53 | −.40 |
7. Adaptive self-esteem | .53 | .44 | .48 | .33 | .43 | .39 | — | −.14 |
8. Maladaptive self-esteem | .12 | .00ns | .03ns | −.15 | .10 | −.27 | .11 | — |
Scale | Intercept B (SE)a | Condition (SE) | Time (SE) | Condition × Time (SE) | Time2 (SE) | Condition × Time2 (SE) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Peer self-esteem | 3.75 (0.06) | −0.10 (0.08) | −0.09 (0.01)*** | 0.04 (0.02)* | N/A | N/A |
School self-esteem | 4.04 (0.06) | −0.06 (0.08) | −0.27 (0.03)*** | 0.04 (0.02)** | 0.02 (0.01)*** | N/A |
Family self-esteem | 4.12 (0.06) | 0.04 (0.08) | −0.13 (0.01)*** | 0.00 (0.02) | N/A | N/A |
Appearance self-esteem | 3.52 (0.10) | 0.11 (0.13) | −0.05 (0.01)*** | −0.02 (0.02) | N/A | N/A |
Sports self-esteem | 3.90 (0.06) | −0.04 (0.08) | −0.01 (0.03) | 0.01 (0.02) | −0.02 (0.01)** | N/A |
Global self-esteem | 3.22 (0.04) | 0.06 (0.06) | −0.01 (0.01) | −0.01 (0.01) | N/A | N/A |
Self-esteem processes: Adaptive | 3.71 (0.06) | −0.07 (0.08) | −0.13 (0.01)*** | 0.03 (0.01)* | N/A | N/A |
Self-esteem processes: Maladaptive | 2.38 (0.04) | 0.14 (0.06)*b | −0.11 (0.02)*** | −0.07 (0.03)* | 0.01 (0.00)* | 0.01 (0.01)† |
Variables | Wave 1 | Wave 8 | Effect size | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
PA M |
Control M |
PA M |
Control M |
||
1. Peer self-esteem | 3.65 | 3.75 | 3.37 | 3.25 | 0.37 |
2. School self-esteem | 3.97 | 4.04 | 3.26 | 3.09 | 0.46 |
3. Family self-esteem | 4.16 | 4.11 | 3.43 | 3.37 | 0.02 |
4. Appearance self-esteem | 3.63 | 3.52 | 3.19 | 3.22 | −0.19 |
5. Sports self-esteem | 3.85 | 3.90 | 3.31 | 3.28 | 0.13 |
6. Global self-esteem | 3.28 | 3.22 | 3.19 | 3.18 | −0.09 |
7. Self-esteem processes: Adaptive | 3.64 | 3.71 | 3.07 | 2.96 | 0.31 |
8. Self-esteem processes: Maladaptive | 2.51 | 2.38 | 2.13 | 2.06 | −0.09 |
Supplementary Analyses
Discussion
Limitations and Directions for Future Research
Acknowledgments
Declaration of Conflicting Interests
Funding
References
Biographies
Cite article
Cite article
Cite article
Download to reference manager
If you have citation software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice
Information, rights and permissions
Information
Published In
Keywords
Authors
Metrics and citations
Metrics
Article usage*
Total views and downloads: 6067
*Article usage tracking started in December 2016
Altmetric
See the impact this article is making through the number of times it’s been read, and the Altmetric Score.
Learn more about the Altmetric Scores
Articles citing this one
Receive email alerts when this article is cited
Web of Science: 13 view articles Opens in new tab
Crossref: 12
-
A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of universal scho...
-
The Positive Action Program
-
How are whole-school mental health programmes evaluated? A systematic ...
-
Self-Esteem at University: Proposal of an Artificial Neural Network Ba...
-
The Structure of Mental Elasticity Education for Children in Plight Us...
-
Effects of Positive Action in Elementary School on Student Behavioral ...
-
Citizenship Education for Political Engagement: A Systematic Review of...
-
Self-Esteem as a Potential Mediator of the Association Between Social ...
-
Not stupid, but lazy? Psychological benefits of disruptive classroom b...
-
UPRIGHT, a resilience-based intervention to promote mental well-being ...
-
Childhood protective factors and a prevention program reduce later pro...
-
Modeling Ecological Risk, Health Promotion, and Prevention Program Eff...
Figures and tables
Figures & Media
Tables
View Options
View options
PDF/ePub
View PDF/ePubGet access
Access options
If you have access to journal content via a personal subscription, university, library, employer or society, select from the options below:
loading institutional access options
Alternatively, view purchase options below:
Access journal content via a DeepDyve subscription or find out more about this option.